SMS Viper (1896)

SMS Viper[lower-alpha 1] was a torpedo boat of the Austro-Hungarian Navy. Viper was built by the British shipbuilder Yarrow between 1895 and 1896 and formed the basis for the following Cobra-class torpedo boats. She was renamed Torpedoboot 17 in 1910 and served through the First World War as a patrol boat and minesweeper. She was scrapped in 1920.

History
NameSMS Viper
BuilderYarrow Shipbuilders, England
Laid down1895
LaunchedJanuary 1896
CompletedOctober 1896
RenamedTorpedoboot 17, 1910
FateSold for scrapping, 1920
General characteristics
Displacement107 long tons (109 t)
Length44.8 m (147 ft 0 in)
Beam4.5 m (14 ft 9 in)
Draft2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
PropulsionReciprocating engines, 1,800 hp (1,342 kW)
Speed24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph)
Complement2 officers, 20 men
Armament

Design

In 1895, the Austro-Hungarian Navy purchased one prototype torpedo boat each from the British shipbuilder Yarrow and the German shipbuilder Schichau-Werke, two specialist builders of torpedo vessels.[1]

Yarrow's design was 44.96 m (147 ft 6 in) long overall and 44.8 m (147 ft 0 in) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in) and a draught of 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in).[1][2][3] Displacement was 107 t (105 long tons) normal and 126 t (124 long tons) full load.[3] Two coal-fired Yarrow water-tube boilers fed a single three-cylinder triple expansion steam engine which drove a single propeller shaft. The machinery was rated at 1,800 indicated horsepower (1,300 kW) giving a speed of 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph).[3][lower-alpha 2]

The ships was armed by two 47-millimetre (1.9 in) L/33 Skoda guns and three 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes, with two tubes forward on the sides of the ship, where they could fire almost dead ahead, and one on the ships' centreline aft. The ship had a crew of 21.[3][4]

Construction and service

The Yarrow torpedo boat, named Viper, was laid down at Yarrow's Poplar, London shipyard in 1895,[3] and launched in January 1896, earlier than the competing Schichau-built torpedo boat Natter.[2] She reached a speed of 26.5 knots (49.1 km/h; 30.5 mph) during sea trials,[5] and was completed in October 1896.[3] While both torpedo boats had similar stability and seaworthiness, Natter suffered from vibrations at high speed, and the Yarrow design was chosen for further orders, with four ships of the slightly larger Cobra-class torpedo boat ordered from Yarrow.[2]

In 1910, Austria renamed most of its torpedo boats, with Viper becoming Tb 17.[1] On the outbreak of the First World War Tb 17 formed part of the 21st Torpedo boat Group of the 11th Torpedo Craft Division, a local defence force based at Cattaro,[6][7] and was still based at Cattaro on 20 March 1917, as a member of the 25th Torpedo boat Group of the 15th Torpedo Craft Division.[7] She was employed as an escort and minesweeper during the war,[1] and was allocated to France as a War reparation as part of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1919. She was scrapped in 1920.[1]

Notes
  1. "SMS" stands for "Seiner Majestät Schiff ", or "His Majesty's Ship" in German.
  2. 1,900 ihp (1,400 kW) giving a speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) according to Conway's.[1][2]

Citations
  1. Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 332
  2. Chesneau & Kolesnik 1979, p. 280
  3. Greger 1976, p. 50
  4. Friedman 2009, pp. 64–65
  5. The Marine Engineer April 1899, p. 26
  6. Greger 1976, p. 15
  7. Fock 1989, p. 407

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viper (ship, 1896).
  • Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Fock, Harald (1989). Z-Vor!: Internationale Entwicklung und Kriegseinsätze von Zerstörern und Torpedobooten: 1914 bis 1939 (in German). Herford, Germany: Koelers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. ISBN 3-7822-0207-4.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Greger, René (1976). Austro-Hungarian Warships of World War I. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0623-7.
  • "The Austrian Torpedo-Boats". The Marine Engineer. Vol. XXI. April 1899. p. 26.
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