Sanshui District

Sanshui District, formerly romanized as Samshui,[lower-alpha 1] is an urban district of the prefecture-level city of Foshan in Guangdong province, China. It had a population of 622,645 as of the 2010 census.[2] It is known for the "Samsui women", emigrants who labour in Singapore, and for a large fireworks explosion in 2008.

Sanshui
三水区
District
Sanshuibei railway station
Sanshuibei railway station
Location of Sanshui District (red) in Foshan City and Guangdong
Location of Sanshui District (red) in Foshan City and Guangdong
Coordinates: 23°09′21″N 112°53′48″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGuangdong
Prefecture-level cityFoshan
Area
 • Total874 km2 (337 sq mi)
Elevation
11 m (37 ft)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total622,645
 • Density710/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
528100
Area code0757
Licence plate prefix粤 ET
Websitehttp://www.sanshui.gov.cn/
Sanshui District
Chinese三水
JyutpingSaam1-seoi2
Cantonese YaleSāamséui
Hanyu PinyinSānshǔi
PostalSamshui
Literal meaningThree Waters
Tri-River

History

According to archaeology sites discovered within the region, there were human beings inhabited in the town of Baini (白坭鎮) Sanshui District about four thousand years ago. Sanshui County was established in the fifth year of Jiajing (1526) in the Ming Dynasty. It was merged into Nanhai County in 1959, revoked and restored in 1960, and reorganized into a county-level city in 1993. In 2002, it was reorganized into a district and belonged to Foshan City.[3]

In February 2008, twenty fireworks warehouses exploded in Sanshui. In total over 15,000 cartons of fireworks were set off over a period of 24 hours. The loss of inventory was extensive enough that U.S. markets faced real shortages of supply.

Administration divisions

The neighbouring cities, counties and districts are Gaoyao, Dinghu District and Sihui in the west, Qingxin County and Qingyuan in the north, Huadu District and Nanhai District in the east and Gaoming District in the south-west. Sanshui administers 2 subdistricts and 5 towns:[4]

NameChinese (S)Hanyu PinyinPopulation (2010)[5]Area (km2)
Xinan Subdistrict西南街道Xīnán Jiēdào283,819178.00
Yundonghai Subdistrict云东海街道Yúndōnghǎi Jiēdào29,95356.00
Lubao town芦苞镇Lúbāo Zhèn40,626105.00
Datang town大塘镇Dàtáng Zhèn46,70498.23
Leping town乐平镇Lèpíng Zhèn134,508198.50
Baini town白坭镇Báiní Zhèn64,42566.46
Nanshan town南山镇Nánshān Zhèn22,610115.62
"Xantshui", from Johan Nieuhof (1618-1672); Jean-Baptiste Le Carpentier (1606-ca. 1670): L'ambassade de la Compagnie Orientale des Provinces Unies vers l'Empereur de la Chine, 1665

Economy

Oil, coal, and slate are found in the surrounding area. However, Sanshui is also an important producer of food for Guangdong Province, especially fruit. The mainstay of the former city's economy was the Jianlibao Company, which produced a soft drink made from oranges and honey. During the 1990s, Jianlibao was a popular drink throughout China and it even made it into the Hong Kong market. However, embezzlement by the company's senior management has reduced its success. Despite Sanshui's proximity to Guangzhou and other Pearl River Delta cities, it remains a relatively poor place with many people only earning a few hundred yuan a month.

Transportation

Sanshui is on the railway line from Guangzhou to Maoming. The district is served by G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway (which provides access to Kaiping and the southern suburbs of Foshan), G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway (which provides direct access to downtown Guangzhou), China National Highway 321 (which provides access to Zhaoqing) and China National Highway 324.

Climate
Climate data for Sanshui (2005–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.2
(81.0)		 29.0
(84.2)		 32.2
(90.0)		 34.1
(93.4)		 35.5
(95.9)		 37.4
(99.3)		 39.1
(102.4)		 38.7
(101.7)		 37.7
(99.9)		 35.0
(95.0)		 32.7
(90.9)		 28.8
(83.8)		 39.1
(102.4)
Average high °C (°F) 17.3
(63.1)		 19.5
(67.1)		 21.7
(71.1)		 26.0
(78.8)		 30.2
(86.4)		 32.4
(90.3)		 33.7
(92.7)		 33.5
(92.3)		 32.1
(89.8)		 28.9
(84.0)		 24.4
(75.9)		 19.2
(66.6)		 26.6
(79.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 13.3
(55.9)		 15.5
(59.9)		 18.2
(64.8)		 22.4
(72.3)		 26.2
(79.2)		 28.3
(82.9)		 29.4
(84.9)		 29.1
(84.4)		 27.9
(82.2)		 24.8
(76.6)		 20.1
(68.2)		 14.9
(58.8)		 22.5
(72.5)
Average low °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9)		 12.7
(54.9)		 15.6
(60.1)		 19.6
(67.3)		 23.4
(74.1)		 25.6
(78.1)		 26.3
(79.3)		 26.0
(78.8)		 24.9
(76.8)		 21.6
(70.9)		 17.1
(62.8)		 11.9
(53.4)		 19.6
(67.3)
Record low °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3)		 2.2
(36.0)		 3.1
(37.6)		 8.7
(47.7)		 14.4
(57.9)		 18.5
(65.3)		 21.6
(70.9)		 22.8
(73.0)		 15.8
(60.4)		 10.6
(51.1)		 4.1
(39.4)		 0.3
(32.5)		 0.3
(32.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 53.1
(2.09)		 53.1
(2.09)		 103.2
(4.06)		 183.5
(7.22)		 258.6
(10.18)		 291.6
(11.48)		 218.9
(8.62)		 246.9
(9.72)		 174.3
(6.86)		 71.9
(2.83)		 43.5
(1.71)		 38.7
(1.52)		 1,737.3
(68.38)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 7.6 10.2 15.7 15.7 18.1 18.9 17.0 15.8 11.8 5.4 5.6 5.4 147.2
Average snowy days 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
Average relative humidity (%) 72 77 81 81 81 81 78 78 75 69 68 67 76
Mean monthly sunshine hours 98.1 71.7 55.1 69.6 109.4 131.8 182.4 176.4 169.8 177.7 148.8 134.4 1,525.2
Percent possible sunshine 29 22 15 18 27 33 44 44 47 50 45 41 35
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7]

Notes
  1. Also formerly romanized as San-shwuy Heen.[1]

References
  1. Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "China" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
  2. Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township (1st ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. 2012. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
  3. "佛山市三水区基本情况简介". www.ss.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  4. 2011年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：三水区 (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 2012-07-23.
  5. shi, Guo wu yuan ren kou pu cha ban gong; council, Guo jia tong ji ju ren kou he jiu ye tong ji si bian = Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population census office under the state; population, Department of; statistics, employment statistics national bureau of (2012). Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao (Di 1 ban. ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
  6. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  7. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
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