Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway

A comparison map prepared by the Santa Fe Railroad in 1921, showing the "Old Santa Fé Trail" (top) and the AT&SF and its connections (bottom)

On March 29, 1955, the railway was one of many companies that sponsored attractions in Disneyland with its five-year sponsorship of all Disneyland trains and stations until 1974.[4]

In 1960, AT&SF bought the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad (TP&W); then sold a half-interest to the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). The TP&W cut straight east across Illinois from near Fort Madison, Iowa (Lomax, IL), to a connection with the PRR at Effner, Indiana (Illinois–Indiana border), forming a bypass around Chicago for traffic moving between the two lines. The TP&W route did not mesh with the traffic patterns Conrail developed after 1976, so AT&SF bought back the other half, merged the TP&W in 1983, then sold it back into independence in 1989.[5]

AT&SF and SP Railroad trains meet at Walong siding on the Tehachapi Loop in the late 1980s.

AT&SF began to talk mergers in the 1980s. The Southern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad (SPSF) was a proposed merger between the parent companies of the Southern Pacific and AT&SF announced on December 23, 1983. As part of the joining of the two firms, all rail and non-rail assets owned by Santa Fe Industries and the Southern Pacific Transportation Company were placed under the control of a holding company, the Santa Fe–Southern Pacific Corporation. The merger was subsequently denied by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) on the basis that it would create too many duplicate routes.[6][7]

The companies were so confident the merger would be approved that they began repainting locomotives and non-revenue rolling stock in a new unified paint scheme. While Southern Pacific (railroad) was sold off to Rio Grande Industries, all of the SP's real estate holdings were consolidated into a new company, Catellus Development Corporation, making it California's largest private landowner, of which Santa Fe remained the owner. In the early 1980s, gold was discovered on several properties west of Battle Mountain, Nevada along I-80, on ground owned by the Santa Fe Railroad (formerly SP). The Santa Fe Pacific Corporation (a name correlation of Santa Fe and Southern Pacific) was to develop the properties. They were sold to Newmont during 1997 in preparation for the merger with Burlington Northern). Sometime later, Catellus would purchase the Union Pacific Railroad's interest in the Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal (LAUPT).[5]

On September 22, 1995, AT&SF merged with Burlington Northern Railroad to form the Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway (BNSF). Some of the challenges resulting from the joining of the two companies included the establishment of a common dispatching system, the unionization of AT&SF's non-union dispatchers, and incorporating AT&SF's train identification codes throughout. The two lines maintained separate operations until December 31, 1996, when it officially became BNSF.

Source: Santa Fe Railroad (1945), Along Your Way, Rand McNally, Chicago, Illinois.

AT&SF operated the following named trains on regular schedules:

• The Angel: San Francisco, California – Los Angeles, California – San Diego, California (this was the southbound version of the Saint)
• The Angelo: San Angelo, Texas – Fort Worth, Texas (on the GC&SF)
• The Antelope: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma – Kansas City, Missouri
• Atlantic Express: Los Angeles, California – Kansas City, Missouri (this was the eastbound version of the Los Angeles Express).
• California Express: Chicago, Illinois – Kansas City, Missouri – Los Angeles, California
• California Fast Mail: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California – San Francisco, California
• California Limited: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California
• California Special: Clovis, New Mexico – Houston, Texas (with through connections to California via the San Francisco Chief at Clovis)
• Cavern: Clovis, New Mexico – Carlsbad, New Mexico (connected with the Scout).
• Centennial State: Denver, Colorado – Chicago, Illinois
• Central Texas Express: Sweetwater, Texas – Lubbock, Texas
• Chicagoan: Kansas City, Missouri – Chicago, Illinois (this was the eastbound version of the Kansas Cityan passenger train).
• Chicago Express: Newton, Kansas – Chicago, Illinois
• Chicago Fast Mail: San Francisco, California – Los Angeles, California – Chicago, Illinois
• Chicago-Kansas City Flyer: Chicago, Illinois – Kansas City, Missouri
• The Chief: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California
• Eastern Express: Lubbock, Texas – Amarillo, Texas (this was the eastbound version of the West Texas Express).
• El Capitan: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California
• El Pasoan: El Paso, Texas – Albuquerque, New Mexico
• El Tovar: Los Angeles, California – Chicago, Illinois (via Belen)
• Fargo Fast Mail/Express: Belen, New Mexico – Amarillo, Texas – Kansas City, Missouri – Chicago, Illinois
• Fast Fifteen: Newton, Kansas – Galveston, Texas
• Fast Mail Express: San Francisco, California (via Los Angeles) – Chicago, Illinois
• Golden Gate: Oakland, California – Bakersfield, California, with coordinated connecting bus service to Los Angeles and San Francisco
• Grand Canyon Limited: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California
• Hassayampa Flyer: Phoenix, Arizona – Ash Fork, Arizona (later Williams Junction, Arizona)
• The Hopi: Los Angeles, California – Chicago, Illinois
• Kansas Cityan: Chicago, Illinois – Kansas City, Missouri (this was the westbound version of the Chicagoan passenger train).
• Kansas City Chief: Kansas City, Missouri – Chicago, Illinois
• Los Angeles Express: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California (this was the westbound version of the Atlantic Express).
• The Missionary: San Francisco, California – Belen, New Mexico – Amarillo, Texas – Kansas City, Missouri – Chicago, Illinois
• Navajo: Chicago, Illinois – San Francisco, California (via Los Angeles)
• Oil Flyer: Kansas City, Missouri – Tulsa, Oklahoma, with through sleepers to Chicago via other trains
• Overland Limited: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California
• Phoenix Express: Los Angeles, California – Phoenix, Arizona
• The Ranger: Kansas City, Missouri – Chicago, Illinois
• The Saint: San Diego, California – Los Angeles, California – San Francisco, California (this was the northbound version of the "Angel")
• San Diegan: Los Angeles, California – San Diego, California
• San Francisco Chief: San Francisco, California – Chicago, Illinois
• San Francisco Express: Chicago, Illinois – San Francisco, California (via Los Angeles)
• Santa Fe de Luxe: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California – San Francisco, California
• Santa Fe Eight: Belen, New Mexico – Amarillo, Texas – Kansas City, Missouri – Chicago, Illinois
• The Scout: Chicago, Illinois – San Francisco, California (via Los Angeles)
• South Plains Express: Sweetwater, Texas – Lubbock, Texas
• Super Chief: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California
• The Texan: Houston, Texas – New Orleans, Louisiana (on the GC&SF between Galveston and Houston, then via the Missouri Pacific Railroad between Houston and New Orleans).
• Texas Chief: Galveston, Texas (on the GC&SF) – Chicago, Illinois
• Tourist Flyer: Chicago, Illinois – San Francisco, California (via Los Angeles)
• The Tulsan: Tulsa, Oklahoma – Kansas City, Mo. with through coaches to Chicago, Illinois, via other trains (initially the Chicagoan/Kansas Cityan)
• Valley Flyer: Oakland, California – Bakersfield, California
• West Texas Express: Amarillo, Texas – Lubbock, Texas (this was the westbound version of the Eastern Express).

A promotional brochure for the Santa Fe Railway's Scott Special passenger train

Occasionally, a special train was chartered to make a high-profile run over the Santa Fe's track. These specials were not included in the railroad's regular revenue service lineup, but were intended as one-time (and usually one-way) traversals of the railroad. Some of the more notable specials include:

• Cheney Special: Colton, California – Chicago, Illinois (a one-time train that ran in 1895 on behalf of B.P. Cheney, a director of the Santa Fe).
• Clarke Special: Winslow, Arizona – Chicago, Illinois (a one-time train that ran in 1904 on behalf of Charles W. Clarke, the son of then-Arizona senator William Andrew Clarke).
• David B. Jones Special: Los Angeles, California – Chicago, Illinois, and on to Lake Forest, Illinois (a one-time, record-breaking train that ran between May 5 to 8, 1923, on behalf of the president of the Mineral Point Zinc Company).
• Huntington Special: Argentine, Kansas – Chicago, Illinois (a one-time train that ran in 1899 on behalf of Collis P. Huntington).
• H.P. Lowe Special: Chicago, Illinois – Los Angeles, California (a one-time, record-breaking train that ran in 1903 on behalf of the president of the Engineering Company of America).
• Miss Nellie Bly Special: San Francisco, California – Chicago, Illinois (a one-time, record-breaking train that ran in 1890 on behalf of Nellie Bly, a reporter for the New York World newspaper).
• Peacock Special: Los Angeles, California – Chicago, Illinois (a one-time train that ran in 1900 on behalf of A.R. Peacock, vice-president of the Carnegie Steel and Iron Company).
• Scott Special: Los Angeles, California – Chicago, Illinois (the most well-known of Santa Fe's "specials", also known as the Coyote Special, the Death Valley Coyote, and the Death Valley Scotty Special: a one-time, record-breaking train that ran in 1905, essentially as a publicity stunt).
• Wakarusa Creek Picnic Special: Topeka, Kansas – Pauline, Kansas (a one-time train that took picnickers on a 30-minute trip, at a speed of 14 miles per hour (23 km/h), to celebrate the official opening of the line on April 26, 1869).

AT&SF#1129, a 1902 Baldwin 2-6-2 Prairie locomotive, preserved at Las Vegas, New Mexico, since 1956

The Santa Fe operated a large and varied fleet of steam locomotives. In 1899, the company owned 1,036 locomotives.[13] Among them was the 2-10-2 "Santa Fe", originally built for the railroad by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1903.[14][15] The railroad would ultimately end up with the largest fleet of them, at over 300. Aside from the 2-10-2, Santa Fe rostered virtually every type of steam locomotive imaginable, including 4-4-2 Atlantics, 2-6-0 Moguls, 2-8-0 Consolidations, 2-8-2 Mikados, 2-10-0 Decapods, 2-6-2 Prairies, 4-8-4 Northerns, 4-6-4 Hudsons, 4-6-2 Pacifics, 4-8-2 Mountains, 2-8-4 Berkshires, and 2-10-4 Texas. The railroad also operated a fleet of heavy articulated steam locomotives, including 1158 class 2-6-6-2s, 2-8-8-0s, 2-10-10-2s, 2-8-8-2s, and the rare 4-4-6-2 Mallet type. The railroad retired its last steam locomotive in 1959.

During the twentieth century, all but one of these was painted black, with white unit numbers on the sand domes and three sides of the tender. Cab sides were lettered "AT&SF", also in white. The subsidiary Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe often painted all or part of the smokebox (between the boiler and the headlight) white or silver. In 1940, the circle and cross emblem was applied to the tenders of a few passenger locomotives, but these were all later painted over. After World War II, "Santa Fe" appeared on tender sides of mainline road locomotives in white, above the unit number. Locomotives were delivered from Baldwin with white paint on the wheel rims, but the road did not repaint these "whitewalls" after shopping the locomotives. After World War II, side rods and valve gear were painted chrome yellow. For a short time, Pacific types 1369 and 1376 were semi-streamlined for "Valley Flyer" service, with a unique paint scheme in colors similar to those used on the new passenger diesels. Unique was the two-tone light blue over royal blue scheme of streamlined Hudson type 3460.

EMC 1800 hp B-B in the original Golden Olive scheme (1935)

Santa Fe's first set of diesel-electric passenger locomotives was placed in service on the Super Chief in 1936, and consisted of a pair of blunt-nosed units (EMC 1800 hp B-B) designated as Nos. 1 and 1A. The upper portion of the sides and ends of the units were painted gold, while the lower section was a dark olive green color; an olive stripe also ran along the sides and widened as it crossed the front of the locomotive.

Riveted to the sides of the units were metal plaques bearing a large "Indian Head" logo, which owed its origin to the 1926 Chief "drumhead" logo. "Super Chief" was emblazoned on a plaque located on the front. The rooftop was light slate gray, rimmed by a red pinstripe. This unique combination of colors was called the Golden Olive paint scheme.[16][17] Before entering service, Sterling McDonald's General Motors Styling Department augmented the look with the addition of red and blue striping along both the sides and ends of the units in order to enhance their appearance.

EMC E1 in Warbonnet (1938)

In a little over a year, the EMC E1 (a new and improved streamlined locomotive) would be pulling the Super Chief and other passenger consists, resplendent in the now-famous Warbonnet paint scheme devised by Leland Knickerbocker of the GM Art and Color Section. Its design was protected under a U.S. design patent,[18] granted on November 9, 1937. It is reminiscent of a Native American ceremonial head-dress. The scheme consisted of a red "bonnet" that wrapped around the front of the unit and was bordered by a yellow stripe and black pinstripe. The extent of the bonnet varied according to the locomotive model and was largely determined by the shape and length of the car body. The remainder of the unit was either painted silver or was composed of stainless-steel panels.

All units wore a nose emblem consisting of an elongated yellow "Circle and Cross" emblem with integral "tabs" on the nose and the sides, outlined and accented with black pinstripes, with variances according to the locomotive model. "SANTA FE" was displayed on the horizontal limb of the cross in black, Art Deco-style lettering. This emblem has come to be known as the "cigar band" due to its uncanny resemblance to the same. On all but the "Erie-built" units (which were essentially run as a demonstrator set), GE U28CG, GE U30CG, and FP45 units, a three-part yellow and black stripe ran up the nose behind the band.

A "Circle and Cross" motif (consisting of a yellow field, with red quadrants, outlined in black) was painted around the side windows on "as-delivered" E1 units. Similar designs were added to E3s, E6s, the DL109/110 locomotive set, and ATSF 1A after it was rebuilt and repainted. The sides of the units typically bore the words "SANTA FE" in black, 5"– or 9"–high extra extended Railroad Roman letters, as well as the "Indian Head" logo,[19][20] with a few notable exceptions.

Railway identity on diesel locomotives in passenger service:

Source: Pelouze, Richard W. (1997). Trademarks of the Santa Fe Railway. The Santa Fe Railway Historical and Modeling Society, Inc., Highlands Ranch, Colorado, pp. 47–50.

In later years, Santa Fe adapted the scheme to its gas-electric "doodlebug" units.[21] The standard for all of Santa Fe's passenger locomotives, the Warbonnet is considered by many to be the most-recognized corporate logo in the railroad industry. Early after Amtrak's inception in 1971, Santa Fe embarked on a program to repaint the red bonnet on its F units that were still engaged in hauling passenger consists with yellow (also called Yellowbonnets) or dark blue (nicknamed Bluebonnets), as it no longer wanted to project the image of a passenger carrier.

Santa Fe#103, an EMD FT unit decorated in the "Cat Whiskers" scheme, receives service during World War II.

Diesels used as switchers between 1935 and 1960 were painted black, with just a thin white or silver horizontal accent stripe (the sills were painted similarly). The letters "A.T.& S.F." were applied in a small font centered on the sides of the unit, as was the standard blue and white "Santa Fe" box logo. After World War II, diagonal white or silver stripes were added to the ends and cab sides to increase the visibility at grade crossings (typically referred to as the Zebra Stripe scheme). "A.T.& S.F." was now placed along the sides of the unit just above the accent stripe, with the blue and white "Santa Fe" box logo below.

Due to the lack of abundant water sources in the American desert, the Santa Fe Railway was among the first railroads to receive large numbers of streamlined diesel locomotives for use in freight service, in the form of the EMD FT. For the first group of FTs, delivered between December 1940 and March 1943 (#100–#119), the railroad selected a color scheme consisting of dark blue accented by a pale yellow stripe up the nose, and pale yellow highlights around the cab and along the mesh and framing of openings in the sides of the engine compartment; a thin red stripe separated the blue areas from the yellow.

A museum restoration of Kennecott Copper Corporation #103 (an Alco model RS-2) now bears the #2098 and the ATSF Zebra Stripe paint scheme.

The words SANTA FE were applied in yellow in a 5"–high extended font, and centered on the nose was the "Santa Fe" box logo (initially consisting of a blue cross, circle, and square painted on a solid bronze sheet, but subsequently changed to baked steel sheets painted bronze with the blue identifying elements applied on top). Three thin, pale yellow stripes (known as Cat Whiskers) extended from the nose logo around the cab sides. In January, 1951, Santa Fe revised the scheme to consist of three yellow stripes running up the nose, with the addition of a blue and yellow Cigar Band (similar in size and shape to that applied to passenger units); the blue background and elongated yellow "SANTA FE" lettering were retained.

The years 1960 to 1972 saw non-streamlined freight locomotives sporting the "Billboard" color scheme (sometimes referred to as the "Bookends" or "Pinstripe" scheme), where the units were predominantly dark blue with yellow ends and trim, with a single yellow accent pinstripe. The words "Santa Fe" were applied in yellow in large bold serif letters (logotype) to the sides of the locomotive below the accent stripe (save for yard switchers which displayed the "SANTA FE" in small yellow letters above the accent stripe, somewhat akin to the Zebra Stripe arrangement).

From 1972 to 1996, and even on into the BNSF era, the company adopted a new paint scheme often known among railfans as the "Freightbonnet" or "Yellowbonnet", which placed more yellow on the locomotives (reminiscent of the company's retired Warbonnet scheme); the goal again was to ensure higher visibility at grade crossings. The truck assemblies, previously colored black, now received silver paint.

Santa Fe #2378, an Alco S-2 switcher in the Billboard scheme (1966)

In 1965, the road took delivery of ten GE U28CG dual-service road switcher locomotives equally suited to passenger or fast freight service. These wore a variation of the "Warbonnet" scheme in which the black and yellow separating stripes disappeared. The "Santa Fe" name was emblazoned on the sides in large black letters, using the same stencils used on freight engines; these were soon repainted in red. In 1989, Santa Fe resurrected this version of the "Warbonnet" scheme and applied it to two SDFP45 units, #5992 and #5998. The units were re-designated as #101 and #102 and reentered service on July 4, 1989, as part of the new "Super Fleet" campaign (the first Santa Fe units to be so decorated for freight service). The six remaining FP45 units were thereafter similarly repainted and renumbered. From that point forward, most new locomotives wore red and silver, and many retained this scheme after the Burlington Northern Santa Fe merger, some with "BNSF" displayed across their sides.

For the initial deliveries of factory-new "Super Fleet" equipment, Santa Fe took delivery of the EMD GP60M and General Electric B40-8W which made the Santa Fe the only US Class I railroad to operate new 4-axle (B-B) freight locomotives equipped with the North American Safety Cab intended for high-speed intermodal service.

Several experimental and commemorative paint schemes emerged during the Santa Fe's diesel era. One combination was developed and partially implemented in anticipation of a merger between the parent companies of the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific (SP) railroads in 1984. The red, yellow, and black paint scheme with large yellow block letters on the sides and ends of the units of the proposed Southern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad (SPSF) has come to be somewhat derisively known among railfans as the Kodachrome livery, due to the similarity in colors to the boxes containing slide film sold by the Eastman Kodak Company under the same name. Santa Fe units repainted in this scheme were labeled "SF", Southern Pacific units "SP", and some (presumably new) units wore the letters "SPSF". After the ICC's denial of the merger, railfans joked that SPSF really stood for "Shouldn't Paint So Fast."[22]

• Paint schemes of the AT&SF locomotives
• 
  Warbonnet roof details
• 
  ATSF San Diegan EMD F7 (1968), displaying the "SANTA FE" in black Railroad Roman letters along each side
• 
  Santa Fe #98 (originally #108), an EMD FP45 decked out in Warbonnet colors, including the traditional "cigar band" nose emblem
• 
  ATSF 108 at Southern California Railway Museum, repainted into its original colors
• 
  Santa Fe #681 in Sealy Texas, June 2001
• 
  The L.A.-bound Super Chief gets its 5-minute pit-stop service in Albuquerque, 1943
• 
  ATSF 9542 in Kodachrome leads other locomotives in Freightbonnet (1990)