Sentetsu Mikai-class locomotive

The Mikai-class (ミカイ) locomotives were a group of steam tender locomotives of the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) with 2-8-2 wheel arrangement. The "Mika" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 2-8-2 wheel arrangement were called "Mikado" in honour of the Emperor of Japan, as the first 2-8-2 locomotives in the world were built for Japan.

Chosen Government Railway Mikai class (ミカイ)
Korean National Railroad Mika1 class (미카1)
Korean State Railway Migaha class (미가하)
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderBaldwin
Build date1919
Total produced12
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte2-8-2
Gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Driver dia.1,450 mm (57.09 in)
Length22,032 mm (867.4 in)
Width3,023 mm (9 ft 11.0 in)
Height4,383 mm (14 ft 4.6 in)
Loco weight89.75 t (88.33 long tons)
Tender weight57.50 t (56.59 long tons)
Fuel capacity9.4 t (9.3 long tons)
Water cap.22.7 m3 (6,000 US gal)
Firebox:
 • Firegrate area		4.39 m2 (47.3 sq ft)
Boiler:
​
 • Small tubes168 x 51 mm (2.0 in)
 • Large tubes26 x 137 mm (5.4 in)
Boiler pressure13.0 kgf/cm2 (185 psi)
Heating surface239.20 m2 (2,574.7 sq ft)
 • Tubes221.50 m2 (2,384.2 sq ft)
 • Firebox17.70 m2 (190.5 sq ft)
Superheater:
​
 • Heating area64.00 m2 (688.9 sq ft)
Cylinders2
Cylinder size559 mm × 711 mm
(22.0 in × 28.0 in)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Performance figures
Maximum speed70 km/h (43 mph)
Tractive effort170.0 kN (38,200 lbf)
Career
OperatorsChosen Government Railway
Korean National Railroad
Korean State Railway
ClassSentetsu: ミカイ
KNR: 미카1
KSR: 미가하
Number in classSentetsu: 12
KNR: 9
KSR: 3
NumbersSentetsu: ミカイ1–ミカイ12
KNR: see text
KSR: 60xx (see text)
Delivered1919

Of all Mika classes, 131 went to the Korean National Railroad in South Korea and 292 to the Korean State Railway in North Korea.[1] Of these 423 locomotives, 356 were from Sentetsu; the other 67 were South Manchuria Railway Mikai-class engines on loan to Sentetsu along with Mika-type locomotives which had previously belonged to the twelve privately owned railways in Korea before 1945. Not included in this number, however, are the six SMR Mikai-class locomotives that were assigned to SMR's Rajin depot for operation on SMR's lines in northeastern Korea, and the eight SMR Mikaro-class locomotives likewise assigned to the Rajin depot; these fourteen locomotives were taken over by the Korean State Railway. Despite the DPRK government's extensive anti-Japanese propaganda, the railway nevertheless continues to use the "Mika" name officially for these locomotives even though it refers to the Japanese emperor.[2]

Description

By the late 1910s, existing multipurpose locomotives were proving insufficient for the increasingly heavy freight trains being run in Korea. To fill the need for dedicated freight locomotives, in 1919 Sentetsu imported twelve Mikai-class and twelve Mikani-class locomotives from the United States in 1919.[3]

The Mikai class was one of the original two groups of 2-8-2 locomotives to be delivered to Sentetsu in 1919, the other being the Mikani class built by ALCo. Built by Baldwin in 1919, the Mikai class were used primarily on the Gyeongui Line.[3] Originally numbered ミカイ701-ミカイ712, in Sentetsu's general renumbering of 1938 they became ミカイ1-ミカイ12 [1]

Postwar

After the division of Sentetsu's assets in 1948, three remained in the North with the Korean State Railway as class 미가하 (Migaha) and later renumbered in the 6000 series, and nine in the South with the Korean National Railroad as class 미카1 (Mika1); [1]

Some of the KNR's Mika1s were rebuilt in the early 1950s by Kawasaki to use lignite as fuel, becoming the KNR Mika6 (미카6) class.[1]

Both the KNR and the Korean State Railway operated Mikai class locomotives that formerly belonged to the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu). These were very distinct from the Sentetsu Mikai class, but in both North and South they were grouped together with the Sentetsu Mikais as class Migaha and Mika1 respectively.

Construction
Original number1938–1945 numberBuilderYearPostwar ownerPostwar numberNotes
ミカイ701ミカイ1Baldwin1919KNR미카1-1Cannibalised for parts for 미카1-10 in 1953-1954.[1]
ミカイ702ミカイ2Baldwin1919KNR미카1-2Rebuilt by Kawasaki in 1952.[1]
ミカイ703ミカイ3Baldwin1919 ? ?
ミカイ704ミカイ4Baldwin1919 ? ?
ミカイ705ミカイ5Baldwin1919 ? ?
ミカイ706ミカイ6Baldwin1919KSR미가하6 (6006)Appeared in the 1971 DPRK film, Son of an Engineer (기관사의 아들).[4]
Still in service in the early 2000s.[5]
ミカイ707ミカイ7Baldwin1919KNR미카1-7[1]
ミカイ708ミカイ8Baldwin1919KNR미카1-8Rebuilt by Kawasaki in 1952.[1]
ミカイ709ミカイ9Baldwin1919 ? ?
ミカイ710ミカイ10Baldwin1919KNR미카1-10Named "Mt. Tamalpias" (with incorrect spelling), used in the post-armistice prisoner exchange.[6]
ミカイ711ミカイ11Baldwin1919 ? ?
ミカイ712ミカイ12Baldwin1919 ? ?

References
  1. "Korean National RR MK-1 2-8-2". donsdepot.donrossgroup.net.
  2. Kokubu, Hayato (January 2007). 将軍様の鉄道 [Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō] (in Japanese). 新潮社 (Shinchosha). p. 106–107. ISBN 978-4-10-303731-6.
  3. Byeon, Seong-u (1999). 한국철도차량 100년사 [Korean Railways Rolling Stock Centennial] (in Korean). Seoul: Korea Rolling Stock Technical Corp.
  4. "2013年09月のブログ｜ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記）". ameblo.jp.
  5. "Einloggen". www.farrail.net.
  6. "A Tribute to Charlie Ward". donsdepot.donrossgroup.net.
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