Sequoyah Nuclear Plant

The Sequoyah Nuclear Plant is a nuclear power plant located on 525 acres (212 ha) located 7 miles (11 km) east of Soddy-Daisy, Tennessee, and 20 miles (32 km) north of Chattanooga, abutting Chickamauga Lake, on the Tennessee River. The facility is owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).

Sequoyah Nuclear Plant
CountryUnited States
LocationHamilton County, near Soddy-Daisy, Tennessee
Coordinates35°13′35″N 85°5′30″W
StatusOperational
Construction beganMay 27, 1970 (1970-05-27)
Commission dateUnit 1: July 1, 1981
Unit 2: June 1, 1982
Construction cost$3.455 billion (2007 USD)[1]
Owner(s)Tennessee Valley Authority
Operator(s)Tennessee Valley Authority
Nuclear power station
Reactor typePWR
Reactor supplierWestinghouse
Cooling towers2 × Natural Draft
(supplemental only)
Cooling sourceChickamauga Lake
Thermal capacity2 × 3455 MWth
Power generation
Units operational2 × 1220 MW
Make and modelWH 4-loop (ICECND)
Nameplate capacity2440 MW
Capacity factor91.38% (2017)
75.50% (lifetime)
Annual net output17,654 GWh (2021)
External links
WebsiteSequoyah Nuclear Plant
CommonsRelated media on Commons

The plant has two Westinghouse pressurized water reactors. Sequoyah units 1 & 2, as well as their sister plant at Watts Bar, both have ice condenser containment systems. In case of a large loss-of-coolant accident, steam generated by the leak is directed toward borated ice which helps condense the steam creating a lower pressure, allowing for a smaller containment building.

Description

Sequoyah's two units have a winter net dependable capacity of 2,440 megawatts,[2] making Sequoyah the most productive of TVA's three nuclear plants. Sequoyah is the second-most powerful power plant in Tennessee, second only to the Cumberland Fossil Plant northwest of Nashville, but actually generates more power.[3] Following the restart of Brown's Ferry Unit 1, that plant again became most productive at 3,440 MW.

TVA constructed dry cask storage facilities at Sequoyah and purchased special storage containers for the purpose of storing spent nuclear fuel. The storage facilities have been approved by the NRC.[2]

History

Construction began on Sequoyah on May 27, 1970. Unit 1 was licensed by the NRC on September 17, 1980, and commercial operation began on July 1, 1981.[4][5] Unit 2 was licensed on September 15, 1981 and began operation on June 1, 1982.[6][5] Sequoyah was the first new nuclear plant licensed after the Three Mile Island accident.

On August 22, 1985, Sequoyah was shut down due to safety concerns.[7] An independent contractor hired to analyze the safety systems of the plant had found that TVA lacked documentation proving that all of the plant's safety systems would function properly in the event of an emergency.[8] Brown's Ferry, TVA's only other operating nuclear plant at the time, had been shut down in March 1985, due to safety concerns about a fire ten years earlier, and during this time, TVA was without nuclear power completely.[8] On March 22, 1988, TVA was authorized by the NRC to restart both Sequoyah units.[9] Both reactors returned to service later that year.[10]

The operating license of Sequoyah's Unit 1 was originally set to expire in 2020, and Unit 2's operating license in 2021. In 2015, the NRC renewed the operating license for both units for an additional 20 years.[11]

TVA's Sequoyah operating license was modified in September 2002 to allow TVA to irradiate tritium-producing burnable absorber rods at Sequoyah for the U.S. Department of Energy. The process of irradiating tritium-producing rods produces tritium, which is used in nuclear weapons and for various forms of research into nuclear fusion for commercial power production. TVA began irradiating tritium-producing rods at its Watts Bar Nuclear Plant in 2003. As of February 2007, TVA had no plans to produce tritium at Sequoyah.[2]

Name

Sequoyah was Cherokee, part of the Overhill Cherokee, reportedly born in Tuskegee, a town at the confluence of the Tellico River and Little Tennessee River, upriver of the nuclear power plant. He is known for creating the Cherokee syllabary circa 1820. Many Cherokee sites were flooded during the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) construction of Tellico Dam (1967-1979). Naming the site after a local Native American Indian was considered a small political token to the Cherokee in compensation for the dam-flooding and destruction of their historic sites that TVA required to control flooding on the Tennessee River.

Electricity Production
Generation (MWh) of Sequoyah Nuclear Plant[12]
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual (Total)
2001 1,715,621 1,547,274 1,688,182 1,652,227 1,691,701 1,626,029 1,651,666 1,651,496 1,618,505 1,416,882 989,416 1,700,857 18,949,856
2002 1,712,498 1,548,129 1,712,696 1,179,383 1,020,499 1,588,579 1,578,618 1,642,669 1,605,861 1,691,656 1,648,005 1,566,979 18,495,572
2003 1,538,148 1,549,716 889,060 772,530 843,504 1,109,805 1,668,475 1,585,871 1,602,956 1,715,357 1,079,412 1,248,935 15,603,769
2004 1,194,378 1,622,496 1,580,743 1,670,244 1,716,912 1,643,689 1,690,048 1,685,688 1,644,212 1,509,633 1,061,493 1,735,832 18,755,368
2005 1,734,248 1,464,350 1,736,755 1,362,460 892,497 1,653,280 1,694,189 1,687,558 1,635,444 1,716,106 1,678,363 1,743,903 18,999,153
2006 1,682,219 1,570,914 1,604,291 1,042,998 1,274,216 1,647,754 1,678,165 1,664,688 1,633,330 1,716,109 1,511,763 974,232 18,000,679
2007 1,677,855 1,571,210 1,673,450 1,668,096 1,723,137 1,654,059 1,691,561 1,676,085 1,534,271 898,508 1,143,344 1,739,109 18,650,685
2008 1,679,170 1,626,605 1,735,160 1,618,395 947,397 1,504,251 1,681,616 1,657,270 1,639,447 1,715,045 1,371,138 1,741,814 18,917,308
2009 1,740,512 1,569,882 1,448,218 821,378 1,451,044 1,614,963 1,658,103 1,666,440 1,625,477 1,530,500 910,663 1,717,356 17,754,536
2010 1,718,954 1,553,344 1,651,286 1,631,962 1,611,012 1,487,684 1,656,024 1,637,160 1,510,126 834,089 1,136,914 1,572,209 18,000,764
2011 1,719,514 1,553,966 1,714,720 1,621,161 1,319,880 946,454 1,572,796 1,578,718 1,582,198 1,699,007 1,662,103 1,717,676 18,688,193
2012 1,718,158 1,490,254 810,376 1,567,210 1,583,774 1,622,332 1,654,948 1,585,666 1,621,590 1,231,806 834,276 865,240 16,585,630
2013 1,530,558 1,393,076 1,740,503 1,662,106 1,745,413 1,641,303 1,690,971 1,680,336 1,557,244 1,109,768 1,054,061 1,720,672 18,526,011
2014 1,723,956 1,557,221 1,719,014 1,596,760 1,083,378 1,133,896 1,680,276 1,673,600 1,625,520 1,704,334 1,668,578 1,725,858 18,892,391
2015 1,715,648 1,559,658 1,261,819 1,022,368 1,233,518 1,633,998 1,481,601 1,454,372 1,437,850 1,669,386 1,067,578 973,526 16,511,322
2016 841,395 910,071 1,718,696 1,654,185 1,535,866 1,625,351 1,655,503 1,644,646 1,605,992 1,688,908 1,514,545 847,450 17,242,608
2017 1,300,005 1,576,214 1,717,976 1,537,391 848,472 1,456,860 1,675,580 1,665,170 1,630,554 1,446,387 1,664,360 1,722,330 18,241,299
2018 1,723,352 1,506,345 1,718,484 987,565 1,482,122 1,636,994 1,664,194 1,666,828 1,607,022 1,550,238 866,069 1,294,536 17,703,749
2019 1,720,494 1,554,495 1,717,933 1,557,931 1,702,708 1,636,150 1,675,144 1,576,388 1,394,369 1,017,551 890,814 1,620,642 18,064,619
2020 1,623,312 1,612,766 1,694,162 1,057,335 1,438,839 1,642,519 1,655,788 1,644,477 1,626,036 1,709,727 1,667,841 1,726,387 19,099,189
2021 1,726,934 1,559,132 1,723,128 1,069,104 1,196,380 1,640,426 1,678,000 1,560,825 1,520,846 869,782 1,385,317 1,724,938 17,654,812
2022 1,725,344 1,558,934 1,722,122 1,662,014 1,707,980 1,413,209 1,667,490 1,667,082 1,632,618 1,371,240 16,128,033
2023

Surrounding population

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone of 10 miles (16 km) radius (concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination), and an ingestion pathway zone of about 50 miles (80 km) radius (concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity).[13]

The 2010 U.S. population within 10 miles (16 km) of Sequoyah was 99,664, according to 2010 U.S. Census data analyzed for msnbc.com, an increase of 13.8 percent in a decade.[14] The 2010 U.S. population within 50 miles (80 km) was 1,079,868 (increase of 13.8 percent).[14] Cities within 50 miles include Chattanooga (14 miles to city center).[14]

Seismic risk

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Sequoyah was 1 in 19,608, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.[15][16]

See also

References
  1. "EIA - State Nuclear Profiles". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  2. Securities & Exchange Commission filing. Available at https://www.sec.gov/
  3. "Tennessee - State Energy Profile". eia.gov. U.S. Energy Information Administration. May 17, 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  4. "Sequoyah Nuclear Plant, Unit 1". nrc.gov. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  5. "Sequoyah Nuclear Plant". tva.gov. Tennessee Valley Authority. 2018. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  6. "Sequoyah Nuclear Plant, Unit 2". nrc.gov. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  7. George, Dan (August 23, 1985). "TVA Completes Shutdown of Sequoyah Plant". The Associated Press. New York City. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  8. "T.V.A. CITING SAFETY, TO SHUT DOWN NUCLEAR PLANT". The New York Times. New York City. Associated Press. August 22, 1985. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  9. "TVA GETS GREEN LIGHT TO RESTART SEQUOYAH UNIT 2". The Journal of Commerce. Hudson Yards, New York. March 23, 1988. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  10. Lippman, Thomas W. (April 11, 1990). "FOR TVA, IT'S BACK TO A NUCLEAR FUTURE". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  11. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2015-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. "Electricity Data Browser". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  13. "Backgrounder on Emergency Preparedness at Nuclear Power Plants". Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  14. Bill Dedman, "Nuclear neighbors: Population rises near US reactors," NBC News, April 14, 2011 http://www.nbcnews.com/id/42555888 Accessed April 16, 2011.
  15. Bill Dedman, "What are the odds? US nuke plants ranked by quake risk," NBC News, March 17, 2011 http://www.nbcnews.com/id/42103936 Accessed April 19, 2011.
  16. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2011-04-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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