Serbian diaspora

Serbian diaspora refers to Serbian emigrant communities in the diaspora. The existence of a numerous diaspora of Serbian nationals is mainly a consequence of either economic or political (coercion or expulsion) reasons.

This article is about the national Serbian diaspora. For the ethnic Serb diaspora, see Serb diaspora.
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Countries with significant Serbian population and descendants.
  Serbia
  + 100.000
  + 10.000
  + 1.000

There were different waves of Serbian migration, characterized by:[1]

  1. Economic emigration (end of 19th–beginning of 20th c.)
  2. Political emigration (from 1945 up to 1967) of anti-Communist regime members, better known as the Chetnik Immigration
  3. Economic emigration (1967 up to the 1980s) of mostly laborers with mid-level education or professionals of higher education
  4. Political emigration (1990s) refugees of the Yugoslav Wars.

The main countries of destination were Germany, Austria, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and Australia.[2] Based on a 2007 estimate, there were 4.2 to 5.8 million Serbians or people of Serbian origin in the diaspora.[3] The Ministry of Diaspora (MoD) estimated in 2008 that the Serbian diaspora numbered 3,908,000 to 4,170,000, the numbers including not only Serbian citizens but people who view Serbia as their nation-state regardless of the citizenship they hold; these could include second- and third-generation Serbian emigrants or descendants of emigrants from other former Yugoslav republics who never obtained Serbian citizenship but are ethnic Serbs.[3] By continent or region, it was estimated that 2,705,000–2,765,000 lived in Europe (excluding former Yugoslavia), 1–1,2 million in North America, 130,000 in Australia, 26,000 in Africa, 20,000 in Central and South America, 8,000 in Asia, 5,000–7,000 in New Zealand, 5,000 in the Middle East.[4] There were c. 1,000 diaspora associations, registered in 191 countries.[1]

In 2014 it was estimated based on diplomatic-consular posts that the Serbian diaspora numbered 5.1 million in about 100 states.[5] The term "Serbs in the region" is used for ethnic Serbs of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Albania, Kosovo and Hungary, estimated to number 2,120,000.[5] The latter group may or may not be included in estimates.

Serbian diaspora by countries

Europe
List of countries and territories by Serbian population
Country Official data Estimates Notes
 Germany 272,145 (2017) Serbian nationals and Serbian-born German citizens.[6] 580,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] See also Serbs in Germany.
 Austria 262,072 (2018) Serbian nationals and Serbian-born Austrian citizens.[8] 250,000–300,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] c. 300,000 (est.)[9][10]–320 000+ Serbs in Austria (Domestic numbers)[11] Approximately 100,000 Serbians in Vienna alone[12]
  Switzerland 64,490 (2016)[13] 120,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 150,000 Serbian and Montenegrin immigrants (2000 est.).[14] 200,000 Serbian immigrants (2008 est.).[15] An Unknown number of ethnic Serbs in Switzerland. Based on the census in 2000, 103,350 persons gave Serbian or Croatian as their main language. At the end of 2012, approximately 98,700 Serbian nationals lived in Switzerland. Ethnic Serbs are mainly concentrated in German-speaking areas of Switzerland.
 Sweden 83,735 (2016) Serbian-born (excl. Kosovo) Swedish citizens.[16]
6,409 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17]		 75,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 80,000 (2003) Serbs in Sweden.[18]
 France 116,793 (2011) Serbian ancestry[19][20] 120,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 120,000 Serbs in France.
 Italy 39,937 (2017) "Foreign citizens" from Serbia (excl. Kosovo)[21] 50,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 41,678 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 109,474 Serbian immigrants (2014).[22] 42,264 (2016) "Foreign citizens" from Serbia (excl. Kosovo)[23] Unknown number of Serbs in Italy.
 Slovenia 7,784 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 38,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 38,964 self-declared "Serb(ian)" community (2011).[24] See also Serbs in Slovenia.
 United Kingdom 8,161 "Serbian" "Usual residents" in England and Wales (2011)[25] 80,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] Serbian Embassy estimated 70,000 ethnic Serbs (2001), see Serbs in the United Kingdom[26]
 Romania 6,937 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 22,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 18,076 ethnic Serbs (Serbs in Romania) (2011 census)[27] Estimated 23,000 Serbs.
 Netherlands 2,116 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 20,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 53,845 (2005) Serbian immigrants.[28]

Serbs in the Netherlands

 Hungary 4,894 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 10,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] The census records a "Serbian (ethnic) minority", 7,210 (2011),[29] which does not include Serbian nationals in Hungary.
 Greece 25,835 (2014) non-resident Serbian nationals (incl. Kosovo).[30]
5,200 Serbian-born Greek citizens (2001).		 15,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 15,000 (est.) Serbs in Greece
 Russia 29,499 (2015) Serbian nationals, temporary residents.[31] 30,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 3,510 Russian nationals of Serb ethnicity (2010 census).[32] See also Serbs in Russia.
 Turkey N/A 15,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] The 1965 census registered over 65,000 Serbian speakers.[33] See also Serbs in Turkey.
 Finland 14,059 (2018) 1st and 2nd generation Serbian immigrants.[34] 4,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 462 (2015) Serbian speakers.[35]
 Denmark 1,786 (2017)[a] 7,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7]
 Luxembourg 7,000 (2015)[36] 3,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] See also Serbs in Luxembourg.
 Belgium 6,937 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 5,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7]
 Norway 6,396 (2017) Serbian (post-2006) immigrants and Norwegian-born descendants.[37] 2,500 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] See also Serbs in Norway.
 Spain 3,456 (2017) Serbian citizens, residents.[38]
1,010 (2017) Spanish citizens.[38]		 1,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7]
7,000 (January 2012 est.).[39]		 3,173 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] See also Serbs in Spain.
 Czech Republic 2,253 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 3,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7]
 Cyprus 712 (2011)[40] 5,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7]
 Ireland 343 (2016)[41] 2,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] Higher estimate of ethnic Serbs.
 Poland 252 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 1,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] The number can reach up to 7,000.
 Slovakia 716 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 500 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 11,000 (December 2017).[42] See also Serbs of Slovakia.
 Ukraine 104 (2001) ethnic Serb Serbian nationals[43] 15,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] 623 ethnic Serbs, out of whom 219 had Serbian citizenship, 104 Ukrainian, 218 Russian, and 68 others. See also Serbs in Ukraine.
 Bulgaria 645 (2013) Serbian citizens, residents.[17] 2,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] See also Serbs of Bulgaria.
 Malta 541 (2011) Serbian-born.[44]
 Iceland 732 (2016)[b]
 Liechtenstein 267 (2014)[45]
 Portugal 274 (2021, foreigners only; for instance excludes 234 Luso-Serbs naturalised since 2008)[46][47] 1,000 (2013MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] [48] See also Serbs in Portugal.
 Belarus 83 (1989)[49] 500 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora.[7] See also Serbs in Belarus.
 Latvia 40 (2015) Serbian nationals[50]
 Estonia 20 (2011) Serbian nationals.[51]
 Moldova 21 (2014)[52]
 Lithuania 10 (2011)[53]

Elsewhere
List of countries and territories by Serbian population
Country Official data Estimates Notes
 United States 750,000–1,000,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora[3] 191,400 Serbian Americans (2015).[54] It is highly likely that among the citizens who declared Yugoslavian ethnicity (328,547 in 2010; 310,682 in 2012 estimation), are siblings to or offshoots of American Serbs.[55]
 Canada 200,000–250,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora[3] 80,320 of "Serbian descent" (2011)[56]
 Australia 130,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora[3] 69,544 (2011) Serbian ancestry.[57][58] 55,114 (0.3%) English and Serbian speakers (2011 census[57]); 9,857 only Serbian speakers;[57] the 2011 census recorded 69,544 people of Serbian ancestry from which 20,267 were born in Serbia.[57]
 Argentina 5,000 (2010) Serbian nationals.[59] 5,000–7,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora in Argentina.[3] 30,000 Argentines of Serb descent.[60]
 United Arab Emirates 6,500 (2012 est.)[61]
 Brazil 3,107 (2012) Serbian immigrant residents. 6,000–8,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora[3]
 Venezuela 1,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora[3] 2,000 Venezuelans of Serb descent[62]
 New Zealand N/A 5,000–7,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora[3] 1,059 (2013) "Serbian ethnic group", residents[63]
 Libya N/A 2,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora[3]
 Syria N/A 200 Serbians prior to 2012 evacuation.[64]
 South Africa 153 (2013) Serbian immigrants (excl. Kosovo)[65] 20,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora[3] c. 30,000 ethnic Serbs (including by ancestry)[66]
 Mexico 98 (2009) Serbian residents[67] 1,000 (2007 MoD est.) Serbian diaspora[3]
 Botswana N/A c. >1,000[68] The main community of Serbs in Botswana is centered around Gaborone
 Kazakhstan 183 (1989)[69]
 Georgia 46 (1989)[70]
 Uzbekistan 26 (1989)[71]
 Kyrgyzstan 10 (1989)[72]
 Armenia 8 (1989)[73]
 Turkmenistan 8 (1989)[74]
 Azerbaijan 6 (1989)[75] See also Serbs in Azerbaijan.
 Tajikistan 4 (1989)[76]
 Zambia 24 24 Serbian Orthodox families (May 2009).[77]
 Philippines 200

Serbian diaspora by cities
Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.

See also

Annotations
  1. ^
    The 2017 Danish census listed 279 Danish citizens with Serbia as 'country of origin', 1,507 residents with Serbia as 'country of origin', 255 Danish citizens with Serbia and Montenegro as 'country of origin', 632 residents with Serbia and Montenegro as 'country of origin', 766 Danish citizens with FR Yugoslavia as 'country of origin', 1,070 residents with FR Yugoslavia as 'country of origin', 8,679 Danish citizens with Yugoslavia as 'country of origin', 6,411 residents with Yugoslavia as 'country of origin'.[96]
  2. ^
    309 (2016) Serbian-born (excl. Kosovo) immigrants,[97] 61 (2016) Serbian citizens,[98] 362 (2006–15) former Serbian, Icelandic citizens.[99] Not including data for Serbia and Montenegro and Yugoslavia.

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