Northern Shaanxi

Shaanbei (simplified Chinese: 陕北; traditional Chinese: 陝北; pinyin: Shǎnběi) or Northern Shaanxi is the portion of China's Shaanxi province north of the Huanglong Mountain and the Meridian Ridge (the so-called "Guanzhong north mountains"), and is both a geographic as well as a cultural area. It makes up the southeastern portion of the Ordos Basin and forms the northern part of the Loess Plateau. The region includes two prefectural cities of Yulin, which is known for the Ming Great Wall traversing through its northern part; and Yan'an, which is known as the birthplace of the Chinese Communist Revolution.

For the provinces of northern Shanxi, see Datong and Shuozhou.

Geography

Shaanbei is located in the northern edge of the Loess Plateau with a general elevation range of 800–1,300 metres (2,600–4,300 ft), occupying approximately 45% of the total area of Shaanxi. Elevation tends to increase from northwest to southeast. The northern portions degrade into the Ordos Desert, while the southern portions slope up into hills. Shaanbei is generally perceived to include all of Yulin and the northern half of Yan'an prefectures, while the mountainous southern Yan'an is based around the Luo River valley and regarded as part of the Guanzhong Basin.

Culture

Shaanbei culture includes a number of distinct art forms, such as its distinctive forms of folk singing,[1] waist-drums,[2] paper-cutting,[3] and a distinct form of painting known as "farmer painting".[4] The predominant language of Shaanbei is Jin Chinese, with the southern areas being a transition zone into Guanzhong dialect.

Shaanbei folk singing

Shaanbei's style of folk-singing is distinct from other types of folk singing throughout China, and has gained fame via a number of media depictions, such as in the 1984 film Yellow Earth.[1] The songs are typically about the struggles of rural life, such as poverty and arranged marriages.[1] Many of these folks songs are hundreds of years old, and passed down from generation to generation.[5]

Waist drums

Certain celebrations in Shaanbei are accompanied by dancers hoisting Ansai waist-drums called yaogu (腰鼓), small drums strapped to the front of the dancers' waist. This tradition gained national notoriety through the film Yellow Earth, which included a scene featuring over 150 real drummers from the region.[2][6]

Paper cutting

Paper cutting is another art-form traditional to the Shaanbei region, serving a number of different purposes.[3] In addition to beautifying the environment during important festivals, paper cut art also serves as a symbol of love and fertility during marriage, can be used to pay respects to various religious figures, incorporated into embroidery, or simply serve as toys.[3]

Farmer painting

Shaanbei farmer painting is a tradition hundreds of years old, dating back to dynastic promotion of painting.[4] These types of paintings often feature bright colors and depictions of animals.[4][7] Key characteristics of farmer painting is that it commonly takes on subjects specific to the local region, its emphasis on expression rather than adhering to specific rules, use of thick outlines of shapes, use of artist's conception, heavy usage of symbolism, and bright colors.[4]

See also

References
  1. "陕北民歌的黄土风韵探析 - 陕北说唱 - 安塞在线 | 安塞腰鼓,安塞腰鼓表演,安塞腰鼓教练,安塞剪纸,农民画,陕北民歌,信天游,陕北说书,陕北唢呐,陕北秧歌,陕北窑洞,陕北民俗". 2016-03-29. Archived from the original on 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  2. "安塞腰鼓：黄土文化艺术的奇葩 - 安塞腰鼓 - 安塞在线 | 安塞腰鼓,安塞腰鼓表演,安塞腰鼓教练,安塞剪纸,农民画,陕北民歌,信天游,陕北说书,陕北唢呐,陕北秧歌,陕北窑洞,陕北民俗". 2016-03-29. Archived from the original on 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  3. "安塞剪纸-陈山桥 - 安塞剪纸 - 安塞在线 | 安塞腰鼓,安塞腰鼓表演,安塞腰鼓教练,安塞剪纸,农民画,陕北民歌,信天游,陕北说书,陕北唢呐,陕北秧歌,陕北窑洞,陕北民俗". 2016-03-29. Archived from the original on 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  4. "安塞农民画 - 安塞农民画 - 安塞在线 | 安塞腰鼓,安塞腰鼓表演,安塞腰鼓教练,安塞剪纸,农民画,陕北民歌,信天游,陕北说书,陕北唢呐,陕北秧歌,陕北窑洞,陕北民俗". 2016-03-29. Archived from the original on 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  5. "A Secret Folk Music Holds Firm In China's Badlands". NPR.org. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  6. Leung, Helen Hok-Sze (2008). "Yellow Earth: Hesitant Apprenticeship and Bitter Agency". Chinese Films in Focus II: 258–264.
  7. "Farmer Painting -- Ansai's Three Strange Wonders - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Retrieved 2020-04-26.

37.4°N 109.6°E / 37.4; 109.6


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