Shaguma

The shaguma (赤熊, "red bear") was a type of headgear worn by the officers of the Imperial Japanese Army troops in the Boshin War (1868–69). The headgear was quite peculiar, being a sort of wig composed of long, dyed yak hair and held in place by a chin-strap.

Haguma (left) and shaguma (right) headdress
Duel between a shōgitai and shaguma-wearing jinshotai (迅衝隊) at the Battle of Ueno

Shaguma indicated officers from the Tosa Domain, whereas haguma (白熊, "white bear") indicated officers from the Chōshū Domain, and koguma (黒熊, "black bear") indicated officers from the Satsuma Domain. However, the elite jinshotai corps of Tosa were known to have worn the shaguma as well.

Today, headgear similar to the historical shaguma is also worn during processions such as the Gion Festival. Such headgear is sometimes thought to have been inspired by the "red hair" of the Dutch merchants who landed in Nagasaki during the time of sakoku.[1]

References
  1. Gonick, Gloria (2002). Matsuri! Japanese festival arts. p. 25. Shaguma are characters who appear annually in the Gion Matsuri procession. ... The red hair of the shaguma and their grandiose mannerisms are thought to have originally been inspired by the Dutch traders who arrived in Nagasaki.
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