Siege of Nice (1705)
The siege of Nice took place between 15 March 1705 and 4 January 1706 as part of the War of the Spanish Succession. It pitched the forces of Louis XIV of France against those of Victor Amadeus II of Savoy – the latter were led by the marquis of Caraglio.
| Siege of Nice | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of War of the Spanish Succession | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 France |
 Savoy | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Louis d'Aubusson de La Feuillade Duke of Berwick |
Marquis of Caraglio | ||||||
Course
French forces massed on the west bank of the River Var, giving warning of preparations for an invasion.[1] However, the Savoy stronghold at Nice did not prepare for a siege – at the end of the year, its powder reserves were sent to the Piedmont.[1]
In spring 1705 the French armies under the command of duc de La Feuillade laid siege to the imposing bastions and towers of the town of Nice. Its citadel and castle overlooked the town on a rocky spur, surrounded by a 2.3-kilometre and 8-metre-high (26 ft) wall. Inside this initial fortified line, a second higher and bigger wall flanked by towers marked the outline of the castle's citadel.
The French forces in the River Po plain posed a threat to Nice. A truce was concluded for six months, allowing reinforcements into Piedmont.[1] The duke of Berwick was sent to win the siege.[1] 113 cannon and mortars reduced Nice Castle to ruin after a 54-day bombardment. It was immediately razed "as if it had never existed" on the instructions of Louis XIV.[1]
Notes
- Jean-Loup Fontana, « Les capitulations des forts de Nice, Villefranche et Mont-Alban », Au cœur des Alpes : Utrecht, colloquim organised by the musée de Colmars, l’écomusée de la Roudoule, l’association Sabença de la Valeia, 14–16 September 2012. Actes à paraître en 2013