Six-bit character code

An early six-bit binary code was used for Braille, the reading system for the blind that was developed in the 1820s.

The earliest computers dealt with numeric data only, and made no provision for character data. Six-bit BCD, with several variants, was used by IBM on early computers such as the IBM 702 in 1953 and the IBM 704 in 1954.[1]^: p.35 Six-bit encodings were replaced by the 8-bit EBCDIC code starting in 1964, when System/360 standardized on 8-bit bytes. There are some variants of this type of code (see below).

Six-bit character codes generally succeeded the five-bit Baudot code and preceded seven-bit ASCII.

Six-bit codes could encode more than 64 characters by the use of Shift Out and Shift In characters, essentially incorporating two distinct 62-character sets and switching between them. For example, the popular IBM 2741 communications terminal supported a variety of character sets of up to 88 printing characters plus control characters.

Transmission of binary data over systems which are designed for text only can sometimes introduce problems. For example, email historically supported only 7-bit ASCII codes and would strip the 8th bit, thus corrupting binary data sent directly through any troublesome mail server. Other systems can cause issues by improperly interpreting control characters during storage or transmission. A number of schemes exist to pack 8-bit data into text-only representations which can pass through text mail systems, to be decoded at the destination. Examples of 6-bit character subsets used for packing binary data include Uuencode and Base64. These sets contain no control characters (only printable numbers, letters, some punctuation, and maybe space) and allow data to be transmitted over any medium which is also able to transmit human-readable text.

IBM, which dominated commercial data processing use a variety of six-bit codes, which were tied to the character set used on punched cards, see BCD (character encoding).

Other vendor character codes are shown below, with their Unicode equivalents.

The following table shows the arrangement of characters, with the hex value, corresponding ASCII character, Braille 6-bit codes (dot combinations), Braille Unicode glyph, and general meaning (the actual meaning may change depending on context).[6][7]

Hex ASCII Glyph Braille Dots Braille Glyph Braille Meaning 20 (space) (space) 21 ! 2-3-4-6 the 22 " 5 (contraction) 23 # 3-4-5-6 (number prefix) 24 $ 1-2-4-6 ed 25 % 1-4-6 sh 26 & 1-2-3-4-6 and 27 ' 3 ' 28 ( 1-2-3-5-6 of 29 ) 2-3-4-5-6 with 2A * 1-6 ch 2B + 3-4-6 ing 2C , 6 (uppercase prefix) 2D - 3-6 - 2E . 4-6 (italic prefix) 2F / 3-4 st 30 0 3-5-6 " 31 1 2 , 32 2 2-3 ; 33 3 2-5 : 34 4 2-5-6 . 35 5 2-6 en 36 6 2-3-5 ! 37 7 2-3-5-6 ( or ) 38 8 2-3-6 " or ? 39 9 3-5 in 3A : 1-5-6 wh 3B ; 5-6 (letter prefix) 3C < 1-2-6 gh 3D = 1-2-3-4-5-6 for 3E > 3-4-5 ar 3F ? 1-4-5-6 th

Hex ASCII Glyph Braille Dots Braille Glyph Braille Meaning 40 @ 4 (accent prefix) 41 A 1 a 42 B 1-2 b 43 C 1-4 c 44 D 1-4-5 d 45 E 1-5 e 46 F 1-2-4 f 47 G 1-2-4-5 g 48 H 1-2-5 h 49 I 2-4 i 4A J 2-4-5 j 4B K 1-3 k 4C L 1-2-3 l 4D M 1-3-4 m 4E N 1-3-4-5 n 4F O 1-3-5 o 50 P 1-2-3-4 p 51 Q 1-2-3-4-5 q 52 R 1-2-3-5 r 53 S 2-3-4 s 54 T 2-3-4-5 t 55 U 1-3-6 u 56 V 1-2-3-6 v 57 W 2-4-5-6 w 58 X 1-3-4-6 x 59 Y 1-3-4-5-6 y 5A Z 1-3-5-6 z 5B [ 2-4-6 ow 5C \ 1-2-5-6 ou 5D ] 1-2-4-5-6 er 5E ^ 4-5 (contraction) 5F _ 4-5-6 (contraction)

• Binary-coded decimal
• BCD (character encoding)
• CDC display code
• DEC RADIX 50 / MOD40
• IBM SQUOZE
• IBM Transcode
• ASCII
• Baudot code
• EBCDIC
• Unicode
• ANSI X3.64
• UTF-8
• UTF-16

• "Control Data 1604-C Computer Reference Manual" (PDF). (7.44 MB)
• "ECMA Standard for a 6 Bit Input/Output Character Code" (PDF). (1.53 MB)
• SIXBIT Character Code Reference Digital Equipment Corporation SIXBIT character coding system