Short I

Short I or Yot/Jot (Й й; italics: Й й) (sometimes called i-kratkoye, Russian: и-краткое, Ukrainian: йот) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.[1] It is made of the Cyrillic letter И with a breve.

For the sound in English sometimes represented by ĭ, see near-close near-front unrounded vowel.
Cyrillic letter S
Phonetic usage:[j]
The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
АА́А̀А̂А̄ӒБВ
ГҐДЂЃЕЕ́Ѐ
Е̄Е̂ЁЄЄ́ЖЗЗ́
ЅИІІ́ЇЇ́ꙆИ́
ЍИ̂ӢЙЈКЛЉ
МНЊОО́О̀О̂Ō
ӦПРСС́ТЋЌ
УУ́У̀У̂ӮЎӰФ
ХЦЧЏШЩꙎЪ
Ъ̀ЫЫ́ЬѢЭЭ́Ю
Ю́Ю̀ЯЯ́Я̀
Non-Slavic letters
ӐА̊А̃Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ́Ә̃
ӚВ̌ԜГ̑Г̇Г̣Г̌Г̂
Г̆Г̈ҔҒӺҒ̌Ӷ
Д́Д̌Д̈Д̣Д̆ӖЕ̃
Ё̄Є̈ҖӜӁЖ̣ҘӞ
З̌З̣З̆ԐԐ̈ӠИ̃Ӥ
ҊҚӃҠҞҜК̣Ԛ
ᴫЛ́ӅԮԒЛ̈Ӎᵸ
Н́ӉҢԨӇҤО̆О̃
Ӧ̄ӨӨ̄Ө́Ө̆ӪԤП̈
Р̌ҎС̌ҪС̣С̱Т́Т̈
Т̌Т̇Т̣ҬУ̃ӲУ̊
Ӱ̄ҰҮҮ́Х̣Х̱Х̮Х̑
Х̌ҲӼӾҺҺ̈ԦЦ̌
Ц̈ҴҶҶ̣ӴӋҸ
Ч̇Ч̣ҼҾШ̈Ш̣ꚜЫ̆
Ы̄ӸꚝҌҨЭ̆Э̄Э̇
ӬӬ́Ӭ̄Ю̆Ю̈Ю̈́Ю̄Я̆
Я̄Я̈Я̈́Ӏ
Archaic or unused letters
А̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧
Г̄Г̓Г̆Ҕ̀Ҕ̆ԀД̓
Д̀Д̨ԂꚀꙢЕ̇Е̨
Ж̀Ж̑ꙂꙄЏ̆
ꚄꚄ̆ꙀЗ̀З̑ԄԆꚈ
ԪꚂꚔІ̂І̣І̨
Ј̵Ј̃ꙈК̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆
К̑К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂
Л̀ԠꙤԈЛ̑Л̇Ԕ
М̀М̃ꙦН̀Н̄Н̧Н̃
ԊԢН̡ѺꙨꙪꙬꙮ
ꚘꚚП̓П̀П́П̧
ҦП̑ҀԚ̆Р́Р̀Р̃
ԖС̀С̈ԌҪ̓Т̓Т̀
ԎТ̑ꚊТ̧ꚌꚌ̆
ѸꙊУ̇У̨ꙋ́Ф̑
Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇Х̧Х̓
һ̱ѠꙌѼѾꙠЦ̀Ц́
Ц̓ꚎꚎ̆ꚐЧ́
Ч̀Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓ԬꚒ
ꚆꚆ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀Ш̆Ш̑Щ̆Ꚗ
Ꚗ̆ꙐЫ̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆
ꙒЭ̨Э̂ꙔЮ̂Ꙗ
Я̈Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦꙘѪ
ꙚѨꙜѬѮѰѲѴ
ѶꙞ
Yot, from Alexandre Benois' 1904 alphabet book

The short I represents the palatal approximant /j/ like the pronunciation of ⟨y⟩ in yesterday.

Depending on the romanization system in use and the Slavic language that is under examination, it can be romanized as ⟨y⟩, ⟨j⟩, ⟨i⟩ or ⟨ĭ⟩. For more details, see romanization of Russian, romanization of Ukrainian, romanization of Belarusian and romanization of Bulgarian.

History

Active use of ⟨Й⟩ (or, rather, the breve over ⟨И⟩) began around the 15th and 16th centuries. Since the middle of the 17th century, the differentiation between ⟨И⟩ and ⟨Й⟩ is obligatory in the Russian variant of Church Slavonic orthography (used for the Russian language as well). During the alphabet reforms of Peter I, all diacritic marks were removed from the Russian writing system, but shortly after his death, in 1735, the distinction between ⟨И⟩ and ⟨Й⟩ was restored.[2] ⟨Й⟩ was not officially considered a separate letter of the alphabet until the 1930s.

Because ⟨Й⟩ was considered to be a vowel and not a consonant, it was not required to take a hard sign when it came at the end of a word in pre-reform orthography.

Usage
Languageposition in
alphabet		name
Belarusian11thі нескладовае (i nieskladovaje, or "non-syllabic I")
Bulgarian10thи кратко (i kratko or "short I")
Russian11thи краткое (i kratkoye or "short I")
Ukrainian14thйот /jɔt/, й /ɪj/
Kazakh13thқысқа й /qysqa ɪ/ (qysqa i or "short I")

In Russian, it appears predominantly in diphthongs like /ij/ in широкий (shirokiy 'wide'), /aj/ in край (kray 'end', 'krai'), /ej/ in долей (doley 'portion'), /oj/ in горой (goroy 'mountain'), and /uj/ in буйство (buystvo 'rage').[3] It is used in other positions only in foreign words, such as Йopк (York, not with ⟨Ё⟩), including fellow Slavic words like Йовович (Yovovich).

In Kazakh, the letter is used to represent a short ɪ sound (e.g. берейік (tr. (Let us) give)). The letter, much like the other 11 Cyrillic letters, does not have another Latin version and merges with Ии (İi).

In Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian, the Cyrillic letter Јe is used to represent the same sound. Latin-based Slavonic writing systems, such as Polish, Czech and the Latin version of Serbo-Croatian use the Latin letter J (not the letter Y, as in English), for that purpose.

Contrastive use of Cyrillic kratka (for consonant [j]) and Latin breve (for short vowel [ĭ]) above и in Russian-Nenets dictionary

Note that breve in Й may be quite different from ordinary breve, the former having a thinner central part and thicker ends (the opposite holds for ordinary breve). This is often seen in serif fonts, cf. Й (Cyrillic Short I) and Ŭ (Latin U with breve).

Computing codes
Character information
PreviewЙй
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I
Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
Unicode1049U+04191081U+0439
UTF-8208 153D0 99208 185D0 B9
Numeric character referenceЙЙйй
Named character referenceЙй
KOI8-R and KOI8-U234EA202CA
Code page 855190BE189BD
Code page 86613789169A9
Windows-1251201C9233E9
ISO-8859-5185B9217D9
Macintosh Cyrillic13789233E9

References
  1. Franklin, Simon (2019-05-16). The Russian Graphosphere, 1450-1850. Cambridge University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-108-49257-7.
  2. Language dynamics in the early modern period. Karen Bennett, Angelo Cattaneo, Lingua Franca and Translation in the Early Modern Period (2018 : Lisbon, Portugal) "A host of tongues...": Multilingualism. New York, NY. 2022. ISBN 978-1-000-57461-6. OCLC 1287743631.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. Zhang, Xiangning; Zhang, Ruolin (July 2018). "Evolution of Ancient Alphabet to Modern Greek, Latin and Cyrillic Alphabets and Transcription between Them". Proceedings of the 2018 4th International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering (ESSAEME 2018). pp. 156–162. doi:10.2991/essaeme-18.2018.30. ISBN 978-94-6252-549-8. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  • The dictionary definition of Й at Wiktionary
  • The dictionary definition of й at Wiktionary
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