I with grave (Cyrillic)

I with grave (Ѝ ѝ; italics: Ѝ ѝ) is a character representing a stressed variant of the regular letter ⟨И⟩ in some Cyrillic alphabets, but none of them, whether modern or archaic, includes it as a separate letter.[1]

Cyrillic letter
I with grave
The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
АА́А̀А̂А̄ӒБВ
ГҐДЂЃЕЕ́Ѐ
Е̄Е̂ЁЄЄ́ЖЗЗ́
ЅИІІ́ЇЇ́ꙆИ́
ЍИ̂ӢЙЈКЛЉ
МНЊОО́О̀О̂Ō
ӦПРСС́ТЋЌ
УУ́У̀У̂ӮЎӰФ
ХЦЧЏШЩꙎЪ
Ъ̀ЫЫ́ЬѢЭЭ́Ю
Ю́Ю̀ЯЯ́Я̀
Non-Slavic letters
ӐА̊А̃Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ́Ә̃
ӚВ̌ԜГ̑Г̇Г̣Г̌Г̂
Г̆Г̈ҔҒӺҒ̌Ӷ
Д́Д̌Д̈Д̣Д̆ӖЕ̃
Ё̄Є̈ҖӜӁЖ̣ҘӞ
З̌З̣З̆ԐԐ̈ӠИ̃Ӥ
ҊҚӃҠҞҜК̣Ԛ
ᴫЛ́ӅԮԒЛ̈Ӎᵸ
Н́ӉҢԨӇҤО̆О̃
Ӧ̄ӨӨ̄Ө́Ө̆ӪԤҦ
П̈Р̌ҎС̌ҪС̣С̱Т́
Т̈Т̌Т̇Т̣ҬУ̃Ӳ
У̊Ӱ̄ҰҮҮ́Х̣Х̱Х̮
Х̑Х̌ҲӼӾҺҺ̈Ԧ
Ц̌Ц̈ҴҶҶ̣ӴӋ
ҸЧ̇Ч̣ҼҾШ̈Ш̣ꚜ
Ы̆Ы̄ӸꚝҌҨЭ̆Э̄
Э̇ӬӬ́Ӭ̄Ю̆Ю̈Ю̈́Ю̄
Я̆Я̄Я̈Я̈́Ӏ
Archaic or unused letters
А̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧
Г̄Г̓Г̆Ҕ̀Ҕ̆ԀД̓
Д̀Д̨ԂꚀꙢЕ̇Е̨
Ж̀Ж̑ꙂꙄЏ̆
ꚄꚄ̆ꙀЗ̀З̑ԄԆꚈ
ԪꚂꚔІ̂І̣І̨
Ј̵Ј̃ꙈК̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆
К̑К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂
Л̀ԠꙤԈЛ̑Л̇Ԕ
М̀М̃ꙦН̀Н̄Н̧Н̃
ԊԢН̡ѺꙨꙪꙬꙮ
ꚘꚚП̓П̀П́П̧
П̑ҀԚ̆Р́Р̀Р̃Ԗ
С̀С̈ԌҪ̓Т̓Т̀Ԏ
Т̑ꚊТ̧ꚌꚌ̆
ѸꙊУ̇У̨ꙋ́Ф̑Ф̓
Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇Х̧Х̓һ̱
ѠꙌѼѾꙠЦ̀Ц́Ц̓
ꚎꚎ̆ꚐЧ́Ч̀
Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓ԬꚒꚆ
Ꚇ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀Ш̆Ш̑Щ̆ꚖꚖ̆
ꙐЫ̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆Ꙓ
Э̨Э̂ꙔЮ̂ꙖЯ̈
Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦꙘѪꙚ
ѨꙜѬѮѰѲѴѶ
Ꙟ

South Slavic languages

Bulgarian and Macedonian

Most regularly ⟨Ѝ⟩ is used in Bulgarian and Macedonian languages to distinguish the short form of the indirect object ⟨ѝ⟩ ("her") from the conjunction ⟨и⟩ ("and", "also") or, less frequently, to prevent ambiguity in other similar cases.[2] If it is not available, the character ⟨ѝ⟩ is often replaced by an ordinary ⟨и⟩ (not recommended but still orthographically correct) or in Bulgarian by the letter ⟨й⟩ (formally considered a spelling error).[3]

Church Slavonic

Since the 17th century in the modern Russian recension of Church Slavonic, ⟨Ѝ⟩ and any other vowel with a grave accent is just an orthographic variant of the same letter with an acute accent when it is used as the last letter of a word.

Serbian

⟨Ѝ⟩ (as well as other vowels with an acute, grave, circumflex, or double grave accents) can be optionally used in Serbian texts to show one of four possible tones of the stressed syllable. In cases like прѝкупити ('to gather') vs. прику́пити ('to purchase more'), or ѝскуп ('redemption' 'ransom') vs. и̏скуп ('meeting'), the usage of diacritics can also prevent ambiguity. In the Latin Serbo-Croatian alphabet (the so-called Gajevica), all stress/tone marks are the same: Cyrillic ⟨Ѝ⟩ corresponds to Latin ⟨ì⟩, etc.

East Slavic languages

⟨Ѝ⟩ and any other vowel with grave accent can be found in older Russian and Ukrainian books as stressed variants of regular (unaccented) vowels until the early 20th century, like Russian вѝна ('wines') vs. вина̀ ('guilt'). Recently, East Slavonic typographies have begun using the acute accent (ви́на) instead of the grave accent (вина́) to denote stress.[4]

Stress marks are optional in East Slavic languages and are regularly used only in special books like dictionaries, primers, or textbooks for foreigners, as stress is very unpredictable in all three languages. However, in general texts, stress marks are hardly ever used and then mainly to prevent ambiguity or to show the pronunciation of foreign words.

Some modern Russian dictionaries use a grave accent to denote the secondary stress in compound words, with an acute accent for the main stress, like жѝзнеспосо́бный [ˌʐɨzʲnʲɪspɐˈsobnɨj] ('viable') (from жизнь [ˈʐɨzʲnʲ] 'life' and способный [spɐˈsobnɨj] 'capable').

"Decimal" I with grave

Cyrillic orthographies that have ⟨І⟩ (the so-called "decimal I" or "Ukrainian I") can use ⟨ì⟩ or ⟨í⟩ as its stressed variant in the modern Ukrainian and Belarusian, the old Russian or Serbian, and the Church Slavonic orthographies. The difference between ⟨ì⟩ and ⟨í⟩ is the same as that between ⟨ѝ⟩ and ⟨и́⟩.

Computing codes
Character information
PreviewЍѝ
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER
I WITH GRAVE		 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER
I WITH GRAVE
Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
Unicode1037U+040D1117U+045D
UTF-8208 141D0 8D209 157D1 9D
Numeric character referenceЍЍѝѝ

References
  1. "Как да пишем Ѝ?". 26 February 2020.
  2. "Cyrillic: No glyphs for Ѝ ѝ · Issue #10 · excalidraw/Virgil". GitHub.
  3. "Как да пишем Ѝ?". 18 August 2017.
  4. "Grave Accent".
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