2016 Syrian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Syria to elect the People's Council on 13 April 2016,[1] electing members for the 2016–2020 parliamentary term.

13 April 2016

All 250 seats in the Parliament of Syria
126 seats needed for a majority

	First party

Leader	Bashar al-Assad
Party	Ba'ath Party
Alliance	NPF
Last election	168
Seats won	200
Seat change	32

Speaker before election

Mohammad Jihad al-Laham
Ba'ath Party

Elected Speaker

Hadiya Khalaf Abbas
Ba'ath Party

Background

Amidst nearly five years of civil war and ensuing negotiations for a ceasefire, following the Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War and Syrian Arab Army gains, President Bashar al-Assad called the election.

At the time of the election, Idlib Governorate was almost entirely outside government control, as it was controlled by rebels. Raqqa Governorate and Deir ez-Zor Governorate were mostly occupied by ISIL. As such, elections did not take place in these provinces. Parts of Aleppo, Homs, and Daraa governorates were also held by anti-government forces at the time of the election. Rojava had also been semi-autonomous since the civil war began.

Electoral system

All 250 members of the People's Council were elected from 15 multi-member constituencies[2] in general tickets.

Constituency	Seats	Population (est. 2011)[3][4]
Damascus Governorate	29	1,754,000
Rif Dimashq Governorate	19	2,836,000
Aleppo (city)	20	2,132,100
Aleppo Governorate	32	2,735,900
Homs Governorate	23	1,803,000
Hama Governorate	22	1,628,000
Latakia Governorate	17	1,008,000
Idlib Governorate	18	1,501,000
Tartus Governorate	13	797,000
Raqqa Governorate	8	944,000
Deir ez-Zor Governorate	14	1,239,000
Al-Hasakah Governorate	14	1,512,000
Daraa Governorate	10	1,027,000
As-Suwayda Governorate	6	370,000
Quneitra Governorate	5	90,000
Total	250	21,377,000

Results

The Ba'ath Party-led National Progressive Front won 200 of the 250 seats, while the opposition inside and outside the country boycotted the elections; voter turnout was 57.56%. Two Armenians were elected to the People's Council.[5]



Party or alliance			Votes	%	Seats
	National Progressive Front	Ba'ath Party			172
		Syrian Social Nationalist Party			7
		Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)			3
		Socialist Unionist Party			2
		Arab Socialist Union Party			2
		Syrian Communist Party (Faisal)			1
		National Covenant Party			1
		NPF-affiliated independents			12
	Independents				50
Total					250

Total votes			5,085,444	–
Registered voters/turnout			8,834,994	57.56
Source: IPU

Reactions

Germany – Martin Schaefer, spokesman for the Foreign Ministry has announced that Germany would not accept the results of the election. He stated that "holding free and fair elections is simply impossible in the current situation, with all the refugees, in a full civil war situation."[6]
United States – John Kirby, spokesman for the United States Department of State has announced that the United States believes the elections to not be credible, fair or free. He cited the departure of many citizens as a result of the Syrian Civil War.[7]

References

"Syrian Arab Republic: Elections for Majlis al-Shaab (Syrian People's Council)". IFES Election Guide.
President Assad calls for parliamentary elections next April Archived 10 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine AMN, 22 February 2016
"Population estimates on 31 December 2011" (in Arabic). Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
"2004 census data" (in Arabic). Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
Hairenik (17 April 2016). "Two Armenians Elected to Syria's Parliament". Armenian Weekly.
"The Latest: Syrian opposition in Geneva lashes out at Assad". The Chronicle Herald.
"Syrian elections not credible or fair with Assad: US - the Journal of Turkish Weekly". Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.

Elections and referendums in Syria
Presidential elections	1949 1953 1958 1971 1978 1985 1991 1999 2000 2007 2014 2021
Parliamentary elections	1919 1923 1926 1928 1931 1932 1936 1943 1947 1949 1953 1954 1961 1973 1977 1981 1986 1990 1994 1998 2003 2007 2012 2016 2020
Local elections	2011 2018 2022
Referendums	1949 1953 1958 1961 1971 1973 2012

Syrian civil war

Overviews

Main overviews	Syria Rojava Syrian civil war Timeline Background and causes Syrian peace process Syrian government reactions Belligerents Inter-rebel conflict Spillover Cities and towns Sectarianism and minorities Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)
Effects and ongoing concerns	Casualties of the Syrian civil war Refugees of the Syrian civil war Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war
Phases and processes	Syrian revolution Early insurgency phase 2012–2013 escalation Ceasefires Syrian peace process
World reaction	International reactions to the Syrian civil war Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
Specific groups and countries	Russian involvement Russian intervention Turkish involvement Turkish occupation of northern Syria Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria American intervention in the Syrian civil war Kurdish Area in Syria Syrian Democratic Forces Rojava conflict U.S. task force
Agreements and dialogues	Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

Timeline

Background

2011
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2012
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2013
Jan–Apr
May–Dec

2014
Jan–Jul
Aug–Dec

2015
Jan–Jul
Aug–Dec

2016
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2017
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2018
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2019
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2020
Jan–Dec

2021
Jan–Dec

2022
Jan–Dec

2023
Jan-Dec

Spillover

Israel and Golan Heights:	March 2017 incident February 2018 incident May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents
Iraq:	Akashat ambush Operation al-Shabah April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike
Jordanian border incidents	April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike
Lebanon:	Lebanese border clashes Battle of Sidon Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut North Lebanon clashes Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)
Turkey:	December 2011 Turkish border clash 2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 2012 Turkish border clashes 2013 Reyhanlı car bombings January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria Assassination of Andrei Karlov Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 2020 Balyun airstrikes Operation Spring Shield
Elsewhere:	Deir ez-Zor missile strike (Iran)

Belligerents

Syria

Politics of Syria	Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region Syrian Social Nationalist Party Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Communist Party
Military and militias	Syrian Armed Forces Syrian Resistance PFLP-GC al-Quds Brigade Palestine Liberation Army
Foreign support	Hezbollah involvement Iranian involvement Liwa Fatemiyoun Russian involvement medical facility targeting military intervention Wagner Group Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition Popular Mobilization Forces

Opposition

Interim government	National Coalition Local Coordination Committees Syrian National Council Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change Syrian Revolution General Commission Syrian Support Group Adopt a Revolution Syrian Patriotic Group
Opposition militias	Syrian National Army Free Syrian Army National Front for Liberation Army of Glory Authenticity and Development Front Army of Free Tribes Revolutionary Commando Army Muslim Brotherhood in Syria Grey Wolves
Foreign support	American-led intervention Jordanian intervention Qatar Saudi Arabia Turkey

Autonomous Administration
of North and East Syria

DFNS Government	Democratic Union Party Kurdish National Council Smaller political parties
SDF militias	People's Protection Units Women's Protection Units Anti-Terror Units Al-Sanadid Forces Army of Revolutionaries SDF military councils Syriac Military Council Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa Northern Democratic Brigade
Support	Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Kurdistan Workers' Party International Freedom Battalion Sinjar Resistance Units Êzîdxan Women's Units

Islamists

Islamic State	Military activity of ISIL Dokumacılar Khalid ibn al-Walid Army Liwa al-Aqsa Group of the One and Only Liwa Dawud
al-Qaeda and allies	Tahrir al-Sham Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria Caucasus Emirate Ajnad al-Kavkaz Junud al-Makhdi Malhama Tactical Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan

People

Elections	2011 local elections 2012 parliamentary election 2014 presidential election 2015 Northern local elections 2016 parliamentary election 2017 Northern local elections 2017 Northern regional elections 2018 local elections 2020 parliamentary election 2021 presidential election
Issues	Casualties Cities and towns Chemical weapons Damaged heritage sites Foreign involvement Human rights violations Humanitarian aid International demonstrations and protests International reactions Massacres Refugees Sectarianism and minorities Status of the Golan Heights Spillover in Lebanon Syrian government reactions
Peace process	Arab League monitors Friends of Syria Group Kofi Annan peace plan UN supervision mission Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan U.S.–Russia peace proposals 39th G8 summit UN Security Council Resolution 2118 Geneva II conference 2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement Vienna talks 2016 Geneva talks Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal Syrian Constitutional Committee
War crimes trials	Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany
Related topics	Exclusive mandate Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference International recognition of the Syrian National Council Syria Files Syrian detainee report Syrian media coverage 2015 European migrant crisis Syrian civil war in popular culture

Category

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