Tāme Iti

Tāme Wairere Iti (born 1952) is a New Zealand Māori activist, artist, actor and social worker. Of Ngāi Tūhoe descent, Iti rose to prominence as a member of the protest group Ngā Tamatoa in 1970s Auckland, becoming a key figure of the Māori protest movement and the Māori renaissance. Since then, he has become a renowned activist for the rights of Māori and the process of co-governance and decolonisation.

Tāme Iti
Iti in 2009
Born
Tāme Wairere Iti

1952 (age 70–71)
Rotorua, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand
Occupations
  • Activist
  • artist
  • social worker
Years active1972–present
Political partyMāori Party
Spouse
Ann Fletcher
​
(before 1980)​
PartnerMarian Steel (since 1997)
Children3
AwardsArts Foundation Laureate Award

A native speaker of Te Reo Māori, Iti grew up at Ruatoki in Te Urewera, where he was barred from speaking Māori in school due to the government's anti-Māori language policy of the time.[1][2] In the 1960s and 1970s Iti was involved in protests against the Vietnam War and apartheid in South Africa, and in many Māori protest actions as a member of Ngā Tamatoa. He is also known for his stalwart support of Tūhoe culture and tribal identity. Iti has stood unsuccessfully for the New Zealand Parliament on four occasions. Iti is known for his provocative style of protest and multidisciplinary art, which occasionally has courted controversy, and his distinctive dress. He often wears tailored shirts or coats, as well as top and bowler hats.[3][1]

In recent years, Iti has become more widely known for his art, which often carries a political message supporting Māori or Tūhoe rights; in 2022 he received a Laureate Award from the Arts Foundation of New Zealand for his works. He also co-produced and starred in the film Muru, inspired by the events of the 2007 police raids and by the Crown's historic treatment of Tūhoe. In 2022 he presented an art exhibition I Will Not Speak Māori as part of the 50th anniversary celebrations of the 1972 Māori language petition. For his extensive activism in support of tino rangatiratanga, indigenous rights and the Māori language, Iti has been described by Wellington City Council as a national treasure.[4]

Early life, family and career

Iti was born in 1952.[5] He descends from the iwi of Ngāi Tūhoe, but also has links with the Waikato iwi of Ngāti Wairere and Ngāti Hauā, and with Te Arawa.[6] Told he was born on a train near Rotorua, Iti was raised by his great-granduncle and aunt, Hukarere and Te Peku Purewa, in the custom known as whāngai (adoption within the same family) on a farm at Ruatoki in the Urewera area. The couple had also raised his father, and Iti calls them his grandparents.[6][7] He says that at the age of 10 his school headmaster (himself Māori) forbade pupils to speak the Māori language at school.[7] On leaving school, he took up an apprenticeship in painting and decorating after completing a year-long Māori trade training scheme in Christchurch.[8] During his time in Christchurch he was a local wrestling champion and had the opportunity to represent New Zealand at the 1974 Commonwealth Games, but did not take it due to his growing interest in activism.[8]

In the mid-1980s Iti worked in addiction services supporting young Māori in Ruatoki.[3] He worked as a radio DJ in the 1990s.[7][3] He was a partner in a restaurant on Auckland's Karangahape Road that served traditional Māori food. The alcohol-free restaurant, which incorporated an art gallery, opened in 1999[9] but closed within a year.[10] Iti was employed by Tūhoe Hauora, a health service, for several years in the 2000s as a social worker dealing with drug and alcohol problems.[11][12] He has three children; two sons with his first wife, Ann Fletcher, who he was married to for six years in the 1970s, and a son through whāngai adoption.[7][3] He has been with his long-term partner, Maria Steens, since 1997.[3][13]

Activism and political work

As the Māori nationalist movement grew in New Zealand in the late 1960s and 1970s, Iti became involved. He protested against the Vietnam War and apartheid in South Africa, and was involved with Ngā Tamatoa, a Māori protest group of the 1970s, from its early days.[7] He first featured in news reports in 1972, when he put up his father's tent on the New Zealand Parliament grounds and called it the "Māori Embassy", as part of a Ngā Tamatoa protest about Māori land alienation.[8] He joined the Communist Party of New Zealand, and went to China in 1973 during the Cultural Revolution.[7] He has taken part in a number of land occupations and was part of the Māori land march to the New Zealand Parliament in 1975.[8]

Iti's activism has often intertwined with his artistic career; Iti sees his activism as a form of art.[14] In the mid-1990s, Iti set up a collaborative gallery called the Tūhoe Embassy, where artwork was sold to fundraise for Tūhoe self-determination. His ability to court controversy has made him a frequent feature in New Zealand news media. He has a full facial moko, and an article for Stuff describes him as having "one of the most recognisable faces in Aotearoa".[14] He is also known for wearing top and bowler hats,[3][1] and for performing whakapohane (baring his buttocks) at protests.[15] In 2016, he said: "Over time, I had to get smart about how to exercise my political consciousness, and I discovered that art is probably the safest way I'm able to do that."[16]

Iti stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as a candidate of Mana Māori in the 1996,[17] 1999 and 2002 New Zealand general elections, and for the Māori Party in 2014.[18] In 2015 Iti gave a talk for TEDx Auckland about his years of activism.[8][19] In 2019 he was activist-in-residence for a week at Massey University, as part of which he held a public talk and a workshop, and released a paper on decolonialisation.[20] In 2021 and 2022 he spoke out in support of the COVID-19 vaccine, and criticised participants of the early 2022 Wellington protest.[21][22][23][24]

2005 firearms charge

On 16 January 2005 during a pōwhiri (greeting ceremony) that formed part of a Waitangi Tribunal hearing, Iti fired a shotgun into a flag (reportedly an Australian flag, which he used as a substitute for the New Zealand flag) in close proximity to a large number of people.[25] Iti explained this act as reference to the 1860s East Cape War:[26] "We wanted them to feel the heat and smoke, and Tūhoe outrage and disgust at the way we have been treated for 200 years.".[25] The incident was filmed by television crews but initially ignored by police. The matter was raised in Parliament, with an opposition member of Parliament asking "why Tāme Iti can brandish a firearm and gloat about how he got away with threatening judges on the Waitangi Tribunal, without immediate arrest and prosecution".[27] The police subsequently charged Iti with unlawfully possessing and firing a shotgun in a public place.[28]

The trial occurred in June 2006, and Iti elected to give evidence in Māori (his first language). He said that he was following the Tūhoe custom of making noise with tōtara poles. Tūhoe kaumātua said that the tribe had disciplined Iti and had clarified that guns were not to be fired in anger on the marae, but that they could be fired in honour of ancestors and those who fought in war[28] (in a manner culturally equivalent to the firing of a gun salute on ceremonial occasions in Western culture).[29] Judge Chris McGuire said: "It was designed to intimidate unnecessarily and shock. It was a stunt, it was unlawful."[30] Iti was convicted on both charges and fined for the offences. Iti attempted to sell the flag he shot on the TradeMe auction site to pay the fine and his legal costs, but the sale was withdrawn by TradeMe following complaints.[30] It was later put up for sale again by politics blog Tumeke.[31]

Iti lodged an appeal in which his lawyer, Annette Sykes, argued that Crown law did not stretch to the ceremonial area in front of a marae's wharenui. On 4 April 2007, the Court of Appeal overturned his convictions for unlawfully possessing a firearm. While recognising that events occurred in "a unique setting", the court did not agree with Sykes' submission about Crown law. However Justices Hammond, O'Regan and Wilson found that his prosecutors failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that Iti's actions caused "requisite harm" under section 51 of the Arms Act. The Court of Appeal described Iti's protest as "a foolhardy enterprise" and warned him not to attempt anything similar again.[32][33]

2007 police raids
Main article: 2007 New Zealand police raids

Iti was one of 17 people arrested by police on 15 October 2007 in a series of raids under the Terrorism Suppression Act and the Firearms Act, carried out in Te Urewera and around New Zealand.[34][35][36] He was in Whakatāne with his partner at the time of the raids.[14] In September 2011 most of the alleged terrorists originally arrested with Iti had all terrorism and firearms charges dropped. Iti and three others were charged with belonging to a criminal group. The trial was held in February and March 2012, and Iti was found guilty on six firearms charges.[37] On the most substantial charge of belonging to a criminal group, the jury could not reach a verdict, even when invited by the judge to reach a majority verdict of ten to one.[38] The Crown decided not to proceed with a second trial.[39] Justice Rodney Hansen sentenced Iti to a two-and-a-half-year prison term on 24 May 2012.[40]

In October 2012 Iti and the three other defendants lost an appeal to the Court of Appeal against their sentences. Iti's son Wairere Iti said his father was "not overly surprised" by the outcome.[41] Iti's application for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court was dismissed.[42] He was granted parole in February 2013, having served nine months of his sentence,[43] and released from prison on the morning of 27 February 2013. Prison staff described him as a "role model prisoner".[44] Iti said he enjoyed his time inside, working as a mechanic and working on his art and writing.[45]

Art

Performance and installation

Iti performed a lead role in the Tempest dance theatre production by MAU, a New Zealand contemporary dance company, directed by Samoan choreographer Lemi Ponifasio. The Tempest premiered in Vienna in June 2007. Tempest II was performed at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, Southbank Centre, London in June 2008. Because of Iti's arrest as part of the 2007 raids, Ponifasio had to convince the New Zealand High Court to relax his bail conditions and allow him to travel on the 2008 tour.[3] Affidavits in support of MAU from international arts organisations were submitted as evidence to the High Court. Iti was permitted to travel for the tour.[46] Tempest: Without a Body made its New Zealand premiere at the Auckland Festival in March 2009.[47]

Iti is also a painter, sculptor carver, and has said of his involvement in art: "As a late starter, I had no idea that art would be such an intricate part of where I am and it's been quite a journey."[48][14] He uses mainly acrylic or oil paint, and his paintings often feature large groups of people or silhouettes. He has exhibited at galleries in Auckland, Christchurch and Ōtaki.[3]

In September 2022, Iti received an Arts Foundation of New Zealand Laureate Award for excellence in multidisciplinary art (the Burr/Tatham Trust Award).[49] The same month, he presented an art installation called I Will Not Speak Māori as part of Te Hui Ahurei Reo Māori, a festival commemorating 50 years since the 1972 Māori language petition was presented to Parliament by Ngā Tamatoa and other groups (which led to the establishment of Te Wiki o te Reo Māori). The title comes from Iti's childhood experiences of being forbidden to speak Māori at school. The installation involves various aspects including steel sculptures, a livestreamed pōhiri performance by Iti, projection of Iti writing "I will not speak Māori", with the "not" crossed out, on the walls of Te Papa, a painting installation with the same words on the Wellington waterfront, and a nationwide poster campaign.[50][51][52][1] When the painting installation was first installed, a member of the public cut out the "not" from the phrase; Iti said in response, "I want to meet that person, I want to shake their hand, because that's all part of the art ... that's what art is about, and I love that."[1] The Wellington City Council describes him as "a national treasure and an icon of Māoridom... his work spans half a century, and has seen him become a household name."[53]

On 20 September 2022, Iti corrected his own name using orange paint on an 2008 painting by Dean Proudfoot displayed at the QT Hotel in Wellington. Proudfoot had misspelled Iti's name as Tama. Chris Parkin, owner of the artwork, described Iti's actions as "vandalism". Proudfoot apologised for the error and said Iti's correction had "given the work a new life with a far more powerful meaning".[54]

Film and television

In 2008, Iti featured with his son Toikairakau (Toi) Iti in the New Zealand documentary Children of the Revolution (2008)[55] which screened on Māori Television in April of the same year. Children of the Revolution is about the children of political activists in New Zealand and also featured anti-apartheid leader John Minto and his teenage son; Green Party member of Parliament Sue Bradford and her journalist daughter Katie Azania Bradford; Māori Party member of Parliament Hone Harawira and his wife Hilda Harawira with their daughter Te Whenua Harawira (organiser of the 2004 Seabed and Foreshore Land March) and musician and former political prisoner Tigilau Ness with his son, hip hop artist Che Fu.[56] The documentary was directed by Makerita Urale and produced by Claudette Hauiti and Māori production company Front of the Box Productions. The documentary won Best Māori language Programme at the New Zealand Qantas Television Awards (now called Qantas Film & Television Awards) in 2008.[57]

Iti worked together with the Ngāi Tūhoe community and director Tearepa Kahi to create the feature film Muru (2022), an action-drama film inspired by the Tūhoe raids. Iti co-produced the film and starred as himself.[58][59] Iti has said the movie features events from the raids as well as by the Crown's overall history with Tūhoe; it is an artistic response to what Iti describes as "200 years of police oppression towards the Māori people", rather than a direct adaptation of the raids.[50][14]

In September 2023 Iti was announced as one of the 18 cast members of Celebrity Treasure Island 2023.[60]

References
  1. Brebner, Paddy (26 August 2022). "'I Will Not Speak Māori': Tame Iti's provocative new artwork creates a splash". Stuff. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  2. "Remembering the Māori Language Petition and the revival of te reo Māori". RNZ. 13 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  3. Warnock, Ann (February 2016). "At home with Tāme Iti: Explore the vegetable gardens, sunflowers and art studio of a Tūhoe activist". This NZ Life. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  4. "I Will Not Speak Māori Exhibition". www.wellingtonnz.com. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  5. "Iti, Tame Wairere, 1952–". The National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  6. "Tame Iti, the Ngai Tuhoe ambassador". ngaituhoe.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  7. Masters, Catherine (28 May 2005). "Tame Iti – the face of Māori nationalism". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  8. Kerr, Florence; Taylor, Mark (November 2020). "Tame Iti: 50 years of newsmaking". Stuff. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  9. "Activist opens restaurant with Māori flavour". The Dominion. NZPA. 1 May 1999.
  10. "Muttonbird a la Tuhoe no longer dining-out option". The National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  11. Simon Collins (20 October 2007). "Tame Iti was on Government payroll". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  12. Masters, Catherine (21 March 2012). "'Untrue' guerrilla claims go back to 1980s, says Iti". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  13. Wall, Tony (21 October 2007). "The accidental terrorist - Tame Iti's story". Stuff. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  14. Kerr, Florence (28 August 2022). "Tame Iti says it wasn't easy to play himself in new film Muru about the 2007 anti-terror raids". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  15. Cupples, Julie; Glynn, Kevin (20 August 2019). "The celebritization of indigenous activism: Tame Iti as media figure" (PDF). International Journal of Cultural Studies: 16. doi:10.1177/1367877919854179.
  16. Boreham, Kay (November 2016). "Iti & Son". Plenty. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  17. "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  18. Te Kāea (24 August 2014). "Tame Iti to stand as list candidate for Māori Party". Māori Television. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  19. "Review: Taame Iti – Mana, the power in knowing who you are". Te Putatara. 6 August 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  20. "Activist Tāme Iti to take up residence at Massey". Manawatū Standard. 7 March 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  21. Ferguson, Susie (10 February 2022). "Covid-19: Tame Iti on protestors at Parliament". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  22. Black, Taroi (23 October 2021). "'Freedom? People are dying worldwide'". Te Ao Māori News. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  23. Forbes, Mihingarangi (16 November 2011). "Covid-19: Tame Iti on protestors at Parliament". Newshub. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  24. Tyson, Jessica (8 March 2022). "Tame Iti told he's a kūpapa, sellout for ducking Wellington protests". Te Ao Māori News. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  25. "Tame Iti shooting a flag, 2005". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 20 April 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  26. Johnston, Tim (22 October 2007). "Anti-terror raids cause turmoil in New Zealand". New York TImes. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  27. "Govt commitment to ending race privilege doubtful". Scoop Independent News. Act New Zealand. 18 January 2005. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  28. Rowan, Juliet (14 June 2006). "Tame Iti given his day in marae court". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  29. "Iti's marae gunfire like 'a royal salute'". The New Zealand Herald. 15 June 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  30. "Iti may appeal guilty verdict". TVNZ. 30 June 2006. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  31. "Tumeke.blogspot.com puts Iti flag on own auction". Scoop Independent News. 1 July 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  32. Hazelhurst, Sophie (4 April 2007). "Wrangle over firearm charges 'ridiculous' – Tame Iti". The New Zealand Herald. Auckland. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
  33. "Tame Iti feels vindicated". Newstalk ZB. 4 April 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
  34. "Nationwide anti-terrorism raids, 14 arrested". The New Zealand Herald. 15 October 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  35. "NZ police hold 17 in terror raids". BBC. 15 October 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  36. "Urewera Four trial: Boys to be witnesses", 15 February 2012, The Dominion.
  37. "Urewera verdict: Tame Iti guilty on six charges". 3 News NZ. 20 March 2012. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013.
  38. Gay, Edward (20 March 2012). "Urewera trial: Guilty of firearms charges, hung jury on conspiracy". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  39. Gay, Edward (8 May 2012). "'Urewera Four' will not be re-tried". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  40. "'Urewera Four' pair jailed". stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  41. "Iti's son 'not overly surprised' by appeal rejection". 3 News NZ. 30 October 2012.
  42. "Tama Wairere Iti v The Queen - SC 90/2012". Ngā Kōti o Aotearoa | Courts of New Zealand. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  43. Gay, Edward (14 February 2013). "Tame Iti granted parole". The New Zealand Herald.
  44. "Tame Iti leaves prison on parole". 3 News NZ. 27 February 2013.
  45. "'Firearms part of my culture' – Tame Iti". 3 News NZ. 27 February 2013.
  46. "High Court Allows Tame Iti To Travel To Europe". Scoop News. 4 May 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  47. "Welcome to Auckland Festival". Archived from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
  48. Poi-Ngawhika, Tamara (5 September 2022). "You don't need an arts degree to be an artist, says Tuhoe activist Tame Iti". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  49. Jack, Amberleigh (3 September 2022). "Lindah Lepou and Tame Iti among 2022 Arts Foundation Te Tumu Toi laureates". Stuff. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  50. "Tame Iti: 'It's time to put that aside'". Radio New Zealand. 3 September 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  51. "I Will Not Speak Māori". Wellington NZ. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  52. "Tame Iti shares his journey through new art exhibition". 1 News. 1 September 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  53. "I Will Not Speak Māori Exhibition". www.wellingtonnz.com. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  54. Chumko, André (21 September 2022). "Tāme Iti corrects his name on an artwork, owner decries 'vandalism'". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  55. "Children of the Revolution". NZ On Screen. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  56. "Documentary – Children of the Revolution". Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
  57. "2008 Winners, Qantas Film & Television awards". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008.
  58. Husband, Dale (18 October 2021). "Te Arepa Kahi – Director of Muru". Radio Waatea. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  59. "Muru". NZ On Screen. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  60. Mortimer, Jenni (3 September 2023). "Celebrity Treasure Island: Meet the cast of TVNZ's most star-studded season yet". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  • Tame Iti at Whenua Fenua Enua Vanua, 26 June 2007
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.