Co-operative Party

The Co-operative Party (Welsh: Y Blaid Gydweithredol) is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom, supporting co-operative values and principles. Established in 1917, the Co-operative Party was founded by co-operative societies to campaign politically for the fairer treatment of co-operative enterprise and to elect 'co-operators' to Parliament. The party's roots lie in the Parliamentary Committee of the Co-operative Union established in 1881.

Co-operative Party
General SecretaryJoe Fortune
Chair of the NECJim McMahon
Founded17 October 1917 (1917-10-17)
Headquarters83 Crampton Street
London SE17 3BQ
Youth wingCo-operative Party Youth
Membership (2022)Increase 13,194[1]
IdeologyCo-operatism
Social democracy
British unionism[2][3]
Pro-Europeanism[4]
Political positionCentre-left
Affiliate partyLabour Party
(Labour and Co-operative Party)
Colours  Purple
House of Commons[5]
27 / 650
House of Lords[5]
16 / 778
Scottish Parliament[5]
11 / 129
Senedd[5]
16 / 60
Local Government[5]
938 / 19,698
London Assembly
11 / 25
PCCs and PFCCs[5]
7 / 39
Directly elected mayors[5]
5 / 25
Website
party.coop

Since 1927, the Co-operative Party has had an electoral pact with the Labour Party, with the parties agreeing not to stand candidates against each other. Candidates selected by members of both parties contest elections using the description of Labour and Co-operative Party.[6] The Co-operative Party is a legally separate entity from the Labour Party, and is registered as a political party with the Electoral Commission.[7] Co-operative Party members are not permitted to be members of any other political party in the UK apart from the Labour Party or Northern Ireland's Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP).

The Co-operative Party is de jure the fourth-largest party in the House of Commons with 25 Members of Parliament; however, as all of its MPs sit in the Parliamentary Labour Party, this distinction is seldom made. It also has representatives in the House of Lords, the Scottish Parliament, the Senedd, the London Assembly and local government.

In keeping with its co-operative values and principles, the Co-operative Party does not have a leader. Instead Joe Fortune serves as General Secretary, Preet Kaur Gill serves as Chair of the Co-operative Party Parliamentary Group, and Jim McMahon as Chair of the National Executive Committee.

History

The Co-operative Party was formed in 1917 after being approved by the May Congress of the British co-operative movement held in Swansea.[8][9] Since an electoral pact established in 1927, the party has stood joint candidates with the Labour Party.[10] In 1938, a written constitution was adopted by the Co-operative Party which formalised links between the two parties; further, in 1946, Co-operative candidates first stood in elections under the Labour Co-operative banner.[8][11]

In its formative years, the Co-operative Party was almost exclusively concerned with the trading and commercial problems of the co-operative movement. Since the 1930s, it has widened its emphasis, using influence gained through strong links with the political and commercial left to spread what it sees as co-operative ethos and moral principles. The basic principles underpinning the party are to seek recognition for co-operative enterprises, recognition for the social economy, and to advance support for co-operatives and co-operation across Europe and the developing world. The party stands for a sustainable economy and society, a culture of citizenship and socially responsible business represented by the practice of retail and industrial co-operatives. The Co-operative Party seeks to advance its agenda through the Parliamentary Labour Party, with whom it shares common values.

Joint Parliamentary Committee

The Joint Parliamentary Committee was set up in 1881 by The Co-operative Union. It was primarily a watchdog on parliamentary activities. Issues and legislation could be raised in the House of Commons only by lobbying sympathetic – usually Labour – MPs. As it was somewhat unsatisfactory to have to lobby MPs on each individual issue, motions were passed at the Co-operative Union Annual Congress urging direct parliamentary representation. However, for much of this early period societies would not commit funds.

First World War and early years

At the start of the war, the many retail societies in the co-operative movement grew in both membership and trade; this was due, in part, because of their very public anti-profiteering stance. When conscription was introduced and food and fuel supplies restricted, these societies began to suffer. The movement was under-represented on the various governmental distribution committees and tribunals. Co-operatives received minimal supplies and even management were often drafted, whereas business opponents were able to have even clerks declared vital for the war effort. Societies were also required to pay excess profits tax, although their co-operative nature meant they made no profits.

A motion was tabled at the 1917 Congress held in Swansea by the Joint Parliamentary Committee and 104 retail societies, calling for direct representation at national and local government levels. The motion was passed by 1979 votes to 201.[8]

At first, Co-operative Party candidates still stood separately from Labour in local elections. The Co-op Party’s Congress Reports listed the local authority candidates and their successes, listing them as (a) Co-operative, (b) Co-operative-Labour, or (c) Labour.[12] Before 1946, there was no requirement that Co-operative Party candidates had also to be members of the Labour Party.[13]

The Co-op Party presented itself as the representative of the members of its affiliated Co-operative Societies. Hence the Party claimed more than 11 million members in each of the six years 1962-67.[14]

At times, the Party presented itself as non-political. In his 1932 election address, High Wycombe’s first-elected Co-operative Party councillor Tom Collings wrote, ‘The Chesham and Wycombe Co-operative Society, as one of the largest ratepayers in the town, claims the right of DIRECT REPRESENTATION ON THE COUNCIL. […] Our Co-operative Party is not affiliated to any Political Party, but like the [Co-operative] Society itself, is composed of members having divers political views'.[15]

October 1932 election address of Tom Collings - High Wycombe Borough Council

Central Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee

An Emergency Political Conference was held on 18 October 1917. As a result, the Central Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee was formed in 1917, with the objective of putting co-operators into the House of Commons. This was soon renamed the Co-operative Party. The first national secretary was Samuel Perry, later a Member of Parliament and the father of Fred Perry.[16]

At first, the party put forward its own candidates. The first was H. J. May, later Secretary of the International Co-operative Alliance, who was unsuccessful at the January 1918 Prestwich by-election. Ten then stood in the 1918 general election.[8] One candidate met with success, Alfred Waterson, who became a Member of Parliament for the Kettering seat. Waterson took the Labour whip in Parliament. In 1919, 151 Co-operative Party councillors were elected at local level. Waterson retired from Parliament in 1922, but four new Co-operative MPs were elected that same year, including A. V. Alexander, all of whom took the Labour whip. Six were elected in 1923 and five in 1924.

In the early years, Co-operative Party and Labour Party candidates stood against one another for election on at least one occasion, at Paisley in 1923, where a Labour candidate won enough votes to deny victory to J. M. Biggar of the Co-operative Party.[17]

However, since the 1927 Cheltenham Agreement, the party has had an electoral agreement with the Labour Party, which allows for a limited number of Labour Co-operative candidates. This means that the parties involved do not oppose each other. The agreement has been amended several times, most recently in 2003, which was made in the name of the Co-operative Party rather than the Co-operative Union. After the formal agreement, nine Labour Co-operative MPs were elected at the 1929 general election, and Alexander was made a cabinet minister. However, only one was returned at the 1931 election against the backdrop of a massive defeat for Labour.

Co-operative Party logo used until February 2019

The rise of the sister party

Labour's recovery as a credible party of government during World War II and the formal links and local affiliations brought by the 1927 agreement saw benefits electorally for the Co-operative Party. In 1945, 23 Labour Co-operative MPs were elected and two held high office in the Labour government – Alexander and Alfred Barnes, who had been chair of the party.

But with Labour's fluctuating fortunes and the slow post-war decline of the co-operative movement, the party saw its influence and standing fall. By 1983, another nadir for Labour fortunes, only eight Labour Co-operative MPs were elected.

However, in 1997, all 23 candidates won seats in Parliament and, after Labour assumed power, the party gained its first members of the Cabinet since A. V. Alexander: Alun Michael 1998–99 (later First Minister for Wales) and Ed Balls 2007–2010. In 2001, only one candidate was defeated: Faye Tinnion, who had stood against the Leader of the Conservative Party, William Hague.

Organisation and structure

The purpose of the Party

is to promote co-operative and mutual forms of economic, social and voluntary organisation, which are based on the principles of mutual ownership and democratic control, and to support political action in pursuance of the Values and Principles of the Co-operative Movement in the UK and internationally as defined from time to time by the International Co-operative Alliance.

Co-operative Party Rule Book 2022[18]

The Co-operative Party is a membership organisation consisting of individual members as well as local, regional and national Co-operative Parties and affiliated co-operative societies and trade unions. Unlike other parties with representatives elected to Parliament, the Co-operative Party does not receive state funding and gets most of its income from membership subscriptions and affiliation fees.[19] The party organisation is itself a co-operative society, registered with the Financial Conduct Authority.[20]

The Party's highest decision making body is the National Executive Committee (NEC), which is elected every three years by individual members, affiliated co-operatives and trade unions, the Co-operative Party Parliamentary Group, and Co-operatives UK.[21]

An Annual Conference takes place each autumn to debate policy, discuss the Party's work and vote on motions, although its resolutions are only advisory on the NEC.[22]

The Co-operative Party Parliamentary Group co-ordinates the work of the Party's MPs and Peers in Parliament.

Affiliates

Six of the UK's largest consumer co-operatives are affiliated to the Co-operative Party: the Co-operative Group, Midcounties Co-operative, Central England Co-operative, East of England Co-operative, Scotmid Co-operative and Chelmsford Star Co-operative.[19]

The members of each co-operative society vote to approve affiliation to the Party at their annual general meeting. The largest society and funder of the Party is the Co-operative Group, which ballots its members each year on continued support for the Co-operative Party. At the May 2019 AGM, 79% of Co-operative Group members voted in favour of continued affiliation and that year donated £625,600 (2018: £625,600) to the Co-operative Party.[23][24]

In 2016 Community became the first trade union to affiliate to the Co-operative Party,[25] followed in 2018 by the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (Usdaw).[26]

Co-operatives UK, Co-operative Press and a number of worker co-operatives and housing co-operatives are also organisational members of the Party.[19]

Local structure

The local structure of the Co-operative Party's is based on autonomous units known as Society Co-operative Parties, which operate in a similar way to Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs).[27]

Co-operative societies sponsor Society Co-operative Parties in their traditional areas of operation, which will often take the name of the supporting society (i.e. East of England Co-operative Party and East of England Co-operative).

Society Co-operative Parties usually have a number of branches covering one or more local authority area, which are the main way that individual members interact with the Party to debate policy, select candidates for elections and liaise with Constituency Labour Parties. The Society Co-operative Party is overseen by a party council made up of delegates from branches and the supporting co-operative society.

Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland each have a single national Society Co-operative Party. In England a local party will cover one or more county, or in some cases a full region.[28]

Labour and Co-operative Party

The Co-operative Party and the Labour Party have had an electoral alliance known as the 'National Agreement' since 1927, meaning they do not stand against each other in elections.[6] Instead the parties agree joint candidates to stand as Labour and Co-operative Party.

Labour and Co-operative candidates can stand at elections at all levels in England, Scotland and Wales. Although both parties organise in Northern Ireland, they do not stand candidates for election.

As a sister party, the Co-operative Party has a unique relationship with the Labour Party meaning it does not affiliate at a UK level. Instead local Society Co-operative Parties affiliate to Constituency Labour Parties, which facilitates local co-operation and the selection of joint candidates.[6]

Most candidates use the Labour and Co-operative Party description on their ballot paper, however some stand under another version, particularly for local government elections and elections in Scotland, Wales and London that use a list system. In this case only one description will be used to avoid voters thinking Labour and Co-operative candidates are standing against Labour candidates; however joint candidates are still recognised as part of the Labour and Co-operative Group if they are elected.[29]

Although only the Labour Party emblem is used on the ballot paper, candidates and representatives can use a joint logo on their printed materials and websites.

Leadership

The Co-operative Party does not have a single leader, with the responsibilities shared between Jim McMahon as Chair of the National Executive Committee, Preet Kaur Gill as Chair of the Co-operative Party Parliamentary Group, and Joe Fortune as General Secretary, who oversees the day-to-day operations of the Party. For the purposes of the registration as a political party with the Electoral Commission, the General Secretary is registered as both the leader and the nominating officer.[30]

Chairs of the Co-operative Party

General Secretaries of the Co-operative Party

Electoral representation

The modern party is the political arm of the wider British co-operative movement and membership of another co-operative enterprise is a requirement for candidates. Co-operative members who wish to stand for election must also be members of the Labour Party, and stand as Labour and Co-operative Party candidates.[6]

Electoral performance

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Election Seats ± Government
1918
1 / 707
Increase 1 Coalition LiberalConservative
1922
4 / 615
Increase 3 Conservative
1923
6 / 625
Increase 2 Labour minority
1924
5 / 615
Decrease 1 Conservative
1929
9 / 615
Increase 4 Labour minority
1931
1 / 615
Decrease 8 National LabourConservativeLiberal
1935
9 / 615
Increase 8 ConservativeNational LabourLiberal National
1945
23 / 640
Increase 14 Labour
1950
18 / 625
Decrease 5 Labour
1951
16 / 625
Decrease 2 Conservative
1955
19 / 630
Increase 3 Conservative
1959
16 / 630
Decrease 3 Conservative
1964
19 / 630
Increase 3 Labour
1966
18 / 630
Decrease 1 Labour
1970
15 / 630
Decrease 3 Conservative
Feb-1974
14 / 635
Decrease 1 Labour minority
Oct-1974
14 / 635
Steady Labour
1979
17 / 635
Increase 3 Conservative
1983
7 / 650
Decrease 10 Conservative
1987
9 / 650
Increase 2 Conservative
1992
14 / 651
Increase 5 Conservative
1997
28 / 659
Increase 14 Labour
2001
30 / 659
Increase 2 Labour
2005
29 / 646
Decrease 1 Labour
2010
28 / 650
Decrease 1 ConservativeLib Dem
2015
24 / 650
Decrease 4 Conservative
2017
38 / 650
Increase 14 Conservative minority
with DUP confidence and supply
2019
26 / 650
Decrease 12 Conservative

House of Commons

There are 26 Labour and Co-operative MPs in the House of Commons.

MPConstituency
Jonathan AshworthLeicester South
Stella CreasyWalthamstow
Anneliese DoddsOxford East
Stephen DoughtyCardiff South and Penarth
Florence EshalomiVauxhall
Chris EvansIslwyn
Preet GillBirmingham Edgbaston
Mark HendrickPreston
Meg HillierHackney South and Shoreditch
Simon LightwoodWakefield
Seema MalhotraFeltham and Heston
Rachael MaskellYork Central
Jim McMahonOldham West and Royton
James MurrayEaling North
Alex NorrisNottingham North
Kate OsamorEdmonton
Luke PollardPlymouth, Sutton and Devonport
Lucy PowellManchester Central
Steve ReedCroydon North
Christina ReesNeath
Jonathan ReynoldsStalybridge and Hyde
Lloyd Russell-MoyleBrighton Kemptown
Michael ShanksRutherglen and Hamilton West
Barry SheermanHuddersfield
Alex SobelLeeds North West
Gareth ThomasHarrow West

House of Lords

There are sixteen Labour and Co-operative peers in the House of Lords:[32]

Lord McFall of Alcluith currently sits as a non-affiliated peer following his election as Lord Speaker in May 2021.

Senedd

There are sixteen Labour and Co-operative Members of the Senedd:[33]

MSConstituency or Region
Mick AntoniwPontypridd
Dawn BowdenMerthyr Tydfil and Rhymney
Alun DaviesBlaenau Gwent
Rebecca EvansGower
Vaughan GethingCardiff South and Penarth
John GriffithsNewport East
Mike HedgesSwansea East
Vikki HowellsCynon Valley
Huw Irranca-DaviesOgmore
Jeremy MilesNeath
Sarah MurphyBridgend
Lynne NeagleTorfaen
Rhianon PassmoreIslwyn
Carolyn ThomasNorth Wales
Lee WatersLlanelli
Joyce WatsonMid and West Wales

Scottish Parliament

There are eleven Labour and Co-operative Members of the Scottish Parliament:[34]

MSPConstituency or Region
Claire BakerMid Scotland and Fife
Neil BibbyWest Scotland
Sarah BoyackLothian
Rhoda GrantHighlands and Islands
Daniel JohnsonEdinburgh Southern
Monica LennonCentral Scotland
Pauline McNeillGlasgow
Paul O'KaneWest Scotland
Anas SarwarGlasgow
Colin SmythSouth Scotland
Paul SweeneyGlasgow

London Assembly

There are eleven Labour and Co-operative Members of the London Assembly:[35]

AMConstituency or Region
Marina AhmadLambeth and Southwark
Elly BakerLondon-wide
Anne ClarkeBarnet and Camden
Leonie CooperMerton and Wandsworth
Unmesh DesaiCity and East
Len DuvallGreenwich and Lewisham
Krupesh HiraniBrent and Harrow
Joanne McCartneyEnfield and Haringey
Sem MoemaNorth East
Onkar SahotaEaling and Hillingdon
Sakina SheikhLondon-wide

Police and Crime Commissioners

There are seven Labour and Co-operative Police and Crime Commissioners:[36]

CommissionerPolice Area
Joy AllenDurham
Alan BillingsSouth Yorkshire
Jeffrey CuthbertGwent
Andrew DunbobbinNorth Wales
Kim McGuinnessNorthumbria
Alun MichaelSouth Wales
Emily SpurrellMerseyside

Directly elected Mayors

There are five directly elected Labour and Co-operative metro mayors:[37]

MayorMayoral Area
Tracy BrabinWest Yorkshire
Andy BurnhamGreater Manchester
Oliver CoppardSouth Yorkshire
Nik JohnsonCambridgeshire and Peterborough

There are three directly elected Labour and Co-operative local authority mayors:

MayorMayoral Area
Damien EganLewisham
Rokhsana FiazNewham
Philip GlanvilleHackney

Local government

The Co-operative Party is represented in all tiers of local government by councillors who stand as Labour and Co-operative. In 2021 there were 938 Labour and Co-operative councillors across England, Scotland and Wales.[38]

Northern Ireland Assembly

The Co-operative Party is affiliated with the Labour Party in Northern Ireland and in addition, Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) members are permitted to join the party.[39] Neither the Co-operative or Labour parties currently have any representation in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

See also

References

  1. "BOARD REPORT & ANNUAL ACCOUNTS 2022". Co-operative Party.
  2. "Building A Fairer Future – The Co-operative Plan for Britain 2019". Co-operative Party.
  3. Peterkin, Tom (28 April 2013). "Co-Op Party chair quits over indy support". The Scotsman.
  4. "Policy paper: Britain's relationship with the European Union". Co-operative Party.
  5. "About the Party". Co-operative Party.
  6. "National Agreement between the Labour Party and the Co-operative Party (2003)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  7. "Overview of donations and loans reported in 2013". Donations and loans to political parties. The Electoral Commission.
  8. James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Scarecrow Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1.
  9. Arthur Birnie (2013). An Economic History of the British Isles. Routledge. p. 367. ISBN 978-1-136-58979-9.
  10. David Marsh (2013). The Changing Social Structure of England and Wales. Taylor & Francis. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-136-24163-5.
  11. Simon Hall (1999). The Hutchinson Illustrated Encyclopedia of British History. Taylor & Francis. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57958-107-7.
  12. Carbery, Thomas F. (1969). Consumers in Politics: A history and general review of the Co-operative Party. Manchester. ISBN 9780719003479.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) p156
  13. Angela Frances Whitecross, ‘Co-operative Commonwealth or New Jerusalem? The Co-operative Party and the Labour Party, 1931-1951’, PhD Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, January 2015. https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/11485/3/Whitecross%20Angela%20Final%20e-Thesis%20%28Master%20Copy%29.pdf
  14. Carbery, p59
  15. flickr
  16. Rosen, Greg (2007). Serving the People: Co-operative Party History from Fred Perry to Gordon Brown. Co-operative Party. ISBN 978-0-9549161-4-5. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  17. Carbery, p31.
  18. "The Rule Book – Co-operative Party". The Co-operative Party. 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  19. "Co-operative Party Board Report and Annual Accounts 2017".
  20. Financial Conduct Authority Mutuals Public Register: Co-operative Party Limited
  21. "Rules of Co-operative Party Limited" (PDF). Co-operative Party. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  22. "Co-operative Party Rule Book Section C: Annual Conference" (PDF). Co-operative Party. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  23. "Motion 9 – Political Donations" (PDF).
  24. "2019 Motion Results". The Co-operative Group. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  25. "Co-operative Party Annual Report 2016". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  26. "Paddy Lillis addresses the Co-op Party conference". Usdaw. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  27. "Co-operative Party Rule Book Section N: Rules for a Society Party" (PDF). Co-operative Party. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  28. "Local Co-operative Parties". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  29. "Local Government Factsheet". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
  30. The Electoral Commission View registration – Co-operative Party
  31. Fortune, Joe (16 August 2020). "Remembering Chris Herries, 1947-2020". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  32. "Members of the House of Lords". Co-operative Party.
  33. "Members of the Welsh Parliament". Co-operative Party.
  34. "Members of the Scottish Parliament". Co-operative Party.
  35. "Members of the London Assembly". Co-operative Party.
  36. "Police and Crime Commissioners". Co-operative Party.
  37. "Metro Mayors". Co-operative Party.
  38. "Election Results 2021". Co-operative Party.
  39. "Northern Ireland". Co-operative Party.

Further reading

  • Consumers in politics, a history and general review of the Co-operative Party (1969), Thomas F. Carbery, Manchester U.P.
  • Serving the People: Co-operative Party History from Fred Perry to Gordon Brown. (2007), Greg Rosen, London: Co-operative Party. ISBN 978-09549161-4-5.
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