Tiphiidae

The Tiphiidae (also known as tiphiid wasps,[1] flower wasps,[2][note 1] or tiphiid flower wasps[3]) are a family of large, solitary wasps whose larvae are parasitoids of various beetle larvae, especially those in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.[4] Until recently, this family contained several additional subfamilies, but multiple studies have independently confirmed that these comprise a separate lineage, and are now classified in the family Thynnidae.[5][6]

Tiphiid wasps
Tiphia sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Superfamily: Tiphioidea
Family: Tiphiidae
Leach, 1815
Subfamilies

The females of some Brachycistidinae are wingless, and hunt ground-dwelling (fossorial) beetle larvae.[4] The prey is paralysed with the female's sting, and an egg is laid on it so the wasp larva has a ready supply of food. As some of the ground-dwelling scarab species attacked by tiphiids are pests, some of these wasps are considered beneficial as biological control agents.

Taxonomy

Tiphiid genera are classified as follows: [7][8][9]

The male of a species of Brachycistidinae photographed in Nevada
A female Tiphia femorata photographed in Italy

Subfamily Brachycistidinae Kimsey, 1991
  • Acanthetropis Wasbauer, 1958
  • Brachycistellus Baker, 1907
  • Brachycistina Malloch, 1926
  • Brachycistis Fox, 1893
  • Brachymaya Kimsey & Wasbauer 1999
  • Colocistis Krombein, 1942
  • Dolichetropis Wasbauer, 1968
  • Glyptacros Mickel & Krombein, 1942
  • Hadrocistis Wasbauer, 1968
  • Paraquemaya Kimsey & Wasbauer, 1999
  • Sedomaya Kimsey & Wasbauer, 1999
  • Stilbopogon Mickel & Krombein, 1942

Subfamily Tiphiinae Leach, 1815
  • Cabaraxa Nagy, 1974
  • Cyanotiphia Cameron, 1907
  • Epomidiopteron Romand, 1835
  • Icronatha Nagy, 1967
  • Krombeinia Pate, 1947
  • Ludita Nagy, 1967
  • Mallochessa Allen, 1972
  • Megatiphia Kimsey, 1993
  • Neotiphia Malloch, 1918
  • Paratiphia Sichel, 1864
  • † Philoponites Cockerell, 1915[10]
  • Pseudotiphia Ashmead 1903
  • Tiphia Fabricius, 1775

Examples

Notes
  1. Not to be confused with other flower wasps in Mutillidae, Scoliidae, or Thynnidae.

References
  1. Obeysekara, Piyumi T.; Legrand, Ana (2014). "The Influence of Host Species and Location in the Host Detection Ability of Tiphiid (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) Parasitoids". Environmental Entomology. 43 (6): 1594–1602. doi:10.1603/EN13275.
  2. "Flower wasps". The Australian Museum. 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
  3. Kelaidis, Panayoti; Tankersley, Boyce; Zale, Peter (2019). "November 2019" (PDF). International Rock Gardener (119): 115 pp. ISSN 2053-7557. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
  4. Brothers, Denis J. (1993). "Key to subfamilies of Tiphiidae". In Goulet, Henri; Huber, John T. (eds.). Hymenoptera of the World, an Identification Guide to Families. Ottawa, Ontario: Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research. pp. 178–185. ISBN 0-660-14933-8.
  5. Pilgrim, E.; von Dohlen, C.; Pitts, J. (2008). "Molecular phylogenetics of Vespoidea indicate paraphyly of the superfamily and novel relationships of its component families and subfamilies". Zoologica Scripta. 37 (5): 539–560. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00340.x. S2CID 85905070.
  6. Johnson, B.R.; et al. (2013). "Phylogenomics Resolves Evolutionary Relationships among Ants, Bees, and Wasps". Current Biology. 23 (20): 2058–2062. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050. PMID 24094856.
  7. "Taxonomy for Tiphiinae". insectoid.info. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  8. "Tiphiinae". Fauna Europaea. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  9. Lynn S. Kimsey; Marius Wasbauer (2006). "Phylogeny and Checklist of the Nocturnal Tiphiids of the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae: Brachycistidinae)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 15 (1): 9–25.
  10. Antropov, A.V. (2014). "Aculeata Scopoli, 1763. The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespida=Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 104 (3–4): 335–446. doi:10.1017/S1755691014000103.

Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tiphiidae.
  • Arnett, R. H. Jr. (2000) Segunda edición. American insects. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Londres,New York, Washington, D. C. ISBN 0-8493-0212-9
  • Borror, D. J., DeLong, D. M., Triplehorn, C. A.(1976) cuarta edición. An introduction to the study of insects. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. New York, Chicago. ISBN 0-03-088406-3
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