Torymidae

Torymidae is a family of wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. Most species in this family are small with attractive metallic coloration, and females generally have long ovipositors. Many are parasitoids on gall-forming insects, and some are phytophagous (plant-eating) species, sometimes using the galls formed by other insects. Over 960 species in about 70 genera are found worldwide. They are best recognized in that they are one of the few groups of Chalcidoidea in which the cerci are visible.

Torymus female

Torymidae
Temporal range:
Torymus nobilis Boheman, 1834
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Superfamily: Chalcidoidea
Family: Torymidae
Walker, 1833
Subfamilies and tribes[1]
  • Chalcimerinae
  • Toryminae
    • Boucekinini
    • Torymoidini
    • Torymini
  • Glyphomerinae
  • Microdontomerinae (=Erimerinae)
  • Monodontomerinae
  • Podagrioninae
    • Propalachiini
    • Palachiini
    • Podagrionini
Diversity
2 to 6 subfamilies
about 70 genera
about 960 species

Systematics

The family was first described by Walker in 1833 and the infrafamiliar classification has been revised several times.[1] A number of subfamilies were created within Torymidae, some of which have since been transferred to other families (Idarninae, Sycophaginae, Epichrysomallinae, and Ormyrinae), leaving the family with up to six subfamilies, although as few as two in other classifications.[1]

  • Megastigminae
  • Monodontomerinae
  • Toryminae
  • Podagrioninae
  • Erimerinae (=Microdontomerinae)
  • Thaumatoryminae

A phylogenetic analysis in 2018 found that Torymidae as then circumscribed was not monophyletic. The subfamily Megastigminae recovered outside the clades contain the other subfamilies and elevated to family Megastigmidae in a taxonomic revision. The subfamilies and tribes of Torymidae were also revised.[1]

Torymidae

Chalcimerinae

Toryminae

Boucekinini

Torymoidini

Torymini

Glyphomerinae

Microdontomerinae (=Erimerinae)

Monodontomerinae

Podagrioninae

Propalachiini

Palachiini

Podagrionini

sensu stricto

References

  1. Janšta, Petr; Cruaud, Astrid; Delvare, Gérard; Genson, Guénaëlle; Heraty, John; Křížková, Barbora; Rasplus, Jean‐Yves (2018). "Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) revised: molecular phylogeny, circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life‐history traits". Cladistics. 34 (6): 627–651. doi:10.1111/cla.12228. PMID 34706481.
  • Grissell, E.E., 1995. Toryminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae): a redefinition, generic classification and annotated world catalogue of species. Memoirs on Entomology, International 2:474pp.


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