Tokyo at-large district
Tokyo at-large district (東京都選挙区, Tokyo-to Senkyo-ku) is an electoral district of the House of Councillors in the National Diet, the national legislature of Japan. The district was created in 1947 by the new Constitution of Japan and sent 8 members to the House from 1947 until 2007. From 2007 until 2016, this district sent 10 members to the House, and from 2016 onwards, the district has sent 12 councillors to the House, making it by far the largest constituency in the House of Councillors.
| Tokyo at-large district | |
|---|---|
| 東京都選挙区 | |
| Parliamentary constituency for the House of Councillors | |
 | |
| Prefecture | Tokyo |
| Proportional Block | National PR |
| Electorate | 11,539,720 (as of September 2022)[1] |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1947 |
| Seats | 12 |
| Councillors | Class of 2019:
Class of 2022: |
Elected Councillors
| class of (1947/1953/...) | Election Year | class of (1950/1956/...) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 (1947: #1, 6-year term) |
#2 (1947: #2, 6-year term) |
#3 (1947: #3, 6-year term; 1962: #5, 3-year term) |
#4 (1947: #4, 6-year term) |
#5 | #6 | #1 (1947: #5, 3-year term) |
#2 (1947: #6, 3-year term) |
#3 (1947: #7, 3-year term) |
#4 (1947: #8, 3-year term) |
#5 | #6 | |
| Tatsurō Sakurauchi (DP) |
Suejirō Yoshikawa (JSP) |
Kiyoshi Shima (JSP) |
Takeo Kurokawa (JLP) |
– | – | 1947[2] | Kei Hoashi (Indep.)[3] |
Tamae Fukagawa (Indep.) |
Masao Nishikawa (JLP) |
Heiichi Tōyama (JLP) |
– | – |
| 1950[4] | Ken Yasui (LP) | Toshiharu Shigemori (JSP) |
Makoto Hori (Workers and Farmers Party) |
Tamae Fukagawa (DP) | ||||||||
| Takeo Kurokawa (Yoshida LP) |
Fusae Ichikawa (Indep.) |
Sōji Okada (JSP, left) |
Kei Ishii (Yoshida LP) |
1953[5] | ||||||||
| 1956[6] | Ken Yasui (LDP) |
Sanzō Nosaka (JCP) |
Kiyoshi Shima (JSP) |
Toshiharu Shigemori (JSP) | ||||||||
| Yasu Kashiwabara (Indep.)[7] |
Kinjirō Aikawa (LDP) |
Takeo Kurokawa (LDP) |
1959[8] | |||||||||
| Sanzō Nosaka (JCP) [note 1] |
1962 & by-election[9] |
Satoru Izumi (Indep.)[7] |
Kei Ishii (LDP) |
Sōji Okada (JSP) | ||||||||
| Sanzō Nosaka (JCP) |
Hiroshi Hōjō (Kōmeitō) |
Kihachirō Kimura (JSP) |
Fusae Ichikawa (Indep.) |
1965[10] | ||||||||
| 1968[11] | Ken’ichi Abe (Kōmeitō) |
Ken Yasui (LDP) |
Masatoshi Matsushita (DSP) |
Hideo Urabe (JSP) | ||||||||
| Bunbē Hara (LDP) |
Akira Kuroyanagi (Kōmeitō) |
Norio Kijima (DSP) |
Sanzō Nosaka (JCP) |
1971[12] | ||||||||
| 1974[13] | Ken Yasui (LDP) |
Tetsu Ueda (JSP) |
Ken’ichi Abe (Kōmeitō) |
Kōichirō Ueda (JCP) | ||||||||
| Kōji Kakizawa (NLC) |
1977[14] | |||||||||||
| 1980[15] | Ken Yasui (Indep.) |
Tadao Miki (Kōmeitō) |
Kōichirō Ueda (JCP) |
Tokuma Utsunomiya(Indep.)[16] | ||||||||
| Chinpei Nozue (Tax Party) |
Bunbē Hara (LDP) |
Akira Kuroyanagi (Kōmeitō) |
Isao Naitō (JCP) |
1983[17] | ||||||||
| 1986[18] | Tadao Miki (Kōmeitō) |
Kiyoko Ono (LDP) |
Tetsuo Tanabe (LDP) |
Kōichirō Ueda (JCP) | ||||||||
| Hideo Den (Indep.)[19] |
Chinpei Nozue (Tax Party) |
Akira Kuroyanagi (Kōmeitō) |
1989[20] | |||||||||
| 1992[21] | Toshiko Hamayotsu (Kōmeitō) |
Kōichirō Ueda (JCP) |
Kensaku Morita (Indep.)[22] |
Kiyoko Ono (LDP) | ||||||||
| Yūichirō Uozumi (NFP) |
Sanzō Hosaka (LDP) |
Yasuo Ogata (JCP) |
Hideo Den (Peace and Citizens Union) |
1995[23] | ||||||||
| 1998[24] | Toshio Ogawa (DPJ) |
Toshiko Hamayotsu (Kōmeitō) |
Miyo Inoue (JCP) |
Atsuo Nakamura (Indep.)[25] | ||||||||
| Sanzō Hosaka (LDP) |
Natsuo Yamaguchi (Kōmeitō) |
Kan Suzuki (DPJ) |
Yasuo Ogata (JCP) |
2001[26] | ||||||||
| 2004[27] | Masaharu Nakagawa (LDP) |
Toshio Ogawa (DPJ) |
Renhō (DPJ) |
Yūji Sawa (Kōmeitō) | ||||||||
| Masako Ōkawara (DPJ) | Tamayo Marukawa (LDP) |
Ryūhei Kawada (Indep.)[28] |
2007[29] | |||||||||
| 2010[30] | Renhō (DPJ) | Toshiko Takeya (Kōmeitō) |
Masaharu Nakagawa (LDP) |
Toshio Ogawa (DPJ) | Kōta Matsuda (YP) | |||||||
| Tamayo Marukawa (LDP) |
Yoshiko Kira (JCP) |
Tarō Yamamoto (Indep.) |
Keizō Takemi (LDP) |
2013[31] | ||||||||
| 2016[32] | Renhō (DP) |
Masaharu Nakagawa (LDP) |
Toshiko Takeya (Kōmeitō) |
Taku Yamazoe (JCP) |
Kentarō Asahi (LDP) |
Toshio Ogawa (DP) | ||||||
| Ayaka Shiomura (CDP) |
Shun Otokita (Ishin) |
Keizō Takemi (LDP) | 2019[33] | |||||||||
| 2022[34] | Kentarō Asahi (LDP) |
Toshiko Takeya (Kōmeitō) |
Taku Yamazoe (JCP) |
Renhō (CDP) |
Akiko Ikuina (LDP) |
Tarō Yamamoto (Reiwa) | ||||||
- Winner of the by-election by coming in 5th place during the 1962 election.
Election Results
Notes:
- Decimals from anbunhyō ("fractional proportional votes" that stem from ambiguous votes, e.g. from ballots reading just "Suzuki") omitted in the 2016, 2013 and 2007 results
- (2016 only) (*): ineligible as runner-up replacement (kuriage-tōsen), lost deposit
_and_Household_Income_in_Tokyo_at-large_district_(eng).png.webp)
A scatter diagram showing the correlation between the rates of votes, which each major candidates obtained, and average household income in each municipalities. It is based on data by Tokyo Metropolitan Government Election Administration Commission[35] and Statistics Japan.[36]
Two candidates from LDP (green) are more supported in municipalities, where average household income is higher, while Takeya from Komeito (yellow) is more supported where average household income is lower.
Two candidates from LDP (green) are more supported in municipalities, where average household income is higher, while Takeya from Komeito (yellow) is more supported where average household income is lower.
Elections in the 2020s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Kentaro Asahi | 922,783 | 14.7 |  5.2 | |
| Komeito | Toshiko Takeya | 742,968 | 11.8 | 2.4 | |
| Communist | Taku Yamazoe | 685,224 | 10.9 | 1.4 | |
| CDP | Renhō | 670,339 | 10.6 | 1.4 | |
| Liberal Democratic | Akiko Ikuina | 619,792 | 9.8 | New | |
| Reiwa | Tarō Yamamoto | 565,925 | 9.0 | New | |
| Innovation | Yuki Ebisawa | 530,861 | 8.4 | 0.7 | |
| CDP | Akihiro Matsuo | 372,064 | 5.9 | New | |
| Independent | Hirotada Ototake | 322,904 | 5.1 | New | |
| Tomin First | Chiharu Araki | 284,629 | 4.5 | New | |
| Sanseitō | Mio Kawanashi | 137,692 | 2.2 | New | |
| Social Democratic | Ryūichi Hattori | 59,365 | 1.0 | New | |
| Anti-NHK | Miki Matsuda | 53,032 | 0.8 | New | |
| Children's Party | Yōhei Saiki | 50,661 | 0.8 | New | |
| Japan Reform Party | Ryōji Kutsuzawa | 46,641 | 0.7 | New | |
| Republican Party | Mana Tamura | 28,408 | 0.4 | New | |
| Happiness Realization | Yukihisa Oikawa | 25,209 | 0.4 | New | |
| Ishin Seito Shimpu | Kenji Kōno | 22,306 | 0.4 | New | |
| Kunimori Conservative Party | Hiroshi Andō | 20,758 | 0.3 | New | |
| Anti-NHK | Ken Tanaka | 19,287 | 0.3 | New | |
| Metaverse Party | Teruki Gotō | 19,100 | 0.3 | New | |
| Japan First | Miyuki Sugawara | 17,020 | 0.3 | New | |
| Free Republican Party | Masayuki Aoyama | 14,845 | 0.2 | New | |
| Anti-NHK | Yōhei Hasegawa | 13,341 | 0.2 | New | |
| Anti-NHK | Keiji Ino | 10,150 | 0.2 | New | |
| Anti-NHK | Kenji Setta | 9,658 | 0.1 | New | |
| Independent | Takahashi Nakamura | 7,417 | 0.1 | New | |
| Independent | Tomoharu Nakagawa | 7,203 | 0.1 | New | |
| Smile Party | Hiroshi Komiyama | 5,408 | 0.1 | New | |
| Peace Party | Hisao Naitō | 3,559 | 0.1 | New | |
| Independent | Fumimisa Aburai | 3,370 | 0.1 | New | |
| Tenmei Party | Haruhiko Kobata | 3,283 | 0.1 | New | |
| Party to take over U.S. military base in Okinawa to Tokyo | Midori Nakamura | 3,043 | 0.1 | New | |
| Nuclear Fusion Party | Yasufumi Kuwajima | 1,913 | 0.0 | New | |
| Registered electors | 11,454,822 | ||||
| Turnout | 6,477,702 | 56.6 |  4.8 | ||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Democratic | Swing | 2.6 |
|||
| Komeito gain from Liberal Democratic | Swing | 1.6 |
|||
| Communist gain from Komeito | Swing | 0.7 |
|||
| CDP gain from Communist | Swing | 5.8 |
|||
| Liberal Democratic hold | Swing | New | |||
| Reiwa gain from Democratic | Swing | New | |||
Elections in the 2010s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Tamayo Marukawa | 1,143,458 | 19.9 | 1.0 | |
| Komeito | Natsuo Yamaguchi | 815,445 | 14.2 | 0.0 | |
| Communist | Yoshiko Kira | 706,532 | 12.3 | 0.2 | |
| CDP | Ayaka Shiomura | 688,234 | 12.0 | New | |
| Innovation | Shun Otokita | 526,575 | 9.2 | New | |
| Liberal Democratic | Keizō Takemi | 525,302 | 9.1 | 1.8 | |
| CDP | Issei Yamagishi | 496,347 | 8.6 | New | |
| Reiwa | Yoshimasa Nohara | 214,438 | 3.7 | New | |
| DPP | Motoko Mizuno | 186,667 | 3.2 | New | |
| Anti-NHK | Masanobu Ōhashi | 129,628 | 2.2 | New | |
| Independent | Chinpei Nozue | 91,194 | 1.6 | ||
| Social Democratic | Reiko Asakura | 86,355 | 1.5 | New | |
| Happiness Realization | Hiroko Nanami | 34,121 | 0.6 | New | |
| Assembly to Consider Euthanasia | Hitoshi Satō | 26,958 | 0.5 | New | |
| Assembly to Consider Euthanasia | Masahiro Yokoyama | 23,582 | 0.4 | New | |
| Olive Tree | Koichi Mizoguchi | 18,123 | 0.3 | New | |
| Independent | Jun Mori | 15,475 | 0.3 | New | |
| Independent | Yasuhiro Sekiguchi | 9,686 | 0.2 | New | |
| Independent | Teikichi Nishino | 9,562 | 0.2 | New | |
| Independents of Japan | Kikuo Ōtsuka | 3,586 | 0.1 | New | |
| Registered electors | 11,396,789 | ||||
| Turnout | 5,900,118 | 51.8 | 5.7 | ||
| Liberal Democratic hold | Swing | 4.1 |
|||
| Komeito hold | Swing | 0.4 |
|||
| Communist hold | Swing | 0.1 |
|||
| CDP gain from Independent | Swing | New | |||
| Innovation gain from Liberal Democratic | Swing | New | |||
| Liberal Democratic win (new seat) | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Renhō | 1,123,145 | 18.0 | 10.1 | |
| Liberal Democratic | Masaharu Nakagawa | 884,823 | 14.2 | 2.5 | |
| Komeito | Toshiko Takeya | 770,535 | 12.4 | 0.8 | |
| Communist | Taku Yamazoe | 665,835 | 10.7 | New | |
| Liberal Democratic | Kentarō Asahi | 644,799 | 10.4 | New | |
| Democratic | Toshio Ogawa | 508,131 | 8.2 | 3.5 | |
| Innovation | Yasuo Tanaka | 469,314 | 7.5 | New | |
| Independent | Katsuhito Yokokume | 310,133 | 5.0 | New | |
| Independent | Yōhei Miyake | 257,036 | 4.1 | New | |
| Japanese Kokoro | Mariko Suzuki | 102,402 | 1.6 | New | |
| Social Democratic | Ren Masuyama | 93,677 | 1.5 | New | |
| Voice of Popular Anger | Kōki Kobayashi | 82,357 | 1.3 | New | |
| Independent | Kaori Satō | 67,535 | 1.1 | New | |
| New Renaissance | Saya Takagi [note 1] | 60,431 | 1.0 | New | |
| Ishin Seito Shimpu | Nobuyuki Suzuki | 42,858 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Independent | Kazuyuki Hamada | 28,403 | 0.5 | New | |
| Happiness Realization | Tokuma | 20,412 | 0.3 | New | |
| Independent | Tatsuo Suzuki | 16,187 | 0.3 | New | |
| Independent | Hidetoshi Yanagaisawa | 12,091 | 0.2 | New | |
| Shiji Seitō Nashi | Hitoshi Satō | 7,853 | 0.1 | New | |
| Independent | Yoshihisa Yokobori | 7,329 | 0.1 | New | |
| World Economic Community Party | Mitsuo Matayoshi | 6,114 | 0.1 | New | |
| Independent | Kōji Kawakami | 5,812 | 0.1 | New | |
| Peace | Katsuko Inamura | 5,388 | 0.1 | New | |
| Shiji Seitō Nashi | Fumihiko Otsuki | 5,377 | 0.1 | New | |
| Independent | Yukio Iwasaka | 5,184 | 0.1 | New | |
| Independent | Kimiaki Harada | 5,017 | 0.1 | New | |
| Shiji Seitō Nashi | Takashi Fukae | 4,497 | 0.1 | New | |
| World Peace Party | Kenji Himeji | 3,854 | 0.1 | New | |
| Shiji Seitō Nashi | Ryōji Samejima | 3,714 | 0.1 | New | |
| Challenged Nippon | Hiroyuki Fujishiro | 3,296 | 0.1 | New | |
| Registered electors | 11,157,991 | ||||
| Turnout | 6,415,845 | 57.5 | 4.0 | ||
| Democratic gain from Democratic | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Komeito | |||||
| Komeito gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Communist gain from Democratic | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Your | |||||
| Democratic win (new seat) | |||||
- Her real name is Ikue Matsudo, however she ran under her stage name of Saya Takagi
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Tamayo Marukawa | 1,064,660 | 18.9 | +7.2 | |
| Komeito | Natsuo Yamaguchi | 797,811 | 14.2 | +0.7 | |
| Communist | Yoshiko Kira | 703,901 | 12.5 | New | |
| Independent | Tarō Yamamoto | 666,684 | 11.8 | New | |
| Liberal Democratic | Keizō Takemi | 612,388 | 10.9 | New | |
| Democratic | Kan Suzuki | 552,714 | 9.8 | -3.4 | |
| Restoration | Jun Ogura | 413,637 | 7.3 | New | |
| Your | Rowland Kirishima | 320,857 | 5.7 | New | |
| Independent | Masako Ōkawara [note 1] | 236,953 | 4.2 | -14.2 | |
| Ishin Seito Shimpu | Nobuyuki Suzuki | 77,465 | 1.4 | +1.0 | |
| Green Wind | Yasuko Maruko | 70,571 | 1.3 | New | |
| Independent | Yoshirō Nakamatsu | 48,362 | 0.9 | -0.7 | |
| Happiness Realization | Ryōko Shaku | 20,137 | 0.4 | New | |
| Independent | Katsuko Inomaru | 12,683 | 0.2 | New | |
| Smile Party | Mac Akasaka | 12,228 | 0.2 | +0.1 | |
| Independent | Kiyoshi Mori | 6,432 | 0.1 | 0 | |
| Independent | Minoru Matsumoto | 6,123 | 0.1 | New | |
| Independent | Takashi Nakamura | 6,033 | 0.1 | New | |
| World Economic Community Party | Mitsuo Matayoshi | 5,633 | 0.1 | 0.0 | |
| Independent | Teikichi Nishino | 3,103 | 0.1 | New | |
| Turnout | 5,767,098 | 53.5 | -5.2 | ||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Democratic | |||||
| Komeito hold | |||||
| Communist gain from Democratic | |||||
| Independent gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Independent | |||||
- Originally nominated by the DPJ, but the nomination due to her refusal to move to the proportional representation district since she was doing worse in the party survey, and so ran as an independent
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Renhō | 1,710,734 | 28.1 | ||
| Komeito | Toshiko Takeya | 806,862 | 13.2 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Masaharu Nakagawa | 711,171 | 11.7 | ||
| Democratic | Toshio Ogawa | 696,672 | 10.8 | ||
| Your | Kōta Matsuda | 656,029 | 9.1 | ||
| Communist | Akira Koike | 552,187 | 9.1 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Yukiko Tōkai | 299,353 | 4.9 | ||
| Innovation | Hiroshi Yamada | 200,692 | 3.3 | ||
| Sunrise | Asako Ogura | 120,023 | 2.0 | ||
| Social Democratic | Hideo Moirihara | 95,685 | 1.6 | ||
| New Renaissance | Kōtarō Umiji | 79,828 | 1.6 | ||
| People's New | Seori Egi | 53,948 | 0.9 | ||
| Independent | Yūmi Ishihara | 45,405 | 0.7 | ||
| Independent | Hiroko Tanaka | 16,340 | 0.3 | ||
| Happiness Realization | Hissho Yanai | 10,496 | 0.2 | ||
| Independent | Shoji Ogawa | 8,677 | 0.1 | ||
| Smile Party | Mac Akasaka | 7,599 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Minoru Matsumoto | 5.889 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Tetsuo Sawada | 5,636 | 0.1 | ||
| World Economic Community Party | Mitsuo Matayoshi | 4,900 | 0.1 | ||
| Shinto Honshitsu | Hidemitsu Sano | 3,662 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Kenji Himeji | 2,280 | 0.0 | ||
| Shinto Freeway Club | Hidenori Wago | 1,893 | 0.0 | ||
| Akitsu Shinto | Akitoshi Saka | 1,816 | 0.0 | ||
| Turnout | 6,234,137 | 58.7 | +0.8 | ||
| Democratic hold | |||||
| Komeito hold | |||||
| Liberal Democratic hold | |||||
| Democratic hold | |||||
| Your win (new seat) | |||||
Elections in the 2000s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Masako Ōkawara | 1,087,453 | 18.4 | ||
| Komeito | Katsuo Yamaguchi | 794,936 | 13.5 | ||
| Democratic | Kan Suzuki | 780,662 | 13.2 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Tamayo Murakawa | 691,367 | 11.7 | ||
| Independent | Ryūhei Kawada | 683,629 | 11.6 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Sanzo Hosaka | 651,484 | 11.0 | ||
| Communist | Tomoko Tamura | 554,104 | 9.4 | ||
| Social Democratic | Hitomi Sugiura | 209,053 | 3.5 | ||
| People's New | Keiichiro Nakamura | 151,715 | 2.6 | ||
| Independent | Dr. Nakamatsu | 92,512 | 1.6 | ||
| Kyosei Shinto | Kisho Kurokawa | 70,275 | 1.2 | ||
| Independent | Yūko Tōjō | 59,607 | 1.0 | ||
| Ishin Seito Shimpu | Nobuyuki Suzuki | 21,548 | 0.4 | ||
| Halve Parliament | Kikuo Suda | 18,448 | 0.3 | ||
| Independent | Toshiaki Kanda | 11,222 | 0.2 | ||
| Independent | Tetsuo Arai | 8,409 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Tetsuo Sawada | 7,682 | 0.1 | ||
| Smile Party | Mac Akasaka | 6,408 | 0.1 | ||
| World Economic Community Party | Mitsuo Matayoshi | 5,289 | 0.1 | ||
| Shinto Freeway Club | Hidenori Wago | 3,420 | 0.1 | ||
| Turnout | 6,043,345 | 57.9 | +1.8 | ||
| Democratic gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Komeito hold | |||||
| Democratic hold | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Communist | |||||
| Independent win (new seat) | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Masaharu Nakagawa | 1,014,293 | 18.3 | ||
| Democratic | Toshio Ogawa | 991,477 | 17.9 | ||
| Democratic | Renho | 924,643 | 16.7 | ||
| Komeito | Yuji Sawa | 827,091 | 14.9 | ||
| Independent | Yukio Aoshima | 596,272 | 10.7 | ||
| Communist | Junichiro Imamura | 453,287 | 8.2 | ||
| Independent | Shomei Masumoto | 381,771 | 6.9 | ||
| Social Democratic | Naoto Nakagawa | 176,289 | 3.2 | ||
| Independent | Tetsu Ueda | 165,551 | 3.0 | ||
| Ishin Seito Shimpu | Hisayoshi Matsumara | 10,479 | 0.2 | ||
| World Economic Community Party | Mitsuo Matayoshi | 8,382 | 0.2 | ||
| Turnout | 5,671,608 | 56.1 | +2.8 | ||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Democratic | |||||
| Democratic gain from Komeito | |||||
| Democratic gain from Communist | |||||
| Komeito gain from Independent | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Hosaka Sanzo | 1,407,437 | 27.9 | ||
| Komeito | Yamaguchi Natsuo | 881,314 | 17.5 | ||
| Democratic | Hiroshi Suzuki | 759.110 | 15.1 | ||
| Communist | Yasuo Ogata | 630,196 | 12.5 | ||
| Liberal | Nobuhiko Endo | 361,965 | 7.2 | ||
| Independent | Megumi Hata | 210,806 | 4.2 | ||
| Independent | Tetsu Ueda | 209,806 | 4.2 | ||
| Independent | Chitsuko Kuroiwa | 167,566 | 3.3 | ||
| Social Democratic | Sadaharu Hirota | 159,226 | 3.2 | ||
| Liberal League | Itaru Kobayashi | 105,720 | 2.1 | ||
| Women's Party | Hanako Igarashi | 89,037 | 1.8 | ||
| Independent | Shigeo Araraki | 28,232 | 0.6 | ||
| Independent | Mazao Nakagawa | 14,286 | 0.3 | ||
| Ishin Seito Shimpu | Naotoshi Hashimoto | 10,601 | 0.2 | ||
| Independent | Toshiro Saito | 7,608 | 0.2 | ||
| Turnout | 5,256,584 | 53.3 | -4.6 | ||
| Liberal Democratic gain from New Frontier | |||||
| Komeito gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Democratic gain from Communist | |||||
| Communist gain from Peace and Citizens Union | |||||
Elections in the 1990s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Toshio Ogawa | 1,026,797 | 19.2 | ||
| Komeito | Toshiko Hamayotsu | 896,890 | 16.8 | ||
| Communist | Miyo Inoue | 896,890 | 16.8 | ||
| Independent | Atsuo Nakamura | 719,203 | 13.4 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Kiyoko Ono | 623,483 | 11.7 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Koji Tsukahara | 451,016 | 8.4 | ||
| Independent | Tetsu Ueda | 227,790 | 4.3 | ||
| Social Democratic | Shunsuke Iwasaki | 204,479 | 3.8 | ||
| Women's Party | Hiroko Suzuki | 43,325 | 0.8 | ||
| Liberal League | Nobutaro Taka | 41,182 | 0.8 | ||
| Sports & Peace | Yoshimori Inoki | 37,649 | 0.7 | ||
| New Socialist | Eiko Toyama | 35,860 | 0.7 | ||
| Youth Liberal Party | Isao Nakamura | 34,118 | 0.6 | ||
| Liberal Republican | Shogoro Sawada | 5,991 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Toshiro Saito | 5,478 | 0.1 | ||
| Sports & Peace | Takeshi Hatanaka | 5,445 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Hirokuni Suga | 4,714 | 0.1 | ||
| Ishin Seito Shimpu | Hisayoshi Matsumura | 4,108 | 0.1 | ||
| Ishin Seito Shimpu | Mika Takazawa | 3,286 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Susumu Saito | 3,220 | 0.1 | ||
| Sports & Peace | Makoto Ozeki | 3,056 | 0.1 | ||
| Sports and Peace Party | Ruriko Shikama | 1,965 | 0.04 | ||
| Japan National Political Union | Sadaharu Akaishi | 1,682 | 0.03 | ||
| Turnout | 5,542,728 | 57.9 | +15.6 | ||
| Democratic gain from Kōmeitō | |||||
| Kōmeitō gain from Communist | |||||
| Communist gain from Independent | |||||
| Independent gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Frontier | Yuichiro Uozumi | 1,059,582 | 27.7 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Hosaka Sanzo | 607,470 | 15.9 | ||
| Communist | Yasuo Ogata | 475,647 | 12.5 | ||
| Peace and Citizens Union | Hideo Den | 435,773 | 11.4 | ||
| New Party Sakigake | Atsuo Nakamura | 404,409 | 10.6 | ||
| Independent | Mieko Mishiro | 395,690 | 10.4 | ||
| Independent | Kikuo Suzuki | 193,161 | 5.1 | ||
| Independent | Dr. Nakamatsu | 101,547 | 2.7 | ||
| Qingdao Cheering Squad | Yoshiki Yamaga | 18,620 | 0.5 | ||
| Solidarity of Constitutional Green Farming | Ken Ogata | 17,810 | 0.5 | ||
| Women's Party | Hiroko Suzuki | 14,588 | 0.4 | ||
| Japan Welfare Party | Etsuko Fukuoka | 5,864 | 0.2 | ||
| Independent | Hiroshi Suzuki | 4,823 | 0.1 | ||
| New Liberal Club | Narinobu Takahashi | 4,712 | 0.1 | ||
| New Liberal Club | Shuji Sekiguchi | 4,572 | 0.1 | ||
| Citizens and Farmers Union of Green and Life | Yoichi Shindo | 4,424 | 0.1 | ||
| All Japan Drivers Club | Yukio Hashimoto | 3,734 | 0.1 | ||
| New Liberal Party | Kazumi Ishizu | 3,401 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Yoshiharu Yamada | 3,195 | 0.1 | ||
| Education Party | Noriko Kojima | 2,937 | 0.1 | ||
| Japan Welfare Party | Yasuo Mizutani | 2,930 | 0.1 | ||
| Japan Welfare Party | Tokiyo Yamakita | 2,776 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Shinichi Koyama | 2,723 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Setsuo Yamaguchi | 2,571 | 0.1 | ||
| Japan Welfare Party | Watanabe Keikichiro | 2,403 | 0.1 | ||
| Independent | Masao Hosokawa | 2,380 | 0.1 | ||
| All Japan Drivers Club | Masateru Niimura | 2,199 | 0.1 | ||
| Freedom and Expression | Hiromi Yajima | 1,954 | 0.1 | ||
| Kokuminto | Shigeko Matsumoto | 1,950 | 0.1 | ||
| Freedom and Expression Party | Senkichi Miyazawa | 1,845 | 0.1 | ||
| Freedom and Expression Party | Senkichi Miyazawa | 1,752 | 0.1 | ||
| All Japan Drivers Club | Shunji Iihama | 1,738 | 0.1 | ||
| Freedom and Expression Party | Senkichj Miyazawa | 1,752 | 0.1 | ||
| Freedom and Expression Party | Mitsuo Yada | 1,646 | 0.04 | ||
| education party | Minoru Fukui | 1,626 | 0.04 | ||
| Commoner Party | Masaru Ishiguro | 1,580 | 0.04 | ||
| Free Work Union | Toshiya Yoshida | 1,446 | 0.04 | ||
| Kokuminto | Takeshi Nara | 1.260 | 0.03 | ||
| Kokuminto | Yoko Nakano | 1,190 | 0.03 | ||
| The UFO Party of "Open Star Theory" | Kiyoshi Amamiya | 1,170 | 0.03 | ||
| New Political Wind Party | Kenji Ono | 1,169 | 0.03 | ||
| Japan National Political Union | Akira Oshima | 1,070 | 0.03 | ||
| Commoner Party | Kenichi Hamada | 1,034 | 0.03 | ||
| The UFO Party of "Open Star Theory" | Kenzan Nonaka | 982 | 0.03 | ||
| Japan Social Reform Party | Fumihiko Ono | 962 | 0.03 | ||
| Cultural Forum | Reiko Yasuda | 878 | 0.02 | ||
| Voice of the Common People | Taiji Sato | 807 | 0.02 | ||
| Mob Party | Masahiko Mori | 782 | 0.02 | ||
| Kokuminto | Yoshiaki Yamazaki | 770 | 0.02 | ||
| Commoner Party | Yuji Kageyama | 749 | 0.02 | ||
| Japan Social Reform Party | Inui Yuka | 725 | 0.02 | ||
| Voice of the Common People | Hiroshi Kamata | 721 | 0.02 | ||
| Free Work Union Party | Higashi Tetsuro | 684 | 0.02 | ||
| Mob Party | Tamotsu Yoshizawa | 674 | 0.02 | ||
| The UFO Party of "Open Star Theory" | Hiroaki Morimitsu | 655 | 0.02 | ||
| Mob Party | Hirokichi Takahashi | 647 | 0.02 | ||
| Voice of the Common People | Katsuya Nitta | 642 | 0.02 | ||
| Mob Party | Hideo Tsuboi | 609 | 0.02 | ||
| Cultural Forum | Yukie Otsuka | 565 | 0.01 | ||
| Japan Social Reform Party | Kurashige Hiroshi | 544 | 0.01 | ||
| World Johrekai | Yoshiyuki Nozawa | 503 | 0.01 | ||
| Japan National Political Union | Shinichiro Okada | 501 | 0.01 | ||
| Japan National Political Union | Hideaki Takehara | 498 | 0.01 | ||
| Cultural Party | Suzumu Saito | 487 | 0.01 | ||
| New Political Wind | Mitsuyuki Asano | 478 | 0.01 | ||
| Voice of the Common People | Shoichi Sasai | 478 | 0.01 | ||
| Japan National Political Union | Mitsuo Enoki | 437 | 0.01 | ||
| Free Work Union | Keiji Fukunaga | 430 | 0.01 | ||
| New Political Winds | Akio Yanagisawa | 407 | 0.01 | ||
| Cultural Forum | Hayakawa Joji | 383 | 0.01 | ||
| Commoner Party | Akihiro Sakamoto | 371 | 0.01 | ||
| Cultural Forum | Hanba Kiyo | 285 | 0.01 | ||
| Free Work Union | Issei Okajima | 251 | 0.01 | ||
| Turnout | 3,988,069 | 42.3 | |||
| New Frontier gain from Independent | |||||
| Liberal Democratic hold | |||||
| Communist gain from Tax Party | |||||
| Peace and Citizens Union gain from Kōmeitō | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kōmeitō | Toshiko Hamayotsu | 902,242 | 21.8 | ||
| Communist | Koichiro Ueda (Incumbent) | 756.647 | 18.2 | ||
| Independent | Kensaku Morita | 716,793 | 17.3 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Kiyoko Ono (Incumbent) | 671,457 | 16.2 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Hajime Ogura | 597,711 | 14.4 | ||
| Independent | Masatoshi Uchida | 314,291 | 7.6 | ||
| Japan Welfare Party | Sangen Higashi | 27,569 | 0.7 | ||
| All Japan Dtivers Club | Naoko Ito | 17,349 | 0.4 | ||
| People's New | Junichi Akutsu | 15,670 | 0.4 | ||
| Japan Democratic Party | Shinagawa Tsukasa | 15,286 | 0.4 | ||
| New Liberal Party | Shuji Sekiguchi | 14,876 | 0.4 | ||
| Turnout | |||||
| Kōmeitō hold | |||||
| Communist gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Independent gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Communist | |||||
Elections in the 1980s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Hideo Den | 1,164,511 | 22.7 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Bunbee Hara | 1,143,878 | 22.3 | ||
| Tax Party | Nozue Shimpei | 889,633 | 17.4 | ||
| Kōmeitō | Akira Kuroyanagi | 776,878 | 15.2 | ||
| Turnout | |||||
| Independent gain from Tax Party | |||||
| Liberal Democratic hold | |||||
| Tax Party gain from Kōmeitō | |||||
| Kōmeitō gain from Communist | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kōmeitō | Tadao Miki (Incumbent) | 851,217 | 16.8 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Kiyoko Ono | 850,441 | 16.8 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Tatsuo Tanabe | 742,766 | 14.7 | ||
| Communist | Koichiro Ueda (Incumbent) | 702,232 | 13.9 | ||
| Turnout | 5,329,816 | 61.1 | |||
| Kōmeitō gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Kōmeitō | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Communist | |||||
| Communist gain from Independent | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tax Party | Nozue Shimpei (Incumbent) | 963,146 | 22.5 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Bunbee Hara (Incumbent) | 938,454 | 21.9 | ||
| Kōmeitō | Akira Kuroyanagi (Incumbent) | 817,387 | 19.1 | ||
| Communist | Isao Naito | 551,364 | 12.9 | ||
| Turnout | 4,364,586 | 51.9 | |||
| Tax Party gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Kōmeitō | |||||
| Kōmeitō gain from Democratic Socialist | |||||
| Communist gain from New Liberal Club | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Ken Yasui (Incumbent) (Endorsed by the LDP) |
1,315,583 | 24.8 | ||
| Kōmeitō | Tadao Miki (Incumbent) | 874,017 | 16.5 | ||
| Communist | Koichiro Ueda (Incumbent) | 815,754 | 15.4 | ||
| Independent | Tokuma Utsunomiya (Endorsed by the NLC and the DSP) |
813,583 | 15.3 | ||
| Turnout | 5,537,135 | 67.5 | +3.5 | ||
| Independent gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Kōmeitō gain from Socialist | |||||
| Communist gain from Kōmeitō | |||||
| Independent gain from Communist | |||||
Elections in the 1970s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Bunbee Hara | 1,245,118 | 24.9 | ||
| Kōmeitō | Akira Kuroyanagi | 841,159 | 16.8 | ||
| Democratic Socialist | Norio Kijima | 632,045 | 12.6 | ||
| New Liberal Club | Koji Kakizawa | 580,134 | 11.6 | ||
| Turnout | 5,217,346 | 64.0 | -4.6 | ||
| Liberal Democratic hold | |||||
| Kōmeitō hold | |||||
| Democratic Socialist hold | |||||
| New Liberal Club gain from Communist | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Ken Yasui (Incumbent) | 1,268,412 | 23.5 | |||
| Socialist | Tetsu Ueda | 1,111,780 | 20.6 | |||
| Kōmeitō | Kenichi Abe (Incumbent) | 842,761 | 15.6 | |||
| Communist | Koichiro Ueda | 819,895 | 15.2 | |||
| Turnout | 5,555,130 | 68.6 | +11.9 | |||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Kōmeitō | ||||||
| Socialist gain from Liberal Democratic | ||||||
| Kōmeitō gain from Democratic Socialist | ||||||
| Communist gain from Socialist | ||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Bunbee Hara | 881,104 | 20.0 | ||
| Kōmeitō | Akira Kuroyanagi (Incumbent) | 773,405 | 17.5 | ||
| Democratic Socialist | Norio Kijima | 714,535 | 16.2 | ||
| Communist | Sanzo Nosaka | 713,903 | 16.2 | ||
| Turnout | 4,535,534 | 56.5 | -6.1 | ||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Communist | |||||
| Kōmeitō hold | |||||
| Democratic Socialist gain from Socialist | |||||
| Communist gain from Independent | |||||
Elections in the 1960s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kōmeitō | Kenichi Abe | 831,893 | 17.5 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Ken Yasui (Incumbent) | 821,204 | 17.3 | ||
| Democratic Socialist | Masatoshi Matsuhita | 702,603 | 14.8 | ||
| Socialist | Hideo Urabe | 682,817 | 14.4 | ||
| Turnout | 4,908,219 | 62.6 | +1.5 | ||
| Kōmeitō gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Independent | |||||
| Democratic Socialist gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Socialist hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist | Sanzo Nosaka | 619,893 | 16.0 | ||
| Kōmeitō | Hiroshi Hojo | 608,235 | 15.7 | ||
| Socialist | Kimura Kihachiro | 556,189 | 14.4 | ||
| Independent | Fusae Ichikawa | 496,795 | 12.8 | ||
| Turnout | 4,073,539 | 61.1 | |||
| Communist gain from Independent | |||||
| Kōmeitō gain from Independent | |||||
| Socialist gain from Communist | |||||
| Independent gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Ken Yasui (Incumbent) | 794,618 | 22.8 | ||
| Independent | Satoru Izumi | 529,575 | 15.2 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Katsura Ishii | 506,469 | 14.5 | ||
| Socialist | Souji Okada | 474,963 | 13.6 | ||
| Communist | Sanzo Nosaka | 415,598 | 11.9 | ||
| Turnout | |||||
| Communist gain from Liberal Democratic | |||||
| Liberal Democratic hold | |||||
| Independent gain from Communist | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Socialist | |||||
| Socialist hold | |||||
Elections in the 1950s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Yasu Kashiwabara | 471,472 | 19.1 | ||
| Independent | Fusae Ichikawa (Incumbent) | 292,927 | 11.7 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Kinjiro Ayukawa | 256,602 | 10.4 | ||
| Liberal Democratic | Takeo Kurokawa | 254,502 | 10.3 | ||
| Turnout | 2,565,993 | 49.4 | +0.4 | ||
| Independent gain from Liberal | |||||
| Independent hold | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Left Socialist | |||||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Liberal | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic | Ken Yasui (Incumbent) | 473,549 | 22.6 | ||
| Communist | Sanzo Nosaka | 272,531 | 13.0 | ||
| Socialist | Kiyoshi Shima | 255,992 | 12.2 | ||
| Socialist | Toshiharu Shigemori | 240,123 | 11.5 | ||
| Turnout | 2,221,122 | 49.0 | +4.2 | ||
| Liberal Democratic gain from Liberal | |||||
| Communist gain from Socialist | |||||
| Socialist gain from Workers and Farmers Party (Japan) | |||||
| Socialist gain from Democratic | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Takeo Kurokawa (Incumbent) | 294,181 | 17.8 | ||
| Independent | Fusae Ichikawa | 191,539 | 11.6 | ||
| Left Socialist | Soji Okada (Incumbent) | 185,863 | 11.2 | ||
| Liberal | Kastura Ishii | 178,595 | 10.8 | ||
| Turnout | 1,794,587 | 44.8 | -9.9 | ||
| Liberal gain from Democratic | |||||
| Independent gain from Socialist | |||||
| Left Socialist gain from Socialist | |||||
| Liberal gain from Liberal | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Ken Yasui | 281,256 | 17.2 | ||
| Socialist | Toshiharu Shigemori | 199,113 | 12.2 | ||
| Workers and Farmers Party | Makoto Hori | 193,902 | 11.8 | ||
| Democratic | Fukugawa Tamae | 161,341 | 9.9 | ||
| Turnout | 1,845,433 | 54.7 | +2.0 | ||
| Liberal gain from Independent | |||||
| Socialist gain from Independent | |||||
| Workers and Farmers Party (Japan) gain from Liberal | |||||
| Democratic gain from Liberal | |||||
Elections in the 1940s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Tatsuro Sakurauchi | 138,705 | 11.7 | ||
| Socialist | Suejiro Yoshikawa | 111,862 | 9.5 | ||
| Socialist | Kiyoshi Shima | 101,128 | 8.6 | ||
| Liberal | Takeo Kurokawa | 89,413 | 7.6 | ||
| Independent | Kei Hoashi | 83,493 | 7.1 | ||
| Independent | Fukagawa Tamae | 79,396 | 6.7 | ||
| Liberal | Masao Nishikawa | 78,757 | 6.7 | ||
| Liberal | Heichii Toyama | 75,637 | 6.4 | ||
| Turnout | 1,392,383 | 52.7 | N/A | ||
| Democratic win (new seat) | |||||
| Socialist win (new seat) | |||||
| Socialist win (new seat) | |||||
| Liberal win (new seat) | |||||
| Independent win (new seat) | |||||
| Independent win (new seat) | |||||
| Liberal win (new seat) | |||||
| Liberal win (new seat) | |||||
References
- "総務省｜令和4年9月1日現在選挙人名簿及び在外選挙人名簿登録者数" [Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications - Number of registered voters as of 1 September 2022] (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-04.
- "東京選挙区 - 第1回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 1st House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1947. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- joined Ryokufūkai
- "東京選挙区 - 第2回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 2nd House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1950. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第3回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 3rd House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1953. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第4回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 4th House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1956. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- joined Kōmeito
- "東京選挙区 - 第5回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 5th House of Councilors Election]. 選挙ドットコム (in Japanese). 1959. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第6回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 6th House of Councilors Election]. go2senyo.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第7回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 7th House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1965. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第8回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 8th House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1968. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第9回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 9th House of Councillors Election]. 選挙ドットコム (in Japanese). 1971. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第10回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 10th House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1974. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第11回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 11th House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1977. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第12回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 12th House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1980. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- endorsed by New Liberal Club and Socialist Democratic Federation
- "東京選挙区 - 第13回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 13th House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1983. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第14回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 14th House of Councilors Election]. 選挙ドットコム (in Japanese). 1986. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- president of the Socialist Democratic Federation, founded Shintō Goken Liberal ("New Party Liberals for protecting the constitution") in 1994
- "東京選挙区 - 第15回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-Large District - 15th House of Councilors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1989. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第16回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo at-large District - 16th House of Councillors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1995. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- joined the Democratic Socialist Party parliamentary group as an independent, joined the Liberal Democratic Party in 1994
- "東京選挙区 - 第17回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo at-large District - 17th House of Councillors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1995. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第18回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo at-large District - 18th House of Councillors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 1998. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- New Party Sakigake→Midori no Kaigi (Japan Greens, lit. "Green Conference"; not to be confused with Japan Greens (Midori no Table/"Green Table") or Greens Japan (Midori no Mirai/"Green Future"))
- "東京選挙区 - 第19回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo at-large District - 19th House of Councillors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 2001. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- >"東京選挙区 - 第20回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo at-large district - 20th House of Coucnnillors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 2004. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- joined Your Party in 2009
- >東京選挙区 - 第21回参議院議員選挙 [Tokyo At-Large District - 21st House of Councillors Election]. go2senkyo (in Japanese). Voice Japan. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- 東京選挙区 - 第22回参議院議員選挙 [Tokyo at large district - 22nd House of Councillors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). 2010. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第23回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo At-large District - 24th House of Councillors Election]. 選挙ドットコム (in Japanese). 2013. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第24回参議院議員選挙". 選挙ドットコム (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第25回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo at-large district - 25th House of Councillors Election]. 選挙ドットコム (in Japanese). 2019. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "東京選挙区 - 第26回参議院議員選挙" [Tokyo at-large District - 26th House of Councillors Election]. go2senkyo.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-19.
- "参議院議員選挙（平成28年7月10日執行） 投開票結果" (in Japanese). Tokyo Metropolitan Government Election Administration Commission. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
- "住宅・土地統計調査 統計表一覧" (in Japanese). Statistics Japan. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
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