Trams in Finland

In Helsinki, horse trams operated between 1890 and 1901. Since 1900, electric trams have operated there.

For part of its existence, the Helsinki tramway network has been supplemented by a trolleybus line: in 1949–1974, and on a trial basis in 1979–1985.

Valmet RM 2 no. 49 on line 1 to the harbour at Market Square in Turku, 1959.

Between 1913 and 1917 there was a short-lived horse-drawn tramway in Lauttasaari, an island that was a part of the Helsinki Rural Municipality and since 1920 the municipality of Huopalahti, which was later merged into Helsinki.[3]

The Kulosaari, and Haaga municipalities also had a tramway that belonged to the Helsinki tram network.

In Turku, there were horse-drawn trams from 1890 to 1892, and electric trams from 1908 to 1972. The tram network was abandoned in 1972, when the last remaining tram line was replaced by buses.

The arguments against the Turku tramway were associated with the 1960s view that trams were an outdated mode of transport, while buses were seen as modern technology. The decision to close the Turku tramway network can also be seen in part as inspired by events in Stockholm, which had closed most of its tramway network a little earlier.

The municipalities of Kaarina and Maaria in the Turku region had a tramway that belonged to the Turku tram network.

Locally built tramway locomotive (with AEG traction motors) in Vyborg, 1940.

Trams began running in Viipuri, then a part of the Grand Duchy of Finland, in 1912. They were electrically operated from the start.

Following the cession of the city to the Soviet Union during World War II, the tramway network remained in service until 1957.

Some narrow gauge Finnish railways with mostly or only freight traffic have been called "tramways".

These railways include industrial lines, such as the "freight tram" in Tampere (from Finlayson to Santalahti woodyard a few kilometres away), which closed in 1957, the railway in Mustio (a freight line from the railway station to the mill), which closed in 1964 and the Kyröskoski industrial railway in Hämeenkyrö (Finland's last narrow gauge industrial railway), which closed in 1989. The harbour railway in Lohja, which was Finland's first electric railway, running from the state railway station to the port, carried both passenger and freight services but closed in 1930.

In Helsinki, there are ten tram lines with a total network length of 39 km (24.2 mi). The most recent line opening since 1976 took place in August 2008, when line 9 was opened, initially running from Kolmikulma to Itä-Pasila. Line 9 was later extended to run to the newly developed harbour area of Jätkäsaari.

Since August 2021, there has been a tram system in Tampere, consisting of two intersecting lines.[1][4][5] The tramway has a total network length of 16 km (9.9 mi).

In the Helsinki region, there are plans to expand the tramway network, through a large project called Raidejokeri. This planned expansion will become the first light rail line in Helsinki when opened. Currently, the Jokeri line is bus line 550, which will be replaced by the cross-city light rail line similar to Stockholm's Tvärbanan. The Raidejokeri will dramatically extend the Helsinki tramway network, as its entire length runs outside of the existing tram network. This will be the first tramway network to serve the city of Espoo.

The Jokeri line runs from the site of the metro station at Aalto-yliopisto and Keilaniemi, Espoo in the west to the Itäkeskus metro station, Helsinki in the east. It also offers interchange with commuter and long-distance rail services in Leppävaara, Espoo and Oulunkylä and Huopalahti, Helsinki.

The Helsinki tramway network is being extended to Jätkäsaari south of Ruoholahti, and Laajasalo east of the city centre, through a series of bridges across the islands including Korkeasaari, in a project known as the Crown Bridges.

The Artic X34 tram vehicle along the Hämeenkatu street in Tampere

The construction of the Tampere light rail system started in 2017, with the first two lines being completed in August 2021.[6] Further extensions to the system are underway, with the section from Pyynikintori to Santalahti being scheduled for opening in 2023.[5]

In Turku, the newest light rail plan was approved as part of the Turku area public inquiry for the period to 2020. In December 2009, the Turku City Council decided that "light rail will be built for the routes that are heavily congested, when the financial plan and related conditions, and government financing and the proportions that the other municipalities within the region will pay for construction, have been agreed."[7] As of 2020, the Turku municipal council was researching the best path for the first new tram line in the city.[2]

There have also been proposals to build a heritage tramway in Turku that would run during the summer season along the Aura River between the Turku Castle and Martinsilta (St Martin's Bridge), and later also to the Market Square, in perhaps the most attractive part of Turku. The old tram depot (with a few old, restored cars in operating condition) is on Linnankatu, a stone's throw from the castle and the river. The route would be relatively short, and the tramway would therefore be relatively inexpensive to build. The Museum Tram initiative is pending in the Turku city administration, but has not been progressed since 2005.