Transit of Venus March

The "Transit of Venus March" is a march scored for military brass band written by John Philip Sousa in 1883 to celebrate the 1882 Transit of Venus and published by the J.W. Pepper Company. The work was erroneously thought to be lost for over 100 years when a piano transcription[note 1] published in 1896 was found by a Library of Congress employee in 2003.[1] Copies of the original Pepper publication, however, do survive.

"Transit of Venus March"
March by John Philip Sousa
Sheet music cover (1896)
Occasion1882 Transit of Venus
Composed1883 (1883)
DedicationJoseph Henry
PublisherJ.W. Pepper Co.
Audio sample
2016 performance by the United States Marine Band
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Background

One year after the 1882 Transit of Venus, Sousa was commissioned to compose a processional for the unveiling of a bronze statue of American physicist Joseph Henry,[2] who had died in 1878.[3] Henry, who had developed the first electric motor, was also the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.[4]

A Freemason, Sousa was fascinated by what the group considered mystical qualities in otherwise natural phenomena. According to Sten Odenwald of the NASA IMAGE Science Center,[5] this played a significant role in the selection of the time and date of the performance, April 19, 1883, at 4:00 P.M. Dr. Odenwald points out that Venus and Mars, invisible to the participants, were setting in the west. At the same time, the moon, Uranus, and Virgo were rising in the east, Saturn had crossed the meridian, and Jupiter was directly overhead. According to Masonic lore, Venus was associated with the element copper, a component of electric motors.

2003 resurrection

The "Transit of Venus March" never caught on during Sousa's lifetime. It went unplayed for many years, after Sousa's manuscript copies of the music were destroyed in a flood.[1] As reported in The Washington Post, Library of Congress employee Loris J. Schissel found copies of the old sheet music for the "Transit of Venus March" "languishing in the library's files".[6][note 2] The piece was resurrected in time for the 2004 Transit of Venus.[1] The piece had been performed on compilation albums before then, but it was the 2004 transit that brought it to wide public attention.

The Library of Congress joined with NASA to celebrate the 2004 transit with this march.[7]

People

Transits of Venus
  • The 1882 transit, which inspired Sousa to write the march.
    The 1882 transit, which inspired Sousa to write the march.
  • The 2004 transit. The march, rediscovered in 2003, was used to celebrate this event.
    The 2004 transit. The march, rediscovered in 2003, was used to celebrate this event.

See also

Notes
  1. Front cover shown at right; the full sheet music can be found on Wikisource.
  2. The reason for its presence there, and its going unnoticed for so long, is unclear.

References
  1. "John Philip Sousa & The Transit of Venus". transitofvenus.org. Archived from the original on 2008-06-10. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
  2. "Unveiling the Statue Of Joseph Henry" (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
  3. "Joseph Henry". www.nas.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
  4. Mayer, Alfred M. (1880). "Henry as a Discoverer". A Memorial of Joseph Henry. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 475–508. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  5. "Transit FAQs". image.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
  6. Reilly Capps (October 31, 2003). "Dusting off a Rarity for Venus's Celestial March". The Washington Post.
  7. "Transit of Venus (Performing Arts Encyclopedia, The Library of Congress)". lcweb2.loc.gov. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
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