Ulmus 'Androssowii'

The hybrid cultivar Ulmus 'Androssowii' R. Kam. (or 'Androsowii'[1]), an elm of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan[2] sometimes referred to in old travel books as 'Turkestan Elm' or as 'karagach' [:black tree, = elm], its local name,[3] is probably an artificial hybrid. According to Lozina-Lozinskaia the tree is unknown in the wild in Uzbekistan,[4][5] and apparently arose from a crossing of U. densa var. bubyriana Litv. (now Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'), which it resembles (see the disputed species Ulmus densa), and the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila.[6]

Ulmus 'Androssowii'
Karagach [:black tree, = elm], Samarkand
GenusUlmus
Cultivar'Androssowii'
OriginUzbekistan

Not to be confused with the U. turkestanica Regel distributed by the Späth nursery of Berlin.

For U. 'Karagatch', see 'Hybrid cultivars' below.

For so-called Ulmus androssowii var. subhirsuta C. K. Schneid. and Ulmus androssowii var. virgata (Planch.) Grudz. , see Ulmus chumlia.

Description
Turkestan Elm, c.1910

The tree grows to a height of 20 metres (66 ft) and is distinguished by its very dense spherical crown and pubescent leaves.[7] Rehder noted (1939) that though similar in habit to 'Umbraculifera', 'Androssowi' could be "easily distinguished" by the grayish-brown bark of its twigs with conspicuous corky wings on older branches, by the pubescent winter-buds, by the mostly shallow- and single-toothed leaves, pubescent beneath, and by the near-orbicular fruit 10-13 mm in diameter, with the seed slightly above the middle. In 'Umbraculifera', by contrast, the twigs are red-brown and never corky, the leaves are more clearly and sharply double-toothed, only slightly pubescent beneath when young and soon smooth, and the obovate fruit is wedge-shaped at base and about 1.5 cm long, with the seed close to the notch.[6] The compact branch structure of 'Androssowii' helps the tree conserve moisture.[8]

... In a garden near our sarai we saw some very fine karagach. The karagach or Turkestan elm is one of the typical trees of the Duab landscape, chiefly owing to its tendency of forming leafy balloons of great regularity. As the main limbs shoot upwards like a bunch of flowers gradually unfolding near the top, and as the secondary boughs follow this example, the inner space of the cupola of foliage is a tangle of close-set ramifications which retains dead branches as well as the flotsam and jetsam of the air. As moreover short spikes and twigs grow out everywhere, the whole forms a disorderly nest of bark, leaves, sticks, and straws affording protection to many small birds.

– From Willi Rickmer Rickmers, The Duab of Turkestan, a physiographic sketch and account of some travels (1913).[9]

Pests and diseases

Not known. In 1987, according to a Forestry Commission study of the Dushanbe area, Tajikistan, elms including 'Androssowii' "were plentiful in the city, pastures and roadside plantations, but no symptoms of Dutch elm disease, foliar or internal, were found. Breeding galleries of a Scolytus species close to Scolytus multistriatus were present in stressed or dying trees but no Ophiostoma ulmi was obtained from the galleries." The report concluded that, to date, the region may have escaped Dutch elm disease through geographical isolation.[2]

Cultivation

The hybrid has been widely planted in southern and western areas of the former Soviet Union,[10] notably along the streets of Samarkand. In western Europe it was distributed by Hesse's Nurseries, Weener, Germany, in the 1930s.[11] A specimen was present at Kew Gardens in the 1930s.[12] Cold-hardy, it prefers a rich soil and moderate humidity.

  • 'Androssowii' left, U. Bubyriana [:Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'] right, Samarkand (1903)
    'Androssowii' left, U. Bubyriana [:Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'] right, Samarkand (1903)
  • Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century
    Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century
  • Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century
    Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century
  • Photo captioned 'Umbraculifera' but possibly 'Androssowii', Bukhara, Uzbekistan (c.1910)
    Photo captioned 'Umbraculifera' but possibly 'Androssowii', Bukhara, Uzbekistan (c.1910)

Hybrid cultivars

Ulmus 'Karagatch' is a hybrid cultivar from Turkestan, selected in the early 20th century and said to be either a backcrossing of U. pumila and U. 'Androssowii' or simply a cultivar of 'Androssowi'.

Synonymy
  • Ulmus Androssowi: Litv. in Schedae ad Herbarium Florae Rossicae 8: 23, no. 2445, t.2, 1922.
  • Ulmus pumila f. androssowii (Litv.) Rehd.

Accessions
North America
  • Morton Arboretum, Illinois, US. Acc. no. 353-72 (received as U. pumila f. androssowii (Litv.) Rehder).
Europe

Nurseries
Europe

References
  1. Richens, R. H., Elm (Cambridge 1981), p.279
  2. Forestry Commission, Report on Forest Research for the year ended March 1987, Edinburgh 1987; p.45
  3. Rickmers, W. Rickmer, The Duab of Turkestan, a physiographic sketch and account of some travels (Cambridge, 1913), pp.172, 26, 63, 162, 166, 332
  4. Sokolov (1951). Trees & Shrubs in the U.S.S.R (in Russian), 2: 506.
  5. kiki.huh.harvard
  6. Rehder, Alfred (1939). "Rehder, new species, varieties and combinations". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 20: 88–89. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  7. Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  8. World Digital Library, wdl.org/en/item/5747/
  9. Rickmers, W. Rickmer, The Duab of Turkestan, a physiographic sketch and account of some travels (Cambridge, 1913), p.172
  10. Photos of 'Androssowii', yvision.kz (in Russian)
  11. Hesse, Hermann Albert (1932). Preis- und Sortenliste. pp. 96–97. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  12. naturalis.nl, specimen L.1582323
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