Ulmus chumlia

Ulmus chumlia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Ulmaceae
Genus:	Ulmus
Species:	U. chumlia
Binomial name
	Ulmus chumlia; Melville & Heybroek
Synonyms
	Ulmus androssowii var. subhirsuta C. K. Schneid. ; Ulmus androssowii var. virgata (Planch.) Grudz. ; Ulmus brandisiana A. Henry; Ulmus pumila var. pilosa Rehder; Ulmus virgata Wallich ex Planch.; Ulmus wilsoniana var. subhirsuta C. K. Schneid.;

Ulmus chumlia is a small deciduous tree endemic to the Himalaya from the Kashmir to central Nepal,[1] and the provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan and Xizang (Tibet) in China. It is found in broadleaf forest on mountain slopes at elevations of 1000–3000 m. Richens noted that the species appeared to be the same as that named by Grudzinskaya as Ulmus androssowii var. virgata, which she considered an intermediate between U. minor and U. pumila.[2]

Description

Very occasionally growing to 25 m high, it has a spreading crown of sinuous branches. The blackish-grey bark of the trunk is irregularly reticulate, and exfoliate. The wing-less branchlets bear narrow obovate-acuminate to elliptic-acuminate leaves < 10 cm long x 4 cm broad. The wind-pollinated apetalous flowers appear in spring, followed by orbicular samarae 10–12 mm in diameter.[3]

Pests and diseases

No information available.

Uses

Like most elms, the tree is valued as fodder. The bark fibres are used for rope making and are also included with wool to make extra warm clothing.[4]

Cultivation

The tree is not known to be in cultivation beyond Asia. Specimens introduced to the Netherlands by Heybroek in the 1960s did not prove hardy.

Hybrids and cultivars

Ulmus × brandisiana, a naturally occurring hybrid arising from a cross of U. chumlia and Ulmus wallichiana, first identified and named by Melville and Heybroek from specimens collected by the latter during his expedition to the Himalaya in 1960.[4] There are no known cultivars of U. chumlia, nor is it known to be in commerce.

References

Anisko, T. (2006). On the trail of the Himalayan elms. Plant exploration for Longwood Gardens. 19–23. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0881927382
Richens, R. H. (1977). Variation, cytogenics, and breeding of the European field elms. Annales Forestales Analiza Sumartsvo (Zagreb). 7, 107–141.
Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. ISBN 1-930723-40-7
Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. M. (1971). The Elms of the Himalaya. Kew Bulletin Vol. 26 (1). Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London.

External links

"Ulmus chumlia K000852639". Herbarium catalogue. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016. Heybroek specimen, W. Himalayas, 1960
"Ulmus chumlia K000852640". Herbarium catalogue. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016. Heybroek specimen, W. Himalayas, 1960
"Herbarium specimen - L.1586721". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. U. chumlia, Heybroek specimen, W. Himalayas, 1960

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[Anisko-1] Anisko, T. (2006). On the trail of the Himalayan elms. Plant exploration for Longwood Gardens. 19–23. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0881927382

[Richens-2] Richens, R. H. (1977). Variation, cytogenics, and breeding of the European field elms. Annales Forestales Analiza Sumartsvo (Zagreb). 7, 107–141.

[Fu-3] Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. ISBN 1-930723-40-7

[Melville-4] Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. M. (1971). The Elms of the Himalaya. Kew Bulletin Vol. 26 (1). Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London.