Ulmus lanceifolia

Ulmus lanceifolia Roxburgh, ex Wall. , occasionally known as the Vietnam elm, is a very large tree endemic to a wide area of southern Asia. Its range extends southeast and eastwards from Darjeeling in the Himalaya, through Bangladesh, southern China, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and on discontinuously into Indonesia, straddling the Equator in Sumatra and Celebes.

Ulmus lanceifolia
U. lanceifolia foliage,

Grange Farm Arboretum

Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Ulmaceae
Genus: Ulmus
Subgenus: U. subg. Ulmus
Section: U. sect. Lanceifolia
Species:
U. lanceifolia
Binomial name
Ulmus lanceifolia
Synonyms
  • Ulmus hookeriana Planch.
  • Ulmus lancaeafolia Roxburgh & Wall.
  • Ulmus lancifolia Roxburgh
  • Ulmus tonkinensis Gagnep.

Description

Ulmus lanceifolia can reach a maximum height of 45 m, placing it on a par with the English Elm, but with pendulous branches; the bark of the trunk exfoliates in thin scales. The leaves, borne on wing-less branchlets, are narrow, generally lanceolate, < 10 × 3.5 cm, and thick. Schneider's leaf-drawing (1907) shows some 16 vein-pairs.[1] The tree is deciduous in the north of its range, where it can occur at altitudes of up to 2500 m, but evergreen in the tropics. Given the latitudinal range, there is inevitably a substantial variation in its flowering time, beginning in October in the north, but advancing to February–March in the south. The obovate samarae are 12–30 mm long by 11–24 mm broad.[2][3] Ploidy: 2n = 28.[4]

  • U. lanceifolia foliage, Grange Farm Arboretum
    U. lanceifolia foliage, Grange Farm Arboretum
  • U. lanceifolia juvenile tree, Grange Farm Arboretum
    U. lanceifolia juvenile tree, Grange Farm Arboretum

Pests and diseases

U. lanceifolia was found to be among the least suitable elms for feeding and reproduction by the adult elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola [5] and feeding by the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica [6] in the United States.

Cultivation

Not cold-hardy, the species is very rare in cultivation; specimens introduced to the Netherlands from the Himalaya by Heybroek in the 1960s all perished.[7]

Accessions

Europe

References
  1. U. lanceifolia leaf-drawing in Schneider, Camillo Karl, Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde (Jena, 1907), p.903-904
  2. Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA.
  3. Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. M. (1971). The Elms of the Himalaya. Kew Bulletin Vol. 26 (1). Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London.
  4. "Ulmus lanceifolia in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  5. Miller, Fredric; Ware, George (2001-02-01). "Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmus spp.) to Feeding by the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. Oxford University Press (OUP). 94 (1): 162–166. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.162. ISSN 0022-0493. PMID 11233108. S2CID 42980569.
  6. Miller, Fredric; Ware, George; Jackson, Jennifer (2001-04-01). "Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms ( Ulmus spp.) for the Adult Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. Oxford University Press (OUP). 94 (2): 445–448. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.445. ISSN 0022-0493. PMID 11332837. S2CID 7520439.
  7. Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. ISBN 9789050112819
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