Uncinia

Uncinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, known as hook-sedges in Australia[3] and as hook grasses or bastard grasses in New Zealand.[4] The genus is characterised by the presence of a long hook formed by an extension of the rachilla,[5] which is used to attach the fruit to passing animals (epizoochory), especially birds,[6] and it is this feature which gives the genus its name, from the Latin uncinus, meaning a hook or barb.[7]

Uncinia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Uncinia
Pers.
Type species
Uncinia australis
Pers.[1]
Synonyms [2]
  • Agistron Raf.

Systematics

Uncinia is a "satellite genus" of the very large genus Carex, alongside other satellites such as Cymophyllus, Kobresia, Schoenoxiphium, Vesicarex.[8] Uncinia seems to form a monophyletic group, with the most distinct species being U. kingii, a species which has sometimes been placed in the genus Carex.[5] Similarly, Carex microglochin has sometimes been included in Uncinia, as U. microglochin.[9]

Distribution

Uncinia has a Gondwanan distribution,[5] with most species found Australia, New Zealand and South America,[3] as far north as Mexico and Jamaica.[10] Of the 50–60 species, 30 are endemic to New Zealand,[11] 6 are endemic to the east coast of Australia,[3] and 4 are endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands.[12] Smaller numbers of species are also found in New Guinea, Borneo, the Philippines, Hawaii, Tristan da Cunha, Kerguelen, Île Amsterdam, Île Saint-Paul, and the Prince Edward Islands, although none are known from the mainland of Africa.[10] This distribution suggests that the genus had an origin in Antarctica.[13]

It contains the following species:

References
  1. "Uncinia". Flora of Australia Online. Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. National Herbarium of New South Wales. "Genus Uncinia". New South Wales Flora Online. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
  4. Peter Johnson (2009). "Wetlands — Reeds, rushes, sedges and low growers'". Te Ara — the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  5. Julian R. Starr & Bruce A. Ford (2009). "Phylogeny and evolution in Cariceae (Cyperaceae): current knowledge and future directions". The Botanical Review. 75 (1): 110–137. doi:10.1007/s12229-008-9020-x. S2CID 38500919.
  6. Charles T. Bryson and Richard Carter (2008). "The Significance of Cyperaceae as Weeds" (PDF). In Robert A. Naczi & Bruce A. Ford (ed.). Sedges: Uses, Diversity, and Systematics of the Cyperaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. pp. 15–101. ISBN 978-1-930723-72-6.
  7. "Uncinia". Flora of Australia Online. Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
  8. Julian Richard Starr (2002). "Systematics of Uncinia Pers. (Cyperaceae)" (PDF). Oxford Plant Systematics. 9: 4–5.
  9. Julian R. Starr, Stephen A. Harris and David A. Simpson (2004). "Phylogeny of the unispicate taxa in Cyperaceae Tribe Cariceae I: generic relationships and evolutionary scenarios". Systematic Botany. 29 (3): 528–544. doi:10.1600/0363644041744455. S2CID 86230977.
  10. E. Nelmes (1949). "Notes on Cyperaceae: XX. The genus Uncinia in Malaysia". Kew Bulletin. 4 (2): 140–145. doi:10.2307/4113666. JSTOR 4113666.
  11. L. B. Moore & E. Edgar (1970). "Uncinia Pers., 1807". Flora of New Zealand. Volume II: Indigenous Tracheophyta — Monocotyledons except Graminae. ISBN 0-477-01889-0.
  12. Gerald A. Wheeler (2007). "Carex and Uncinia (Cyperaceae, Cariceae) from the Juan Fernández archipelago, Chile". Darwiniana. 45 (1).
  13. E. Nelmes (1951). "Facts and speculations on phylogeny in the Tribe Cariceae of the Cyperaceae". Kew Bulletin. 6 (3): 427–436. doi:10.2307/4118022. JSTOR 4118022.
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