World Esperanto Congress

The World Esperanto Congress (Esperanto: Universala Kongreso de Esperanto, UK) is an annual Esperanto convention. It has the longest tradition among international Esperanto conventions, with an almost unbroken run for 113 years. The congresses have been held since 1905 every year, except during World War I, World War II, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the 1920s, the Universal Esperanto Association has been organizing these congresses.

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Mark Fettes, president of the World Esperanto Association, during the 100th World Esperanto Congress in Lille (France), 2015

These congresses take place every year and, over the 30 years from 1985 through 2014, have gathered an average of about 2,000 participants (since World War II it has varied from 800 to 6,000, depending on the venue). The average number of countries represented is about 60. Some specialized organizations also gather a few hundred participants in their annual meetings. The World Congress usually takes place in the last week of July or first week of August, beginning and ending on a Saturday (8 days in total). For many years ILERA has operated an amateur radio station during the conventions.

Until 1980, meetings were held in Europe and the United States, with the exception of Japan in 1965. Since then, other countries have been Brazil, Canada, China, Cuba, South Korea, Australia, Israel, Vietnam and Argentina.

The attendance at each World Esperanto Congress from the 1st in 1905 until the 100th in 2015.
World Esperanto Congress 1908

History
Countries that have hosted the World Esperanto Congress, 1905–2018
NumberYearCityCountryNumber of
participants
1092024Arusha Tanzania 
1082023Turin Italy1318 [1]
1072022Montreal Canada859 [1]
1062021Internet[2]The Congress was originally planned to happen in Belfast but it was transferred online due to the
COVID-19 pandemic[3]		1853[4]
1052020Internet[2]The Congress was originally planned to happen in Montreal but it was transferred online due to the
COVID-19 pandemic[5]		2006[6]
1042019Lahti Finland917[7]
1032018Lisbon Portugal1567[8]
1022017Seoul South Korea1173[9]
1012016Nitra Slovakia1252[10]
1002015Lille France2698[11]
992014Buenos Aires Argentina706[12]
982013Reykjavík Iceland1034[13]
972012Hanoi Vietnam866[14]
962011Copenhagen Denmark1458[15]
952010Havana Cuba1002[16]
942009Białystok Poland1860
932008Rotterdam Netherlands1845
922007Yokohama Japan1901
912006Florence Italy2209
902005Vilnius Lithuania2235
892004Beijing China2031
882003Gothenburg Sweden1791
872002Fortaleza Brazil1484
862001Zagreb Croatia1691
852000Tel Aviv Israel1212
841999Berlin Germany2712
831998Montpellier France3133
821997Adelaide Australia1224
811996Prague Czech Republic2972
801995Tampere Finland2443
791994Seoul South Korea1776
781993Valencia Spain1863
771992Vienna Austria3033
761991Bergen Norway2400
751990Havana Cuba1617
741989Brighton United Kingdom2280
731988Rotterdam Netherlands2321
721987Warsaw Poland5946
711986Beijing China2482
701985Augsburg West Germany2311
691984Vancouver Canada802
681983Budapest Hungary4834
671982Antwerp Belgium1899
661981Brasília Brazil1749
651980Stockholm Sweden1807
641979Lucerne  Switzerland1630
631978Varna Bulgaria4414
621977Reykjavík Iceland1199
611976Athens Greece1266
601975Copenhagen Denmark1227
591974Hamburg West Germany1651
581973Belgrade Yugoslavia1638
571972Portland United States923
561971London United Kingdom2071
551970Vienna Austria1987
541969Helsinki Finland1857
531968Madrid Spain1769
521967Rotterdam Netherlands1265
511966Budapest Hungary3975
501965Tokyo Japan1710
491964The Hague Netherlands2512
481963Sofia Bulgaria3472
471962Copenhagen Denmark1550
461961Harrogate United Kingdom1646
451960Brussels Belgium1930
441959Warsaw Poland3256
431958Mainz West Germany2021
421957Marseille France1468
411956Copenhagen Denmark2200
401955Bologna Italy1687
391954Haarlem Netherlands2353
381953Zagreb Yugoslavia1760
371952Oslo Norway1614
361951Munich West Germany2040
351950Paris France2325
341949Bournemouth United Kingdom1534
331948Malmö Sweden1761
321947Bern  Switzerland1370
World War II
311939Bern  Switzerland765
301938London United Kingdom1602
291937Warsaw Poland1120
281936Vienna Austria854
271935Rome Italy1442
261934Stockholm Sweden2042
251933Cologne Nazi Germany950
241932Paris France1650
231931Kraków Poland900
221930Oxford United Kingdom1211
211929Budapest Hungary1200
201928Antwerp Belgium1494
191927Danzig Free City of Danzig905
181926Edinburgh United Kingdom960
171925Geneva  Switzerland953
161924Vienna Austria3400
151923Nuremberg Weimar Republic4963
141922Helsinki Finland850
131921Prague Czechoslovakia2561
121920The Hague Netherlands408
World War I
111915San Francisco United States163
101914Paris Francecancelled due
to World War I
91913Bern  Switzerland1203
81912Kraków Austria-Hungary1000
71911Antwerp Belgium1800
61910Washington, D.C. United States357
51909Barcelona Spain1287
41908Dresden Germany1500
31907Cambridge United Kingdom1317
21906Geneva  Switzerland1200
11905Boulogne-sur-Mer France688

Statistics

Countries

Countries by number of times as host:

Times hosted Country Years hosted
8 Germany[lower-alpha 1]1908, 1923, 1933, 1951, 1958, 1974, 1985, 1999
 United Kingdom[lower-alpha 2]1907, 1926, 1930, 1938, 1949, 1961, 1971, 1989
6 France1905, 1932, 1950, 1957, 1998, 2015
  Switzerland1906, 1913, 1925, 1939, 1947, 1979
 Netherlands1920, 1954, 1964, 1967, 1988, 2008
5 Poland[lower-alpha 3]1931, 1937, 1959, 1987, 2009
4 Belgium1911, 1928, 1960, 1982
 Finland1922, 1969, 1995, 2019
 Austria[lower-alpha 3]1924, 1936, 1970, 1992
 Sweden1934, 1948, 1980, 2003
 Denmark1956, 1962, 1975, 2011
 Italy1935, 1955, 2006, 2023[lower-alpha 4]
3 Spain1909, 1968, 1993
 United States1910, 1915, 1972
 Hungary[lower-alpha 3]1929, 1966, 1983
2 Czech Republic[lower-alpha 5]1921, 1996
 Norway1952, 1991
 Yugoslavia1953, 1973
 Bulgaria1963, 1978
 Japan1965, 2007
 Iceland1977, 2013
 China1986, 2004
 Canada1984, 2022
 Brazil1981, 2002
 Cuba1990, 2010
 South Korea1994, 2017
1 Austria-Hungary1912
 Danzig1927
 Greece1976
 Australia1997
 Israel2000
 Croatia[lower-alpha 6]2001
 Lithuania2005
 Vietnam2012
 Argentina2014
 Slovakia2016
 Portugal2018

Continents

Of the 102 congresses that have happened so far,[lower-alpha 7] 84 were hosted in Europe, 8 in Asia, 6 in North America, 3 in South America, 1 in Australia/Oceania and none in Africa.

Cities

Cities by number of times as host:

Times hosted City Years hosted
4 Austria Vienna 1924, 1936, 1970, 1992
Denmark Copenhagen 1956, 1962, 1975, 2011
3 Belgium Antwerp 1911, 1928, 1985
Switzerland Bern 1913, 1939, 1947
France Paris 1914, 1932, 1950
Hungary Budapest 1929, 1966, 1983
Poland Warsaw 1937, 1959, 1987
Netherlands Rotterdam 1967, 1988, 2008
2 Switzerland Geneva 1906, 1925
Poland Kraków 1912, 1931
Netherlands The Hague 1920, 1964
Czech Republic Prague 1921, 1996
Sweden Stockholm 1934, 1980
United Kingdom London 1938, 1971
Croatia Zagreb 1953, 2001
Finland Helsinki 1969, 1922
Iceland Reykjavík 1977, 2013
China Beijing 1986, 2004
Cuba Havana 1990, 2010
South Korea Seoul 1994, 2017

The remaining cities hosted the event only once.

See also

Notes
  1. As West Germany in 1951, 1958, 1974 and 1985.
  2. Does not include the 2021 Congress, which was originally scheduled to be in Belfast, but was held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  3. Does not include the 1912 Congress in Kraków, which happened in the territory of Austria-Hungary.
  4. Scheduled.
  5. As Czechoslovakia in 1921.
  6. Does not include the 1953 Congress in Zagreb, which happened in the territory of Yugoslavia.
  7. This excludes the cancelled 1914 congress and future congresses.

References
  1. "Universala Esperanto-Asocio: Listo de UK-oj". uea.org.
  2. "Virtuala Kongreso de Esperanto 2020". vk.mondafest.net.
  3. "Universala Esperanto-Asocio". uea.org.
  4. "Listo de aliĝintoj - Virtuala Kongreso de Esperanto 2021".
  5. "Universala Esperanto-Asocio".
  6. "Listo de aliĝintoj - Virtuala Kongreso de Esperanto 2020".
  7. "Universala Esperanto-Asocio: Gazetaraj Komunikoj". uea.org.
  8. "Universala Esperanto-Asocio: Universala Kongreso". uea.org.
  9. "Wayback Machine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-14.
  10. "Pribina - KONGRESA KURIERO DE LA 101 A UNIVERSALA KONGRESO DE ESPERANTO" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  11. Universala Esperanto-Asocio: "Fina statistiko de Lillo: 2698 aliĝintoj el 80 landoj".
  12. Universala Esperanto-Asocio: "Rezolucio de la 99-a Universala Kongreso de Esperanto".
  13. Universala Esperanto-Asocio: "La 98-a Universala Kongreso de Esperanto Archived 2013-05-03 at archive.today".
  14. "Loa! - Kongres a Kuriero de la 97a Universala Kongreso en Hanojo, Vjetnamio" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  15. Vikinga Voĉo, n-ro 6 (La kongresa Kuriero de la 96-a Universala Kongreso de Esperanto.
  16. "Universala Esperanto-Asocio". uea.org.
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