Vizianagaram district

Vizianagaram district is one of the six districts in the Uttarandhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh with its headquarters located at Vizianagaram.[4][5] The district was once the part of ancient Kalinga.Saripilli Dibbilingeswara temple, Jayathi Mallikarjuna Temple are the finest examples of ancient Eastern Ganga Dynasty built monuments in the district.[6] The district is bounded on the east by the district of Srikakulam, north by Parvathipuram Manyam south by Visakhapatnam, Anakapalli, southeast by the Bay of Bengal, and west by Alluri Sitharama Raju district. It was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam.[7] The district is named after the princely state of Vizianagaram (Vijaya means victory and Nagaram means city in Telugu). In 2011, it was the least populous district in Andhra Pradesh.[8]

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Vizianagaram.

Vizianagaram district
District of Andhra Pradesh
Clockwise from top-left: Vizianagaram Fort gate, Jayathi Kalinga Temples, Bodhikonda Jain caves at Ramateertham, Eastern Ghats near Sontivanipalem village, Dibbeshwara Temple
Location of Vizianagaram district
Country India
StateAndhra Pradesh
RegionUttarandhra
HeadquartersVizianagaram
Mandals28[1]
Government
 • District collectorS. Nagalakshmi I.A.S.
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesVizianagaram, Vishakapatnam
 • Assembly constituencies07
Area
 • Total4,122 km2 (1,592 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total1,930,811
 • Density470/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
 • Urban
429,764
Demographics
 • Literacy59.49%
 • Sex ratio1016
Vehicle registrationAP-35 (former)
AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[3]
Major highwaysNH-16
Coordinates18°12′N 83°24′E
Websitevizianagaram.ap.gov.in

Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, as per G.O.Ms.No.700/Revenue (U) Department, dated 15 May 1979 with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. The Taluks of Vizianagaram, Gajapathinagaram, Srungavarapukota and a portion of Bheemunipatnam Taluk were transferred from the Visakhapatnam District. The Salur, Bobbili, Parvathipuram and Cheepurupalli Taluks from Srikakulam district were transferred to the new district.

Geography
View of Vizianagaram town

It is situated within the geographical co-ordinates of 17- 15’ and 19 – 15’ of the northern latitudes and 83 – 00’ and 83 – 45’ of the eastern longitudes. Vizianagaram district occupies an area of 4,122 square kilometres (1,592 sq mi).[9]

The principal rivers flowing in the district are River Nagavali, Suvarnamukhi, Vegavathi, River Champavathi, River Gosthani and Kandivalasa. There are no major irrigation projects in the district. The Denkada Anicut, Thatipudi Reservoir, Andra Reservoir Project, Vegavathi Anicut, Surapadu Anicut, Seethanagaram Anicut, Peda Ankalam Anicut, Vottigedda Reservoir Project, Paradi Anikut, Thotapalli Regulator and Vengala Raya Sagaram Project are the medium irrigation projects.[10] The total irrigated area under these projects and the other minor projects are about 285,077 acres (1,154 km2). Jhanjavati Project[11]

Climate

The climate of Vizianagaram district is characterised by high humidity nearly all-round the year with oppressive summer and good seasonal rainfall. The maximum temperature recorded during 2004 was 39.6O C during May and the minimum temperature is 17.1O C during December.

The normal rainfall of the district for the year is 1,131.0 mm as against the actual rainfall of 740.6 mm received during 2002–03. The district gets the benefit of both the South-West and North-East monsoon.

The average maximum and minimum temperatures and average rainfall recorded in 2004 at Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram are given below:

Climate data for Vizianagaram
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 38.7
(101.7)		 31.3
(88.3)		 36.2
(97.2)		 37.2
(99.0)		 39.0
(102.2)		 35.1
(95.2)		 32.9
(91.2)		 32.8
(91.0)		 33.3
(91.9)		 31.9
(89.4)		 30.2
(86.4)		 29.8
(85.6)		 34.0
(93.3)
Average low °C (°F) 18.2
(64.8)		 19.1
(66.4)		 23.2
(73.8)		 26.1
(79.0)		 27.0
(80.6)		 26.8
(80.2)		 25.7
(78.3)		 26.3
(79.3)		 25.7
(78.3)		 22.8
(73.0)		 19.5
(67.1)		 17.1
(62.8)		 23.1
(73.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 13.5
(0.53)		 1.2
(0.05)		 14.0
(0.55)		 27.1
(1.07)		 54.8
(2.16)		 183.2
(7.21)		 256.1
(10.08)		 105.2
(4.14)		 92.5
(3.64)		 141.8
(5.58)		 30.2
(1.19)		 0.0
(0.0)		 919.6
(36.2)
Source: [12]

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901929,913—    
1911976,938+0.49%
1921987,532+0.11%
19311,085,952+0.95%
19411,198,241+0.99%
19511,306,389+0.87%
19611,411,055+0.77%
19711,589,558+1.20%
19811,804,196+1.27%
19912,110,943+1.58%
20012,249,254+0.64%
20112,344,474+0.42%
source:[13]

According to the 2011 census, Vizianagaram district has a population of 2,344,474.[14] This gives it a ranking of 193rd in India (out of a total of 640).[8] The district has a population density of 358 inhabitants per square kilometre (930/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 4.16%. Vizianagaram has a sex ratio of 1016 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 59.49%.[8][15]

The district had a population of 9,58,778 in 1901. The total population of the district increased to 22,49,254 as per the 2001 census. They consisted of 11,19,541 males and 11,29,713 females. There were 1009 females per 1000 males in the district. The total area is 6,539 square kilometres. The population density was 344 inhabitants per square kilometre (890/sq mi). The increase in population during the decennium from 1991 to 2001 is 6.55 percent for the district as against 14.6 percent for the Andhra Pradesh State. The Scheduled Caste population was 2,38,023 and Scheduled Tribe population was 2,14,839 which comes to 10.58% and 9.55% respective to the total population of the district.

The rural population of the district is 18.37 lakhs which comes to 82% of the total population and the urban population is 4.12 lakhs which comes to 18% of the total population. Vizianagaram Town with a population of 1,95,801 is the only Class-I town in the district. There are twelve towns in the district: Vizianagaram, Cheepurupalli, Gajularega, Kanapaka, Bobbili, Parvathipuram, Salur, Sriramnagar, Nellimarla, Kothavalasa, Chintalavalasa, Jarjapupeta and Gajapathinagaram. All the towns are in plain areas of the district.

Religions in Vizianagaram district (2011)[16]
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 98.26%
Muslims
 
 0.76%
Christians
 
 0.55%
Other or not stated
 
 0.43%
Distribution of religions

After bifurcation, the district had a population of 19,30,811, of which 429,764 (22.26%) lived in urban areas. Vizianagaram district had a sex ratio of 1010 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 53.21%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 2,07,333 (10.74%) and 46,884 (2.43%) of the population respectively.[17]: 83–88 [18] Telugu was the predominant language, spoken by 98.76% of the population.[19]

Languages in Vizianagaram district (2011)
Language Percent
Telugu
 
 98.76%
Other or not stated
 
 1.24%
Distribution of languages

Household indicators

In 2007–2008, the International Institute for Population Sciences interviewed 1232 households in 41 villages across the district.[20] They found that 78.7% had access to electricity, 84.1% had drinking water, 18.5% toilet facilities, and 33.9% lived in a pucca (permanent) home.[20] 28.6% of girls wed before the legal age of 18 and 87.3% of interviewees carried a BPL card.[20]

Economy

In 2006, the Indian government named Vizianagaram one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[21] It is one of the thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[21]

The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is ₹18,382 crore (US$2.3 billion) and it contributes 3.5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was ₹61,157 (US$770). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹4,961 crore (US$620 million), ₹3,148 crore (US$390 million) and ₹10,272 crore (US$1.3 billion) respectively.[22] The major products contributing to the GVA of the district from agriculture and allied services are sugarcane, paddy, mango, tomato, milk, meat and fisheries. The GVA to the industrial and service sector is contributed from construction, manufacturing, minor minerals, education and ownership of dwellings.[22]

Industry
Facor unit in Vizianagaram district

Certain famous industries include

Notable people

Politics

There are seven assembly and two parliamentary constituencies in Vizianagaram district. The parliamentary constituencies includes Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram . The assembly constituencies[26] in Vizianagaram district are Bobbili, Cheepurupalli, Rajam, Srungavarapukota, Gajapathinagaram, Nellimarla and Vizianagaram. There are 3 revenue divisions, 26 Mandals, 935 Panchayats and 1,551 revenue villages in Vizianagaram district.[27] The revenue divisions are Parvathipuram and Vizianagaram. Vizianagaram parliamentary constituency is represented by the former Union Civil Aviation Minister Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju.

Parliament segment

Vizianagaram (Lok Sabha constituency), Visakhapatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)

Assembly segments

The six Assembly segments of Vizianagaram Lok Sabha and one Assembly segment in Vizak Lok Sabha constituency are:[28]

Constituency number Name Reserved for (SC/ST/none) Parliament
9 Rajam SC Vizianagaram
14 Bobbili None
15 Cheepurupalli None
16 Gajapathinagaram None
17 Nellimarla None
18 Vizianagaram None
19 Srungavarapukota None Visakhapatnam

Administrative divisions
Vizianagaram District
Satellite view of Vizianagaram district

The district is divided into three revenue divisions: Bobbili, Cheepurupalli and Vizianagaram, which are further subdivided into a total of 28 mandals, each headed by a sub-collector.

Mandals

The list of 28 mandals in Krishna district, divided into three revenue divisions, is given below.[29][30][31]

  1. Bobbili revenue division
    1. Bobbili
    2. Ramabhadrapuram
    3. Badangi
    4. Therlam
    5. Gajapathinagaram
    6. Dattirajeru
    7. Mentada
  2. Cheepurupalli revenue division
    1. Cheepurupalli
    2. Garividi
    3. Gurla
    4. Merakamudidam
    5. Vangara
    6. Regidi Amadalavalasa
    7. Santhakavati mandal
    8. Rajam
  3. Vizianagaram revenue division
    1. Vizianagaram Urban
    2. Gantyada
    3. Poosapatirega
    4. Denkada
    5. Bhogapuram
    6. Srungavarapukota
    7. Jami
    8. Vepada
    9. Lakkavarapukota
    10. Kothavalasa
    11. Bondapalli
    12. Nellimarla
    13. Vizianagaram Rural

Towns in district
 
 
Largest cities or towns in Vizianagaram District
As per the 2011 Census
Rank Division Pop.
Vizianagaram
Vizianagaram
Bobbili
Bobbili		 1VizianagaramVizianagaram Division2,28,720
2BobbiliBobbili Division56,819
3RajamCheepurupalli Division42,197
4S.KotaVizianagaram Division28,304
5NellimarlaCheepurupalli Division26,259
6KottavalasaVizianagaram Division20,232
7GarividiCheepurupalli Division18,893
8CheepurupalleCheepurupalli Division14,487
9BhogapuramVizianagaram Division9,341
10[[{{{city_10}}}]][[{{{div_10}}}]]{{{pop_10}}}

Municipalities in district
S.no. City/town Civic status

of town

 No. of

wards

 Municipality

Formation Year

 2011 Census

Population

 2001 Census

Population

 1991 Census

Population

 1981 Census

Population

 1971 Census

Population

 1961 Census

Population

 1951 Census

Population

1 Vizianagarm Municipal Corporation 50 1888 2,28,720 1,76,023 1,77,022 1,29,170 99,004 76,808 67,104
2 Bobbili Municipality Grade - 2 31 1956 56,819 50,096 43,249 36,239 30,649 25,592 23,102
3 Rajam Nagar Panchayat 20 2005 42,197 - - - - -
4 Nellimarla Nagar Panchayat 20 2013 26,259 - - - - - -

[32][33][34]

Culture
Portrait of Gurazada Apparao at Vizianagaram

The predominant religion is Hinduism. The major festivals are Sankranthi, Ugadi and Rama Navami, Maha Shivaratri, Deepavali, Vinayaka Chavithi, Dasara and Vijayadasami. The nine-day festival celebrations during Rama Navami and Ganesh Chaturthi are very popular in many towns and associated with many cultural events including Stage Dramas, Harikathas, Burra kathas etc. Festivals of Gramadevatha are held annually at Vizianagaram, Bobbili, Salur, Parvathipuram and Sambara with much fanfare. The most popular amongst them is Pydithalli Ammavari Jatra, celebrated at Vizianagaram on the next Tuesday of Vijayadasami day. And also Polamma Jatara, at Sambara in Sambara Village of Makkuva Mandal is a Very much state known famous festival being celebrated in every third week of January. This is a very renowned festival for north andhra people.

The cuisine is strikingly South Indian style with rice as the staple food accompanied by dals, rasam or sambar, vegetable curries, pickles and curd.

Transport
APSRTC buses at Vizianagaram Bus Complex

The total road length of state highways in the district is 777 km (483 mi).[35] Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation runs bus services to all the major cities and towns of the state from the district. Major railway stations in the district include Amudalavalasa, Srikakulam Road, Palasa etc. Railway network in the entire district comes under Waltair (Vishakapatnam) division of the South Coast Railway zone. Vizianagaram and Kothavalasa are the main railway junctions. There are 28 railway stations in the district.

National Highways 5 and 43 passes through the district and covers a distance of 200 kilometres. National Highway 43 (India) runs almost entirely in Vizianagaram district for a distance of 83 kilometres and passes through Odisha to Raipur in Chhattisgarh (total length of 551 kilometres). It passes through Vizianagaram, Gajapathinagaram, Ramabhadrapuram and Salur towns. National Highway 5 passes through coastal mandals of Bhogapuram and Pusapatirega. State Highways covers a distance of 122 kilometres, major district roads 852 kilometres and rural roads 781 kilometres.[36]

Tourism
1000-year-old Sri Rama temple on top of Bodhikonda, Ramatheertham

Ramatheertham is a village panchayat in Nellimarla mandal of Vizianagaram district. It is located 12 km from Vizianagaram city.

Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[37][38] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 3,875 schools. They include 85 government, 2,060 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 618 private, 16 model, 33 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 112 municipal and 423 other types of schools.[39] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 307,298.[40]

Vizianagaram district has been comparatively backward in the field of education. The literacy rate is 51.82% as against the average of 61.55% for the entire Andhra Pradesh State.

There are 38 branch libraries in the district managed by Zilla Granthalaya Samstha. They are located 1–two in each mandal. There are about 41 book depot centres in the district.

Temples

There are eleven temples under the management of Endowments Department.[46]

Trust controlled temples
S.no TempleMandalVillage
1 Sri Yellaramma Ammavari TempleJamiJami
2 Sri Ganapathi etc. TemplesPusapatiregaKumili
3 Sri Pydithalli Ammavari TempleBhoghapuramPolipalle
4 Sri Kotilingeswara Swamy TempleSrungavarapukota Srungavarapukota
5 Sri Mannar Rajagopala Swamy TempleVizianagaram Vizianagaram
6 Sri Sanyaseswara Swamy Temple Srungavarapukota Dharmavaram

See also

References
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  2. "District Census Hand Book – Vizianagaram" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  3. "New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 31 January 2019. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  4. "Srikakulam | Andhra Pradesh | DISTRICTS OF INDIA". districts.nic.in. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  5. "Population of AP districts(2011)" (PDF). ap.gov.in. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  6. Donaldson, Thomas E. (1985). "No 4 - Temples of the 10th and 11th centuries of Interior Orissa". Hindu Temple art of Orissa. I. Vol. 1 Part= 1. Leiden, The Netherlands: Leiden E.J Brill. pp. 254–256.
  7. Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  8. "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  9. Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1111–1112. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  10. "Water Resources Information System". cgg.gov.in. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2007.
  11. "Rubber dam in focus at Arthur Cotton anniversary". The Hindu. 16 May 2006.
  12. Hand Book of Statistics, Vizianagaram district, 2004–2005, Compiled and Published by The Chief Planning Officer, Vizianagaram.
  13. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  14. "Census 2011" (PDF). AP government portal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  15. "Census 2011". Official website of Viziznagaram district. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  16. "Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  17. "District Census Hand Book – Vizianagaram" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  18. "District Census Hand Book – Srikakulam" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  19. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  20. "District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), 2007-08: India. Andhra Pradesh" (PDF). International Institute for Population Sciences and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  21. Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  22. "Economy of Vizianagaram District". Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  23. "::.FACOR.::Ferro Alloys Corporation Ltd". facorgroup.in.
  24. http://www.jindalstainless.com/
  25. "Andhra Ferro Alloys Limited – Exporter of Ferro Alloy & Ferro Silico Manganese from Visakhapatnam". indiamart.com.
  26. District-wise Assembly constituencies in Andhra Pradesh
  27. "Mandals in Vizianagaram district". AP State Portal. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  28. "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" (PDF). The Election Commission of India. 17 December 2018. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  29. "Divisions and Mandals | Vizianagaram District Website | India". Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  30. "New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh". Sakshi Post. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  31. Gopi Dara (12 November 2022). "Andhra Pradesh: 3 mandals to be shifted to other divisions | Vijayawada News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  32. "Municipal Corporations | Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration". cdma.ap.gov.in. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  33. "First Grade | Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration". cdma.ap.gov.in. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  34. "Nagarpanchayats | Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration". cdma.ap.gov.in. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  35. "Existing State Highways" (PDF). Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation. Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  36. A.P.Roads and Buildings Department
  37. "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
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  39. "School Information Report". Commissionerate of School Education. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  40. "Student Information Report". Commissionerate of School Education. Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  41. http://jntukucev.ac.in/
  42. http://avanthienggcollege.ac.in/
  43. "M.V.G.R.College of Engineering". Archived from the original on 18 June 2007. Retrieved 30 May 2007.
  44. http://sttheressaengg.ac.in/ St. Theressa Institute of Engineering and Technology
  45. http://www.tpist.org/
  46. "Trust Boards Abstract". AP Temples Portal, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 24 July 2018.

Further reading
  • Handbook of Statistics-Vizianagaram district, 2004-2005, compiled and published by The Chief Planning Officer, Vizianagaram.
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