Xiaoyao Faction

The Xiaoyao Faction or Xiaoyao Pai[1] (Chinese: 逍遥派),[2] also known as Tea-drinking Faction (喝茶派), [3] translated into English as Wanderers' Faction[4] or Faction of Bystanders[5] or Carefree Clique,[6] refers to the illiterate or indifferent people who do not belong to any mass organization, who do not engage in any factional struggle,[7] and who stay away from radical movements, [8] during the Cultural Revolution.[9] It included some cadres of the Chinese Communist Party, [10] and some less active Red Guards.[11]

Xiaoyao Faction
Traditional Chinese逍遙派
Simplified Chinese逍遥派
Literal meaningFaction of Bystanders

The term "xiaoyao" comes from Zhuangzi,[12] and its original meaning in the phrase "xiaoyao pai" means having no conflicts with the world and being at ease. "Xiaoyao Pai" became a special term during the Cultural Revolution.[13] They were spectators of the Cultural Revolution.[14] At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, there were very few members of the Xiaoyao Faction, but as the movement progressed, its members gradually expanded.[15]

The Xiaoyao Faction was used as a term of criticism at the time. It was considered a derogatory term, and members of the so-called Xiaoyao Faction were seen as dishonorable.[16] However, since the Xiaoyao Faction was a group of "cold-eyed spectators" during the Cultural Revolution, they could obtain rational thinking and political wisdom that the "Rebel Faction" (造反派) could not. Because of this, a new group of independent spiritual bearers emerged from the original "Xiaoyao Faction".[17]

Notable representatives of the Xiaoyao Faction included Li Yuanchao,[18] Li Zehou,[19] Yan Jiaqi,[20] Liu Zaifu,[21] Fang Lizhi,[22] and Xu Liangying.

See also

References
  1. Chinese Sociology and Anthropology. M.E. Sharpe. 1986. pp. 85–.
  2. Yiching Wu Wu (16 June 2014). The Cultural Revolution at the Margins. Harvard University Press. pp. 244–. ISBN 978-0-674-41986-5.
  3. Victor C. Falkenheim (1987). Citizens and Groups in Contemporary China. University of Michigan Press. pp. 83–. ISBN 978-0-89264-066-9.
  4. Laifong Leung; Jan Walls (16 September 2016). Morning Sun: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation. Routledge. pp. 477–. ISBN 978-1-315-28827-7.
  5. Francis K. T. Mok (25 November 2019). Civilian Participants in the Cultural Revolution: Being Vulnerable and Being Responsible. Routledge. pp. 242–. ISBN 978-0-429-96043-7.
  6. Jonathan Fenby (29 May 2008). The Penguin History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 - 2009. Penguin Books. pp. 1997–. ISBN 978-0-14-191761-0.
  7. P. C. Sinha (2006). Encyclopaedia of South East and Far East Asia. Anmol Publications. pp. 1852–. ISBN 978-81-261-2646-0.
  8. "Xiaoyao Faction - Li Bihua". Apple Daily. 2013-08-14. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  9. Laifong Leung (16 March 1994). Morning Sun: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 306–. ISBN 978-0-7656-3559-4.
  10. Hong Yung Lee (14 August 2018). From Revolutionary Cadres to Party Technocrats in Socialist China. University of California Press. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-0-520-30307-2.
  11. Ji Fengyuan (30 November 2003). Linguistic Engineering: Language and Politics in Mao's China. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 143–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2536-2.
  12. Wang Meng (2003). Wang Meng Text Deposit: Season of Carnival. People's Literature Publishing House. pp. 211–. ISBN 978-7-02-004300-2.
  13. Contemporary. People's Literature Publishing House. 2000. pp. 63–.
  14. Wang Shaoguang (2009). Failure of Charisma: The Chinese Cultural Revolution in Wuhan. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-962-996-346-0.
  15. Yang Jisheng (4 July 2017). The World Turned Upside Down: A History of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Cosmos Books. pp. 233–. GGKEY:L6GTAS7DJ5F.
  16. Sun Nutao (4 September 2020). Torture of Consciousness : Journey of A Group Leader for the Qinghua Cultural Revolution. China Culture Communication Publishing House. pp. 1–.
  17. "Mao Zedong's Later Years Paradox and His Legacy——The 30th Anniversary of the Cultural Revolution". Chinese University of Hong Kong. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  18. Editorial Department of New Historical Records (25 October 2012). "New Historical Records" Issue 10: Sent-down youth in power: unpredictable and not to be messed with. New Historical Records Magazine Agency. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-1-63032-334-9.
  19. Li Zehou; Ma Qunlin (22 March 2018). The Collected Works of Li Zehou. World Books Publishing Company. pp. 218–. ISBN 978-7-5192-4327-2.
  20. Helmut Martin (1995). Criticism and Biography of Chinese Mainland Contemporary Cultural Celebrities: Pioneers of Civil Society. Zhengzhong Bookstore. pp. 329–. ISBN 978-957-09-0972-2.
  21. Critic, Volumes 1-2. Critic Magazine Agency. pp. 86–.
  22. Yearbook of Chinese People. Huayi Publishing House. 1990. pp. 318–.
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