Streptomycetaceae

The Streptomycetaceae are a family of Actinomycetota, making up the monotypic order Streptomycetales. It includes the important genus Streptomyces. This was the original source of many antibiotics, namely streptomycin, the first antibiotic against tuberculosis.

Streptomycetaceae
Slide culture of a Streptomyces species
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Streptomycetales
Cavalier-Smith 2002[1]
Family: Streptomycetaceae
Waksman and Henrici 1943 (Approved Lists 1980)[2]
Genera[3]
  • Allostreptomyces Huang et al. 2017
  • Embleya Nouioui et al. 2018
  • Kitasatospora corrig. Ōmura et al. 1983
  • "Marinispora" Kwon et al. 2006
  • "Parastreptomyces" Nichols et al. 2005
  • Streptacidiphilus Kim et al. 2003
  • Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • "Waksmania" Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1957
  • Yinghuangia Nouioui et al. 2018
Synonyms
  • Streptomycetales:
    • "Streptomycetales" (Rainey et al. 1997) Kämpfer 2012
  • Streptomycetaceae:
    • Allostreptomycetaceae Salam et al. 2020
    • Carbonactinosporaceae Volpiano et al. 2021
    • Streptomycetineae corrig. Rainey et al. 1997
    • Streptomycineae Rainey et al. 1997

Genomics

Sequence alignments of actinomycetotal genomes have led to the identification of three conserved signature indels which are unique to the order Streptomycetales. The enzyme PBGD contains a four-amino-acid insertion which is present in all Streptomyces species and Kitasatospora setae, but not any other Actinomycetota. Similarly, a one- amino-acid insertion is present in a conserved region of adenylate kinase and is found in all Streptomyces species and K. setae, but is not found in any other Actinomycetota. Five conserved signature proteins have also been identified which are present in various sequenced Streptomyces species, but not in K. setae; however, as the complete genome of K. setae has not yet been sequenced, these proteins may be present in K. setae. Additionally, 11 conserved signature proteins have been identified which are found in all sequenced Streptomyces species and K. setae. These proteins are believed to be unique to the Streptomycetales order, thus provide molecular markers which can be used to distinguish this group from the rest of the Actinomycetota. Phylogenetic trees indicate that the order Catenulisporales is closely related to the order Streptomycetales. This inference is supported by a one-amino-acid conserved signature indel which is uniquely found in all Streptomycetales species and Catenulisporales acidiphilia, the only Catenulisporales species whose complete genome has been sequenced. Additionally, three conserved signature proteins have been identified which are found in all Streptomycetales species and C. acidiphilia. Both the conserved signature indel and the conserved signature proteins provide evidence that the orders Streptomycetales and Catenulisporales are closely related.[4]

Phylogeny

The accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).[3] The phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis.[5][lower-alpha 1]

 
Streptomycetales
 

Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus

 
 
 

Yinghuangia

 
 
 

Embleya

 
 
 

Streptomyces

 
 
 

Streptacidiphilus

 
 

Kitasatospora

 
 
 
 
 
 
outgroup

Catenulisporales

 
 

Notes
  1. Allostreptomyces is not included in this phylogenetic tree.

References
  1. Cavalier-Smith T. (2002). "The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 52 (Pt 1): 7–76. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7. PMID 11837318.
  2. Waksman SA, Henrici AT. (1943). "The Nomenclature and Classification of the Actinomycetes". J Bacteriol. 46 (4): 337–341. doi:10.1128/jb.46.4.337-341.1943. PMC 373826. PMID 16560709. S2CID 8824754.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Streptomycetaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 9, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  4. Gao, B.; Gupta, R. S. (2012). "Phylogenetic Framework and Molecular Signatures for the Main Clades of the Phylum Actinobacteria". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 76 (1): 66–112. doi:10.1128/MMBR.05011-11. PMC 3294427. PMID 22390973.
  5. Nouioui I, Carro L, García-López M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk H-P, Goodfellow M, Markus Göker M. (2018). "Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria". Front. Microbiol. 9: 2007. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007. PMC 6113628. PMID 30186281.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

Data related to Streptomycetaceae at Wikispecies

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