Endoneurium

The endoneurium (also called endoneurial channel, endoneurial sheath, endoneurial tube, or Henle's sheath) is a layer of delicate connective tissue around the myelin sheath of each myelinated nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system.[1] Its component cells are called endoneurial cells.[2] The endoneuria with their enclosed nerve fibers are bundled into groups called nerve fascicles,[3] each fascicle within its own protective sheath called a perineurium.[3][4] In sufficiently large nerves multiple fascicles, each with its blood supply and fatty tissue, may be bundled within yet another sheath, the epineurium.

Endoneurium
Transverse section of human tibial nerve.
Nerve structure
Details
Part ofmyelin sheath of nerves
SystemNervous system
Identifiers
TA98A14.2.00.014
TA26158
FMA52586
Anatomical terminology

The endoneurium contains a liquid known as endoneurial fluid, which contains little protein. In the peripheral nervous system the endoneurial fluid is notionally equivalent to cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system. Peripheral nerve injuries commonly release increased amounts of endoneurial fluid into surrounding tissues; these can be detected by magnetic resonance neurography, thereby assisting in locating injuries to peripheral nerves.

The endoneurium runs longitudinally along the nerve fiber, but with discontinuities where septa pass inward from the innermost layer of the perineurium. It contains fine bundles of fibrous connective tissue, primarily collagen, embedded in a matrix of ground substance.[5] This structure serves to support capillary blood vessels, arranged so as to form a network of elongated meshes. Similar structures occur around some nervous components elsewhere in the body, for example around the Schwann cells on the peripheral side of the transitional zone on the auditory nerve.[6]

See also

References
  1. "Neurohistology lecture" (PDF). Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  2. Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn (2007). Human Anatomy & Physhyphysiology (7th Ed.). Pearson. pp. 498–9. ISBN 978-0-8053-5909-1.
  3. Barral, Jean-Pierre; Croibier, Alain (2009-01-01), Barral, Jean-Pierre; Croibier, Alain (eds.), "Chapter 1 - Some preliminary thoughts", Manual Therapy for the Cranial Nerves, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 1–5, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3100-7.50004-5, ISBN 978-0-7020-3100-7, retrieved 2020-11-18
  4. Sheikh, Kazim A. (2005-01-01), Waxman, Stephen G. (ed.), "25 - AMAN: What It Teaches Us about Mechanisms Underlying Axonal Injury", Multiple Sclerosis As A Neuronal Disease, Burlington: Academic Press, pp. 355–371, doi:10.1016/b978-012738761-1/50026-2, ISBN 978-0-12-738761-1, retrieved 2020-11-18
  5. Reina, Miguel A.; Sala-Blanch, Xavier; Arriazu, Riánsares; Machés, Fabiola (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 7 - Microscopic Morphology and Ultrastructure of Human Peripheral Nerves", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 91–106, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00007-x, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0, retrieved 2020-11-18
  6. Fraher JP (2000). "The transitional zone and CNS regeneration". J. Anat. 196 (1): 137–58. PMID 10697296.
  • Histology image: 21301loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Ultrastructure of the Cell: myelinated axon and Schwann cell"
  • Histology image: 21401loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Ultrastructure of the Cell: arteriole and peripheral nerve"
  • Histology image: 1_03 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
  • Histology at University of California, Los Angeles
  • Diagram at Howard University
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