Inferior phrenic arteries
The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels which supply the diaphragm.[1][2] They present much variety in their origin.[1][2]
| Inferior phrenic arteries | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Posterior abdominal wall, after removal of the peritoneum, showing kidneys, suprarenal capsules, and great vessels | |
| Details | |
| Source | Abdominal aorta |
| Branches | Superior suprarenal artery |
| Vein | Inferior phrenic vein |
| Supplies | Thoracic diaphragm |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | Arteriae phrenicae inferiores |
| TA98 | A12.2.12.002 |
| TA2 | 4206 |
| FMA | 14734 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Structure
Origin
The inferior phrenic arteries usually arise between T12 and L2 vertebrae.[3] They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery.[1][2] Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta.[1][2]
Branches
They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface.
- The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus.
- The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch.
- The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries.
- The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus.
Function
The inferior phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm.[1][2] Each of the smaller vessels give off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively.
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 612 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- Akhilandeswari, B.; Ranganath, Priya (2013-06-01). "Variations in the source of origin of inferior phrenic artery: a cadaveric study". Journal of the Anatomical Society of India. 62 (1): 6–9. doi:10.1016/S0003-2778(13)80004-4. ISSN 0003-2778.
- Loukas, Marios; Hullett, Joel; Wagner, Teresa (2005). "Clinical anatomy of the inferior phrenic artery". Clinical Anatomy. 18 (5): 357–365. doi:10.1002/ca.20112. ISSN 1098-2353. PMID 15971218. S2CID 21224204.
- Hiwatashi, Akio; Yoshida, Kisaku (September 2003). "The origin of right inferior phrenic artery on multidetector row helical CT". Clinical Imaging. 27 (5): 298–303. doi:10.1016/s0899-7071(02)00553-3. ISSN 0899-7071. PMID 12932678.
External links
- Anatomy photo:40:11-0200 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: Branches of the Abdominal Aorta"
- Cross section image: pembody/body8a—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna (#23)