Vinckeia
Vinckeia is a subgenus of the genus Plasmodium — all of which are parasitic alveolates. The subgenus Vinckeia was created by Cyril Garnham in 1964 to accommodate the mammalian parasites other than those infecting the primates.[1][2]
| Vinckeia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Chromista |
| Subkingdom: | Harosa |
| Infrakingdom: | Halvaria |
| Superphylum: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Apicomplexa |
| Class: | Aconoidasida |
| Order: | Haemospororida |
| Family: | Plasmodiidae |
| Genus: | Plasmodium |
| Subgenus: | Vinckeia |
Diagnostic features
Species in this subgenus infect mammals other than the higher primates. Species infecting lemurs have since been included in this subgenus. This classification may not be correct.[3]
Schizonts: These do not fill the erythrocyte and do not show true stippling. They give rise normally to 8 or fewer merozoites. Schizogony normally takes three days or less.
Merozoites:
Gametocytes: These are spherical.
Species in this subgenus
The following is a list of species in subgenus Vinckeia and their hosts.
- Plasmodium achromaticum — insectivorous bat species
- Plasmodium aegyptensis — African grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus)[4]
- Plasmodium anomaluri — African flying squirrel (Anomalurus species)
- Plasmodium atheruri — African brush-tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus), Large vesper mouse (Calomys callosus) and Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), Anopheles stephensi
- Plasmodium berghei — the African woodland thicket rat (Grammomys surdaster), Anopheles stephensi
- Plasmodium booliati — the Malayan giant flying squirrel Petaurista petaurista[5][6]: 51,69
- Plasmodium bouillize
- Plasmodium brodeni — four-toed elephant shrews (Petrodromus tetradactylus)
- Plasmodium bubalis — water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
- Plasmodium bucki
- Plasmodium caprae — domestic goat (Capra hircus)
- Plasmodium cephalophi — the antelope (Cephalophus grimmi) and the common duiker/grey duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia)[7]
- Plasmodium cercopitheci
- Plasmodium chabaudi — Anopheles stephensi
- Plasmodium coulangesi
- Plasmodium cyclopsi — the Cyclops roundleaf bat (Hipposideros cyclops)[8]
- Plasmodium foleyi
- Plasmodium girardi
- Plasmodium incertae — flying squirrel
- Plasmodium inopinatum
- Plasmodium joyeuxi
- Plasmodium landauae — African flying squirrels (Anomalurus species)
- Plasmodium lemuris
- Plasmodium melanipherum — the common bent-wing bat/Schreibers' bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)
- Plasmodium narayani
- Plasmodium odocoilei — white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
- Plasmodium percygarnhami
- Plasmodium pulmophilium — African flying squirrel (Anomalurus species)
- Plasmodium sandoshami — the Sunda flying lemur (Galeopterus variegatus)
- Plasmodium semnopitheci
- Plasmodium traguli — mouse deer
- Plasmodium tyrio — the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)
- Plasmodium uilenbergi
- Plasmodium vinckei – rodents
- Plasmodium voltaicum — the Angolan rousette (a fruit bat, Myonycteris angolensis/Rousettus smithi)
- Plasmodium watteni — Formosan giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista grandis)[9][6]: 69
- Plasmodium yoelii — Anopheles stephensi
Evolutionary history
Sharp et al 2020[10] reanalyze the available amino acid substitution data and conclude that chabaudi, yoelii, and berghei cluster relatively close together. Further they find chabaudi split off first and the berghei/yoelii division is more recent.[10]
By host
Murine malaria
Murine malaria – malaria in mice – is caused by P. berghei, P. chabaudi, P. vinckei and P. yoelii. Some strains produce cerebral malaria and some do not.[11]
References
- Garnham, P.C.C. (1964). "The subgenera of Plasmodium in mammals" (PDF). Ann Soc Belges Med Trop Parasitol Mycol. 44 (2): 267–71. PMID 14237568.
- Garnham, P.C.C. (1966). Malaria parasites and other Haemosporidia. Blackwell Scientific. ISBN 9780632017706. OCLC 602883318.
- Pacheco MA, Battistuzzi FU, Junge RE, Cornejo OE, Williams CV, Landau I, Rabetafika L, Snounou G, Jones-Engel L, Escalante AA (2011). "Timing the origin of human malarias: the lemur puzzle". BMC Evol. Biol. 11: 299. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-299. PMC 3228831. PMID 21992100.
- Abd-el-Aziz GA, Landau I, Miltgen F (1975). "Description de Plasmodium aegyptensis n. sp. parasite présumé du Muridé Arvicanthis niloticus en Haute-Égypte" [Description of Plasmodium aegyptensis n. sp., presumed parasite of the murid Arvicanthis noloticus in Upper Egypt]. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée (in French). 50 (4): 419–24. doi:10.1051/parasite/1975504419. PMID 1211772.
- Sandosham AA, Yap LF, Omar I (1965). "A malaria parasite, Plasmodium (Vinckeia) booliati sp.nov., from a Malayan giant flying squirrel". Med J Malaya. 20 (1): 3–7. PMID 4221411.
- Kreier, Julius P.; Baker, John Robin, eds. (1993). Parasitic Protozoa. Vol. 5 (2 ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. pp. xvii+343. ISBN 978-0-12-426015-3. OCLC 23868964.
- Keymer IF (1966). "Studies on Plasmodium (Vinckeia) cephalophi of the grey duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia)". Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 60 (2): 129–38. doi:10.1080/00034983.1966.11686396. PMID 5962467.
- Landau I, Chabaud AG (1978). "Description of P. cyclopsi n. sp. a parasite of the microchiropteran bat Hipposideros cyclops in Gabon" (PDF). Ann Parasitol Hum Comp (in French). 53 (3): 247–53. doi:10.1051/parasite/1978533247. PMID 697287.
- Lien JC, Cross JH (1968). "Plasmodium (Vinckeia) watteni sp. n. from the Formosan giant flying squirrel, Petaurista petaurista grandis". J. Parasitol. 54 (6): 1171–4. doi:10.2307/3276986. JSTOR 3276986. PMID 5757690.
- Sharp, Paul M.; Plenderleith, Lindsey J.; Hahn, Beatrice H. (2020-09-08). "Ape". Annual Review of Microbiology. Annual Reviews. 74 (1): 39–63. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115628. ISSN 0066-4227.
- Moxon, Christopher A.; Gibbins, Matthew P.; McGuinness, Dagmara; Milner, Danny A.; Marti, Matthias (2020-01-24). "New Insights into Malaria Pathogenesis". Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease. Annual Reviews. 15 (1): 315–343. doi:10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032640. ISSN 1553-4006.
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