Beaux-Arts architecture

• 
  Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren
• 
  Main triumphal arch with one of the two side buildings of the Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark, Brussels
• 
  Overview from the Royal Palace of Laeken, Brussels
• 
  Panoramic view of the Royal Galleries of Ostend
• 
  Herenhuis Vandenbroeck on the Avenue Molière and Avenue Brugmann, Brussels

Even though the style was not used as much as in neighbouring country France, some examples of Beaux-Arts buildings can still be found in Belgium. The most prominent of these examples is the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren, but the complexes and triumphal arch of the Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark in Brussels and expansions of the Palace of Laeken in Brussels and Royal Galleries of Ostend also carry the Beaux-Arts style, created by the French architect Charles Girault. Furthermore, various large Beaux-Arts buildings can also be found in Brussels on the Avenue Molière/Molièrelaan. As an old student of the École des Beaux-Arts and as a designer of the Petit Palais, Girault was the figurehead of the Beaux-Arts around the 20th century. After the death of Alphonse Balat, he became the new and favourite architect of Leopold II of Belgium. Since Leopold was the grandson of Louis Philippe I of France, he loved this specific building style which is similar to and has its roots in the architecture that has been realized in the 17th and 18th century for the French crown.

• 1782: Palace of Laeken, Brussels (extensions)
• 1880: Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark, Brussels (complexes and triumphal arch)
• 1898: Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren
• 1902–1906: Royal Galleries of Ostend, Ostend (extensions)
• 1908: Avenue Molière 177–179 / Avenue Brugmann 176–178, Brussels (a combination of Art Nouveau, Beaux-Arts and eclecticism)
• 1909: Avenue Molière 193, Brussels
• 1910: Avenue Molière 128, Brussels
• 1910: Avenue Molière 130, Brussels
• 1910: Avenue Molière 132, Brussels
• 1910: Avenue Molière 207, Brussels
• 1912: Avenue Molière 519, Brussels
• 1912: Avenue Molière 305, Brussels

• 
  The Conservatoire national des arts et métiers by Léon Vaudoyer (1838–1867)
• 
  The Sainte-Geneviève Library by Henri Labrouste (1844–1850)
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  Interior of the Sainte-Geneviève Library by Henri Labrouste (1844–1850)
• 
  Museum of Natural History, Paris by Louis-Jules André (1877–1889)
• 
  The Grand Palais. Paris (1897–1900)

The Beaux-Arts style in France in the 19th century was initiated by four young architects trained at the École des Beaux-Arts, architects; Joseph-Louis Duc, Félix Duban, Henri Labrouste and Léon Vaudoyer, who had first studied Roman and Greek architecture at the Villa Medici in Rome, then in the 1820s began the systematic study of other historic architectural styles, including French architecture of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. They instituted teaching about a variety of architectural styles at the École des Beaux-Arts, and installed fragments of Renaissance and Medieval buildings in the courtyard of the school so students could draw and copy them. Each of them also designed new non-classical buildings in Paris inspired by a variety of different historic styles: Labrouste built the Sainte-Geneviève Library (1844–1850), Duc designed the new Palais de Justice and Court of Cassation on the Île-de-la-Cité (1852–1868), Vaudroyer designed the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (1838–1867), and Duban designed the new buildings of the École des Beaux-Arts. Together, these buildings, drawing upon Renaissance, Gothic and Romanesque and other non-classical styles, broke the monopoly of neoclassical architecture in Paris.[6]

• 
  Bode Museum, Berlin
• 
  Laeiszhalle, Hamburg
• 
  Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg, Hamburg

Germany is one of the countries where the Beaux-Arts style was well received, along with Baroque Revival architecture. The style was especially popular and most prominently featured in the now non-existent region of Prussia during the German Empire. The best example of Beaux-Arts buildings in Germany today are the Bode Museum in Berlin, and the Laeiszhalle and Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg in Hamburg.

• 1898–1904: Bode Museum, Berlin
• 1904–1908: Laeiszhalle, Hamburg
• 1888–1913: Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg, Hamburg

• 
  Budapest-Nyugati Pályaudvar, Budapest

• 1875–1877: Budapest Nyugati railway station, Budapest

• 
  Hotel Excelsior, Naples

• 1908: Hotel Excelsior, Naples

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  Plan C, Rotterdam
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  Blauwbrug, Amsterdam
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  Hogesluis, Amsterdam
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  Regentessebrug, Rotterdam
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  City hall, Rotterdam
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  Former General Post Office, Rotterdam
• 
  Peace Palace, The Hague

Compared to other countries like France and Germany, the Beaux-Arts style never really became prominent in the Netherlands. However, a handful of significant buildings have nonetheless been made in this style during the period of 1880 to 1920, mainly being built in the cities of Rotterdam, Amsterdam and The Hague.

• 1880–1889: Plan C, Rotterdam (destroyed during the German bombing of Rotterdam in 1940)
• 1883: Blauwbrug, Amsterdam
• 1883: Hogesluis, Amsterdam
• 1898: Regentessebrug, Rotterdam
• 1914–1920: Rotterdam City Hall (partially damaged during the Rotterdam Blitz of 1940 but later restored)
• 1915–1923: Former General Post Office, Rotterdam (partially damaged during the Rotterdam Blitz of 1940 but later restored)
• 1907–1913: Peace Palace, The Hague

• 
  Edifício na Rua Alexandre Herculano, Lisbon
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  Edifício de Gaveto, Lisbon
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  Instituto Central da Assistência Nacional aos Tuberculosos, Lisbon
• 
  Sede da Ordem dos Engenheiros, Lisbon

• 1909–1911: Building on Rua Alexandre Herculano, 25-25A, Lisbon
• 1912: Headquarters of the Orders of Engineers, Lisbon
• 1913: Gaveto Building, Lisbon
• Central Institute of National Assistance to Tuberculosis Portugal, Lisbon

• 
  Exterior of the Old National Bank of Romania Palace, Bucharest, 1883-1900, by Joseph-Marie Cassien Barnard and Albert Galleron, assisted by Grigore Cerkez and Constantin Băicoianu[7]
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  Interior of the Old National Bank of Romania Palace, Bucharest, 1883-1900, by Joseph-Marie Cassien Barnard and Albert Galleron, assisted by Grigore Cerkez and Constantin Băicoianu[7]
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  Central University Library on Calea Victoriei (Bucharest), 1891-1895, by Paul Gottereau[8]
• 
  CEC Palace on Calea Victoriei, 1897-1900, by Paul Gottereau (project) and Ion Socolescu (construction)[9]
• 
  Mitilineu House Bucharest, 1898, unknown architect
• 
  Cantacuzino Palace on Calea Victoriei, 1898-1906, by Ion D. Berindey[10]
• 
  Constantin Mihail Palace (currently the Craiova Art Museum), Craiova, 1898-1907, by Paul Gottereau
• 
  Strada Silvestru no. 13, Bucharest, c.1900, unknown architect
• 
  Assan House, Bucharest, 1914, by Ion D. Berindey[11]

In the Romanian Old Kingdom, towards the end of the century, many administrative buildings and private homes are built in the «Beaux-Arts» or «Eclectic» style, brought from France through French architects who came here for work in Romania, schooled in France. The National Bank of Romania Palace on Strada Lipscani, built between 1883 and 1885 is a good example of this style, decorated not just with columns (mainly Ionic), but also with allegorical statues placed in niches, that depict Agriculture, Industry, Commerce and Justice. Because of the popularity of this style, it changed the way Bucharest looks, making it similar in some way with Paris, which led to Bucharest being seen as "Little Paris". Eclecticism was very popular not just in Bucharest and Iași, the two biggest cities of Romania at that time, but also in smaller ones like Craiova, Caracal, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Pitești, Ploiești, Buzău, Botoșani, Piatra Neamț etc. This style was used not only for administrative palaces and big houses of wealthy people, but also for middle class homes.

• 
  Estación del Norte, Madrid (renamed the Estación de Príncipe Pío after renovation in 1995)
• 
  Hotel Santo Mauro, Madrid
• 
  Casino de Madrid
• 
  Edificio Metrópolis, Madrid
• 
  Casa Reynot, Madrid
• 
  Gran Vía 24, Madrid
• 
  Homes for the Marquis of Encinares, Madrid
• 
  Casa-Palacio de Tomás de Beruete, Madrid
• 
  Former Humanities Center of the Spanish National Research Council, Madrid
• 
  Calle Mayor 6, Madrid
• 
  Spanish Navy Headquarters, Madrid
• 
  Casa Cortés, Corunna

• 1876: Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country of Cartagena building, Cartagena
• 1876–1882: North Station, Madrid
• 1981: Casa Resines, Valladolid
• 1886: Gutierrez Passage, Valladolid
• 1902: Hotel Santo Mauro, Madrid
• 1905–1910: Casino de Madrid
• 1907–1911: Metropolis Building, Madrid
• 1908–1911: Calle de Montalbán 5, Madrid
• 1913–1916: Reynot House, Madrid
• 1919–1924: Gran Vía 24, Madrid
• 1920–1923: Homes for the Marquis of Encinares, Madrid
• 1921–1923: Mansion of Tomás de Beruete, Madrid
• 1922: Former Humanities Center of the Spanish National Research Council, Madrid
• 1924: Calle Mayor 6, Madrid
• 1915–1928: Navy Headquarters, Madrid

• 
  Senate of Canada Building, Ottawa
• 
  Alberta Legislature Building, Edmonton
• 
  Manitoba Legislative Building, Winnipeg
• 
  Hockey Hall of Fame, Toronto

Beaux-Arts was very prominent in public buildings in Canada in the early 20th century. Notably all three prairie provinces' legislative buildings are in this style.

• 1898: London and Lancashire Life Building, Montreal
• 1903: Old Montreal Stock Exchange Building
• 1905: Alden Hall, Meadville
• 1906: Toronto Power Generating Station, Niagara Falls
• 1907: Royal Alexandra Theatre, Toronto
• 1909: Linton Apartments, Montreal
• 1912: Sun Tower, Vancouver
• 1912: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal
• 1912: Senate of Canada Building (originally a railway station by Ross and Macdonald), Ottawa
• 1912: Saskatchewan Legislative Building, Regina
• 1913: Alberta Legislative Building, Edmonton
• 1913–1920: Union Station, Toronto
• 1913–1931: Sun Life Building, Montreal
• 1920: Manitoba Legislative Building, Winnipeg
• 1920: Millennium Centre, Winnipeg
• 1923: Commemorative Arch, Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario
• 1923–1924: Bank of Nova Scotia, Ottawa
• 1924–2017: Former Superior Court of Justice Building, Thunder Bay
• 1927: Union Station, Toronto
• 1930: Dominion Square Building, Montreal
• 1931: Canada Life Building, Toronto
• 1932: Mount Royal Chalet, Montreal
• 1932: Indigenous Peoples Space, Ottawa (formerly the United States Embassy)
• 1935: Dominion Public Building, Toronto
• 1938–1946: Supreme Court of Canada Building, Ottawa
• 1943: Hockey Hall of Fame (formerly a branch of the Bank of Montreal), Toronto

• William Sutherland Maxwell
• John M. Lyle
• Ross and Macdonald
• Sproatt & Rolph
• Pearson and Darling
• Ernest Cormier
• E.J. Lennox
• Jean-Omer Marchand fr:Jean-Omer Marchand

• 
  The Thomas Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., by John L. Smithmeyer, Paul J. Pelz, and Edward Pearce Casey (1897)
• 
  The Willard Hotel, Washington, D.C., by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh (1901)
• 
  Facade of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, by Richard Morris Hunt (1902)
• 
  Grand Central Terminal (1913), New York City
• 
  The New York Public Library Main Branch in Bryant Park, New York City, by architects Carrère and Hastings (1911)
• 
  The San Francisco War Memorial Opera House by Arthur Brown Jr. (1932)
• 
  The Palace of Horticulture from the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco by Arthur Brown Jr. (1915 demolished in 1916)

Beaux-Arts architecture had a strong influence on architecture in the United States because of the many prominent American architects who studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, including Henry Hobson Richardson, John Galen Howard, Daniel Burnham, and Louis Sullivan.[12]^: 76

The first American architect to attend the École des Beaux-Arts was Richard Morris Hunt, between 1846 and 1855, followed by Henry Hobson Richardson in 1860. They were followed by an entire generation. Richardson absorbed Beaux-Arts lessons in massing and spatial planning, then applied them to Romanesque architectural models that were not characteristic of the Beaux-Arts repertory. His Beaux-Arts training taught him to transcend slavish copying and recreate in the essential fully digested and idiomatic manner of his models. Richardson evolved a highly personal style (Richardsonian Romanesque) freed of historicism that was influential in early Modernism.[13]

The "White City" of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago was a triumph of the movement and a major impetus for the short-lived City Beautiful movement in the United States.[14] Beaux-Arts city planning, with its Baroque insistence on vistas punctuated by symmetry, eye-catching monuments, axial avenues, uniform cornice heights, a harmonious "ensemble," and a somewhat theatrical nobility and accessible charm, embraced ideals that the ensuing Modernist movement decried or just dismissed.[15] The first American university to institute a Beaux-Arts curriculum is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1893, when the French architect Constant-Désiré Despradelle was brought to MIT to teach. The Beaux-Arts curriculum was subsequently begun at Columbia University, the University of Pennsylvania, and elsewhere.[16] From 1916, the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design in New York City schooled architects, painters, and sculptors to work as active collaborators.

Numerous American university campuses were designed in the Beaux-Arts, notably: Columbia University, (commissioned in 1896), designed by McKim, Mead & White; the University of California, Berkeley (commissioned in 1898), designed by John Galen Howard; the United States Naval Academy (built 1901–1908), designed by Ernest Flagg; the campus of MIT (commissioned in 1913), designed by William W. Bosworth; Emory University and Carnegie Mellon University (commissioned in 1908 and 1904, respectively),[17] both designed by Henry Hornbostel; and the University of Texas (commissioned in 1931), designed by Paul Philippe Cret.

While the style of Beaux-Art buildings was adapted from historical models, the construction used the most modern available technology. The Grand Palais in Paris (1897–1900) had a modern iron frame inside; the classical columns were purely for decoration. The 1914–1916 construction of the Carolands Chateau south of San Francisco was built to withstand earthquakes, following the devastating 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The noted Spanish structural engineer Rafael Guastavino (1842–1908), famous for his vaultings, known as Guastavino tile work, designed vaults in dozens of Beaux-Arts buildings in Boston, New York, and elsewhere. Beaux-Arts architecture also brought a civic face to railroads. Chicago's Union Station, Detroit's Michigan Central Station, Jacksonville's Union Terminal, Grand Central Terminal and the original Pennsylvania Station in New York, and Washington, D.C.'s Union Station are famous American examples of this style. Cincinnati has a number of notable Beaux-Arts style buildings, including the Hamilton County Memorial Building in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, and the former East End Carnegie library in the Columbia-Tusculum neighborhood. An ecclesiastical variant on the Beaux-Arts style is Minneapolis' Basilica of St. Mary,[18] the first basilica in the United States, which was designed by Franco-American architect Emmanuel Louis Masqueray (1861–1917) and opened in 1914, and a Freemason temple variant, the Plainfield Masonic Temple, in Plainfield, New Jersey, designed by John E. Minott in 1927. Other examples include the main branch of the New York Public Library; Bancroft Hall at the Naval Academy, the largest academic dormitory in the world;[19] and Michigan Central Station in Detroit, the tallest railway station in the world at the time of completion.[20]

In the late 1800s, during the years when Beaux-Arts architecture was at a peak in France, Americans were one of the largest groups of foreigners in Paris. Many of them were architects and students of architecture who brought this style back to America.[21] The following individuals, students of the École des Beaux-Arts, are identified as creating work characteristic of the Beaux-Arts style within the United States:

Charles McKim, William Mead, and Stanford White would ultimately become partners in the prominent architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White, which designed many well-known Beaux-Arts buildings.[22]

• 
  Palacio de Aguas Corrientes, Buenos Aires
• 
  Teatro Colón, Buenos Aires
• 
  Palace of the Argentine National Congress, Buenos Aires
• 
  Kirchner Cultural Centre, Buenos Aires
• 
  Tucumán Government Palace, San Miguel de Tucumán
• 
  Casa de la Cultura, Buenos Aires

From 1880 the so-called Generation of '80 came to power in Argentine politics. These were admirers of France as a model republic, particularly with regard to culture and aesthetic tastes. Buenos Aires is a center of Beaux-Arts architecture which continued to be built as late as the 1950s.[23]

• 1877–1894: Palacio de Aguas Corrientes, Buenos Aires
• 1889–1908: Teatro Colón, Buenos Aires
• 1889: Pabellón Argentino (Argentine pavilion from the 1889 Paris Exposition Universelle), taken down and reconstructed in Buenos Aires (demolished in 1932)
• 1890: Estación Mar del Plata Sud, Mar del Plata (the train station was closed in 1949, and was later damaged by fire. Although it was renovated, it is today much less adorned)
• 1894–1898: Buenos Aires House of Culture, Buenos Aires
• 1898–1906: Palace of the Argentine National Congress, Buenos Aires
• 1908–1910: Club Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (burned down in 1961)
• 1908–1928: Kirchner Cultural Centre, Buenos Aires
• 1926–1931: Buenos Aires City Legislature Palace, Buenos Aires
• 1908–1910: Tucumán Government Palace, San Miguel de Tucumán
• 1924–1929: Estrugamou Building, Buenos Aires

• Alejandro Bustillo
• Julio Dormal
• Gainza y Agote
• Alejandro Christophersen
• Eduardo Le Monnier
• León Dourge (later an exponent of rationalism)
• Paul Pater
• Jacques Dunant

• Norbert Maillart

• Carlos Thays (landscape architect)

• 
  Casa Lebre, São Paulo
• 
  Caetano de Campos House, São Paulo
• 
  Palace of the Champs Elysees, São Paulo
• 
  Municipal Theater of São Paulo
• 
  Coliseu Santista Theater, Santos
• 
  Tereza Toledo Lara Palace, São Paulo
• 
  Prates Mansions, São Paulo
• 
  Tiradentes Palace, Rio de Janeiro
• 
  Helvetia Palace, São Paulo
• 
  Alexandre Mackenzie Building, São Paulo

• 1858: Casa Lebre, São Paulo
• 1890–1894: Casa Caetano de Campos, São Paulo
• 1896–1899: Palace of the Champs Elysees, São Paulo
• 1903–1911: Municipal Theater of São Paulo
• 1909: Coliseu Santista Theater, Santos, São Paulo
• 1910: Tereza Toledo Lara Palace, São Paulo
• 1911: Prates Mansions, São Paulo
• 1922–1926: Tiradentes Palace, Rio de Janeiro
• 1923: Helvetia Palace, São Paulo
• 1926–1929: Alexandre Mackenzie Building, São Paulo
• Artemis Hotel, São Paulo
• Banco de São Paulo Building, São Paulo
• Hôtel de La Rotisserie Sportsman, São Paulo
• Mococa Building, São Paulo

• 
  Palacio de San Francisco, Bogotá
• 
  Capitolio nacional, Bogotá
• 
  Palacio Echeverri, Bogotá
• 
  Casa de Nariño, Bogotá
• 
  Museo de la Policía, Bogotá
• 
  Teatro Colón, Bogotá
• 
  Banco Dugand, Barranquilla
• 
  Antigua Aduana, Barranquilla

• 
  Club Nacional, Lima
• 
  Edificio Rímac, Lima
• 
  Palacio Legislativo del Perú, Lima

• 1855: Club Nacional, Lima
• 1906–1939: Legislative Palace, Lima
• 1919–1924: Edificio Rímac, Lima

• 
  Mercado Municipal, Maputo
• 
  Banco da Beira
• 
  Casa Infante de Sagres, Beira
• 
  Edifício do Almoxarifado, Beira
• 
  Escola de Artes e Ofícios, Beira
• 
  Palácio dos Desportos, Beira
• 
  Standard Bank Building, Beira
• 
  Tribunal da Beira

• 1901?: Municipal Market, Maputo
• 1933: Gil Vicente Theater, Maputo
• Banco da Beira, Beira
• Casa Ana, Beira
• Casa Infante de Sagres, Beira
• Edifício do Almoxarifado, Beira
• Escola de Artes e Ofícios, Beira
• Palácio dos Desportos, Beira
• Standard Bank Building, Beira
• Tribunal da Beira

• 
  Kobe Yusen Building, Kobe
• 
  Mitsui Main Building, Tokyo
• 
  Meiji Life Insurance Building, Tokyo

• 1918: Kobe Yusen Building, Kobe
• 1926–1929: Mitsui Main Building, Tokyo
• 1930–1934: Meiji Life Insurance Building, Tokyo
• Yokohama Yusen Building

• 
  Legislative building
• 
  China bank Manila
• 
  Regina Building, Manila
• 
  University of Santo Tomas Main Building, Manila
• 
  Lopez Mansion Iloilo
• 
  Calvo Building, Manila
• 
  Cebu Capitol
• 
  El Hogar
• 
  Don Roman Santos Building

• 1914: El Hogar Filipino Building, Escolta, Manila
• 1915: Regina Building, Escolta, Manila
• 1919: Jones Bridge, Ermita and Binondo, Manila
• 1919: Luneta Hotel, Ermita, Manila
• 1924–1927: University of Santo Tomas Main Building, Sampaloc, Manila
• 1928: Natividad Building, Escolta, Manila
• 1938: Calvo Building, Escolta, Manila
• Juan Luna Building
• 1919 Grand Cafe building Manila
• Natalio Enriquez Mansion, Sariaya, Quezon
• Filipinas Insurance co. building
• Lizares Mansion, Iloilo City
• National Museum of Anthropology (Manila)
• National Museum of Natural History (Manila)
• Manila City Hall
• Manila Post office
• Lingayen capitol
• Negros Occidental capitol
• Philippine General Hospital
• 1911 Nurse's home, Philippine General hospital
• Philippine Women's University
• 1920 - La Salle Hall
• 1916 Aduana de Iloilo
• Batangas capitol
• Sorsogon provincial capitol
• Rizal Hall Manila
• Casa Boix, Quiapo, Manila
• Trinidad ancestral house, Iba, Zambales
• Gawas harigi house, Carigara, Leyte

• 
  Flinders Street railway station, Melbourne
• 
  General Post Office, Perth
• 
  State Savings Bank building, Sydney
• 
  Bank of New South Wales building, Brisbane

Several Australian cities have some significant examples of the style. It was typically applied to large, solid-looking public office buildings and banks, particularly during the 1920s.

• 1900–1910: Flinders Street railway station, Melbourne
• 1914–1923: General Post Office building, Forrest Place, Perth
• 1916: Perpetual Trustee Company Limited, Hunter Street, Sydney
• 1917: Former Mail Exchange Building, Melbourne
• 1920: National Theatre, Melbourne
• 1925–1928: Commonwealth Bank building, Martin Place, Sydney
• 1926: Argus Building, La Trobe Street, Melbourne
• 1927: Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy, Melbourne
• 1928–1930: Bank of New South Wales building, Elizabeth Street, Brisbane
• 1928: Port Authority building, Melbourne
• 1928: Herald & Weekly Times Building, Flinders Street, Melbourne
• 1933: Commonwealth Bank building, Forrest Place, Perth

• 
  Former Auckland railway station, Auckland

• 1928–1930: Auckland railway station, Auckland