Oricon

Oricon Inc. (株式会社オリコン, Kabushiki-gaisha Orikon), established in 1999, is the holding company at the head of a Japanese corporate group that supplies statistics and information on music and the music industry in Japan and Western music. It started as Original Confidence Inc. (株式会社オリジナルコンフィデンス, Kabushiki-gaisha Orijinaru Konfidensu), which was founded by Sōkō Koike in November 1967 and became known for its music charts.[1] Oricon Inc. was originally set up as a subsidiary of Original Confidence and took over the latter's Oricon record charts in April 2002.

Oricon Inc.
株式会社オリコン
TypeHolding company, owner of Oricon Entertainment Inc.[1]
TYO: 4800
IndustryBroadcast of music entertainment (from Japan, North America and Europe)
FoundedNovember 1967 (as Original Confidence)[1]
October 1, 1999 (as Oricon Direct Digital)[2]
June 2001 (as Oricon Global Entertainment)
July 2002[2]
HeadquartersRoppongi, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
Key people
Soko Koike: CEO
Ownersee List of Oricon's shareholders
Number of employees
198 (full-time workers, as of September 30, 2016)[3]
ParentOricon Entertainment Inc. (October 1999 – June 2001)
SubsidiariesOricon Entertainment Inc. (June 2001 – present)
WebsiteOfficial site of Oricon Inc.
Official site of Oricon Charts

The charts are compiled from data drawn from some 39,700 retail outlets (as of April 2011) and provide sales rankings of music CDs, DVDs, electronic games, and other entertainment products based on weekly tabulations.[4] Results are announced every Tuesday and published in Oricon Style by subsidiary Oricon Entertainment Inc. The group also lists panel survey-based popularity ratings for television commercials on its official website.[5]

Oricon started publishing Combined Chart, which includes CD sales, digital sales, and streaming together, on December 19, 2018.[6]

History

Original Confidence Inc., the original Oricon company, was founded by the former Snow Brand Milk Products promoter Sōkō Koike in 1967. That November, the company began publishing a singles chart on an experimental basis. Entitled Sōgō Geinō Shijō Chōsa (総合芸能市場調査, surveys of total entertainment markets), this went official on January 4, 1968.

Like the preceding Japanese music charts provided by Tokushin Music Report which was started in 1962,[7] early Original Confidence was an exclusive information magazine only for the people who worked in the music industry. However, in the 1970s, Koike willingly advertised his company's charts to make its existence prevail among the Japanese public. Thanks to his intensive promotional efforts through multiple media including television programs, the hit parade became known by its abbreviation "Oricon" by the late 1970s.

The company shortened its name to Oricon in 1992 and was split into a holding company and several subsidiaries in 1999. Since Sōkō Koike's death, Oricon has been managed by the founder's relatives.

Policy

Oricon monitors and reports on sales of CDs, DVDs, video games, and entertainment content in several other formats; manga and book sales were also formerly covered. Charts are published every Tuesday in Oricon Style and on Oricon's official website. Every Monday, Oricon receives data from outlets, but data on merchandise sold through certain channels does not make it into the charts. For example, the debut single of NEWS, a pop group, was released only through 7-Eleven stores, which are not covered by Oricon, and its sales were not reflected in the Oricon charts. Oricon's rankings of record sales are therefore not completely accurate. Before data was collected electronically, the charts were compiled on the basis of faxes that were sent from record shops.

Controversy

In 2006, Oricon sued journalist Hiro Ugaya when he was quoted in a Saizo (or Cyso) magazine article as suggesting that Oricon was manipulating its statistics to benefit certain management companies and labels, specifically Johnny and Associates. Ugaya condemned the lawsuit as an example of a strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP) in Japan.[8] The lawsuit, filed by Oricon on November 17, 2006, accused Ugaya of "mendacious comments" and demanded 50 million yen (318,000 euros) in damages. In the interview, Ugaya questioned the validity of Oricon's hit chart on the grounds that its statistical methods were not transparent. Many NGOs, including Reporters Without Borders, denounced the lawsuit as a violation of free expression. A Tokyo District Court initially ordered Ugaya to pay 1 million yen (7,400 euros) in damages, but Ugaya appealed to the Tokyo high court. Oricon later dropped the charges, after a 33-month battle.[9] No criminal charge was laid against the journalist.

Dropping a lawsuit is rare in Japan; for example, only 0.1% of cases that ended in 2007 being done by the plaintiff ceasing the case.[10]

Shareholders

(as of March 31, 2012)

  • LitruPond LLC – 29.34%
  • Yoshiaki Yoshida (DHC Corp. president) – 8.94%
  • Hikari Tsushin, Inc. – 4.94%
  • Ko Koike (CEO) – 2.75%
  • Lawson, Inc. – 1.98%
  • Hidekō Koike – 1.89%
  • Naoko Koike – 1.87%
  • DHC Corp. – 1.59%
  • Yumi Koike – 1.55%

Charts

Current charts
  • Singles Chart (January 4, 1968 – present)
  • Albums Chart (October 5, 1987 – present)
  • Karaoke Chart (December 26, 1994 – present)
  • DVD Chart (April 5, 1999 – present)
  • Book Chart (April 7, 2008 – present)
  • Comic Chart (February 6, 1995 – March 26, 2001; April 7, 2008 – present)
  • Bunkobon Chart (April 7, 2008 – present)
  • Blu-ray Disc Chart (September 7, 2008 – present)
  • Music DVD & Blu-ray Disc Chart (October 14, 2013 – present)
  • Long Hit Album Catalogue Chart (April 2, 2001 – present)
  • Digital Albums Chart (November 14, 2016 – present)[11]
  • Digital Singles Chart (December 25, 2017 – present)[12]
  • Streaming Chart (December 24, 2018 – present)[13]
  • Combined Albums Chart (December 24, 2018 – present)[13]
  • Combined Singles Chart (December 24, 2018 – present)[13]

Past charts
  • LP Chart (January 5, 1970 – November 27, 1989)
  • CT Chart (December 2, 1974 – April 24, 1978)
  • Cartridges Chart (December 2, 1974 – April 24, 1978)
  • CD Chart (February 6, 1984 – April 21, 1997)
  • LD Chart (February 6, 1984 – January 31, 2000)
  • Sell-Video Chart (February 6, 1984 – May 30, 2005)
  • VHD Chart (February 6, 1984 – November 27, 1989)
  • MD Chart (1994)
  • Game Software Chart (February 20, 1995 – November 28, 2005)
  • All-Genre Formats Ranking (May 24, 1984 – April 2, 2001)
  • New Media Chart (January 2004 – 2005)
  • Tracks Chart (September 6, 2004 – August 31, 2008)

Artists' total sales revenue by year
Year Artist
1974 Yōsui Inoue[14]
1975
1976 Yumi Arai[15]
1977 Pink Lady[16][17]
1978
1979 Alice[18]
1980 Yellow Magic Orchestra[19]
1981 Akira Terao[20]
1982 Off Course[21]
1983 Akina Nakamori[22]
1984 Seiko Matsuda[23]
1985 Akina Nakamori[24][25][26]
1986
1987
1988 Hikaru Genji[27]
1989 Yumi Matsutoya
1990 Southern All Stars
1991 B'z
1992 CHAGE and ASKA
1993 ZARD
1994 TRF
1995
1996 Namie Amuro[28]
1997 GLAY[29][30]
1998 B'z[30][31]
1999 Hikaru Utada[32][33]
2000 Ayumi Hamasaki[34][35][36]
2001
2002 Hikaru Utada[33][37]
2003 Ayumi Hamasaki[38][39]
2004 Hikaru Utada[40][41]
2005 ORANGE RANGE[42][43]
2006 Kumi Koda[44][45][46][47]
2007
2008 EXILE[48][49]
2009 Arashi[14][50][51]
2010
2011 AKB48[52][53]
2012
2013 Arashi[54][55][56][57][58]
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018 Namie Amuro[59]
2019 Arashi[60]

See also
  • List of Oricon number-one singles
  • List of Oricon number-one albums
  • List of best-selling singles in Japan
  • List of best-selling albums in Japan

References
  1. "日本音楽スタジオ協会". Japan Association of Professional Recording Studios. Archived from the original on April 1, 2005.
  2. "Overview of Oricon.Inc". Oricon Inc. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2007.
  3. "会社概要". Oricon Inc. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
  4. "Policy of the Oricon Weekly Charts". oricon.co.jp. Retrieved January 5, 2008.
  5. "Official Site of Oricon Charts". oricon.co.jp.
  6. Ronald (August 31, 2018). "Oricon to Create Combined and Streaming Charts". ARAMA! JAPAN. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  7. "会社案内 – tokushin music report". Tokushin Music Report. Archived from the original on January 24, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
  8. Prideaux, Eric (February 8, 2007). "Libel suit attacks free speech: defendant" – via Japan Times Online.
  9. "Abandonment of the claim against a Japanese journalist | Reporters without borders". RSF. August 6, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  10. "Abandonment of the claim against a Japanese journalist - Reporters without borders". RSF. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  11. オリコン 新ランキング発表 アルバムDL数を集計…初回首位は宇多田ヒカル (in Japanese). Oricon. November 9, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  12. オリコン、12月から新ランキング発表へ DL数を楽曲ごとに集計 (in Japanese). Oricon. September 22, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  13. オリコン、合算ランキングおよびストリーミングランキングを12月より開始 (in Japanese). Oricon. August 29, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  14. 2010年音楽ソフト市場　嵐、いきものがかりが部門首位　メーカー別ではソニーがV2. Oricon. 14 January 2011 4:00.
  15. コンフィデンス年鑑 1977年版. 31p.
  16. コンフィデンス年鑑 1978年版. 28p.
  17. コンフィデンス年鑑 1979年版. 30p.
  18. オリコン年鑑 1980年版. 30p.
  19. オリコン年鑑 1981年版. 31p.
  20. オリコン年鑑 1982年版. 30p.
  21. オリコン年鑑 1983年版. 27p.
  22. オリコン年鑑 1984年版. 28p.
  23. オリコン年鑑 1985年版. 28p.
  24. オリコン年鑑 1986年版. 345p.
  25. オリコン年鑑 1987年版. 379p.
  26. オリコン年鑑 1988年版. Capital 17p.
  27. オリコン年鑑 1989年版別冊 オリコン・チャート・データ'88. 28p.
  28. オリコン年鑑 1997年版別冊 オリコン・チャート・データ'96. 29p.
  29. オリコン年鑑 1998年版別冊 オリコン・チャート・データ'97. 23p.
  30. オリコン、「第35回日本レコードセールス大賞」を発表。. Narinari.com. December 29, 2002.
  31. オリコン年鑑 1999年版別冊 オリコン・チャート・データ'98. 23p.
  32. オリコン年鑑 2000年版別冊 オリコン・チャート・データ'99. 25p.
  33. オリコン「第35回日本レコードセールス大賞」発表 Archived February 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Musicman編集部. December 12, 2002.
  34. オリコン年鑑 2001年版別冊 オリコン・チャート・データ2000. 26p.
  35. 浜崎あゆみ、CD売り上げ2年連続ナンバーワン. SANSPO.COM. December 14, 2001.
  36. オリコン年鑑 2002年版 データ本. 25p.
  37. オリコン年鑑 2003年版 データ本. 62p.
  38. オリコン年鑑 2004年版 データ本. 60p.
  39. あゆ２年ぶり｢セールス大賞｣ . スポニチアネックス. December 15, 2003.
  40. オリコン年鑑 2005年版 データ本. 76p.
  41. 倖田來未、年間セールス127億円で初の大賞!. Oricon. 2006-12-21,14:00.
  42. オリコン年鑑 2006年版. 77p.
  43. 2005年 アーティストトータルセールスランキング. Oricon. December 19, 2005.
  44. オリコン年鑑 2007年版. 76p.
  45. 2006年 アーティストトータルセールスランキング大発表!. Oricon. December 21, 2006.
  46. オリコン年鑑 2008年版. 76p.
  47. 2007年 アーティストトータルセールスランキング大発表!. Oricon. December 18, 2007.
  48. オリコン年鑑 2009年版. 100p.
  49. 2008年 アーティストトータルセールスランキング大発表!. Oricon. December 11, 2008.
  50. 2009年 アーティストトータルセールスランキング. Oricon. December 18, 2009.
  51. 2010年 オリコン年間ランキング アーティストトータルセールス. Oricon. December 20, 2010.
  52. 2011年 オリコン年間ランキング アーティストトータルセールス. Oricon. December 19, 2011.
  53. 2012年 オリコン年間ランキング アーティストトータルセールス. Oricon. December 20, 2012.
  54. 2013年 アーティストトータルセールスランキング. Oricon. December 15, 2013.
  55. 2014年 年間音楽＆映像ランキング発表. Oricon. December 20, 2014.
  56. 2015年 年間音楽ランキングを発表！.Oricon. December 23, 2015.
  57. 2016年 年間音楽＆映像ランキング 嵐が前人未到の記録達成！. Oricon. December 24, 2016.
  58. "【第50回 オリコン年間ランキング 2017】嵐が総合売上5年連続首位、AKB48がシングル年間V8達成!". Oricon. December 23, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  59. 【第51回オリコン年間ランキング 2018】安室奈美恵さんが総合首位、AKB48がシングル9年連続1位・2位独占 (in Japanese). Oricon. December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  60. 【オリコン年間ランキング 2019】嵐が18年ぶり200億円超えで総合首位、米津玄師、あいみょん、髭男がデジタルシーンを席巻 (in Japanese). Oricon. December 23, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
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