Road signs in Germany

Traffic signs, installations, and symbols used in Germany are prescribed by the Road Traffic Regulation (StVO) (German: Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung) and the Traffic Signs Catalog (VzKat) (German: Verkehrszeichenkatalog).[1][2]

§§ 39 to 43 of the StVO regulate the effect of traffic signs and installations. Annexes 1 to 3 illustrate most danger, regulatory, and directional signs and annex 4 illustrates the traffic installations. Other traffic signs and installations not specified in the StVO, primarily specific supplementary signs, are published in the VzKat.[1]

The VzKat was issued in May 2017[2] under the General Administrative Rules for the Road Traffic Regulation (VwV-StVO) (German: Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zur Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung).[3]

All signs have assigned numbers. The suffix number after the hyphen refers to the variation of the sign; the suffix on signs with variable numbers is the number depicted on the sign (for speed limits, maximum heights, etc.).[2]

Symbols

Symbols pursuant to § 39 paragraphs 7, 10, and 11 of the StVO:[1]

Danger signs

Danger signs pursuant to part 2 of the VzKat which includes permissible variations of signs listed in annex 1 of the StVO. When one sign has two sign numbers, the first number is the illustrated sign while the latter number is a mirrored or slightly altered version of the sign.

Regulatory signs

Regulatory signs pursuant to part 3 of the VzKat which includes permissible variations of signs listed in annex 2 of the StVO. When one sign has two sign numbers, the first number is the illustrated sign while the latter number is a mirrored or slightly altered version of the sign.

Directional signs

Directional signs pursuant to part 4 of the VzKat which includes permissible variations of signs listed in annex 4 of the StVO. When one sign has two sign numbers, the first number is the illustrated sign while the latter number is a mirrored or slightly altered version of the sign.

Road equipment

Additional road signs

Priority

Reißverschlussverfahren[6]
"Zipper rule" for one-way traffic merging & two-way traffic priorities

Environmental factors

Yield as necessary to not endanger themselves or other road users

Traffic priority – priority roads

Priority traffic does not yield, signal all turns

Other factors

Yield or reduce speed as necessary[7]

Vehicle classifications & specifics

Official (base) Symbols in Germany as per Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO) § 39 Verkehrszeichen[4]

Basic

Red ring

In addition to any sign/placard, the red ring forbids (in general) the item noted and anything of greater size or value; i.e., if a car is pictured, then not only are cars not permitted but trucks, as well.

A red ring is also a traffic sign itself: No vehicles (of any type) permitted, pushing motorcycles/mopeds/bicycles permitted

Bicycles & mopeds

Motorcycles

Classified as above/below 500 cc motor size, and with or without sidecar

Cars/automobiles

Personenkraftwagen – Pkw[9] – "Powered car for (the transport of) persons"; e.g., cars/automobiles

Recreational vehicles, farm equipment or animal powered

Trucks & lorries

Lastkraftwagen – Lkw – (literally "powered car for loads", e.g., truck, lorry, semi, tractor-trailer)

Kraftfahrzeuge (Kfz)[10] mit einer zulässigen Gesamtmasse über 3,5 t, einschließlich ihrer Anhänger, und Zugmaschinen, ausgenommen Personenkraftwagen und Kraftomnibusse – Motor vehicles with a maximum authorized mass of more than 3,5 t, including their trailers, and tractors other than cars and buses

Restrictions & allowances for vehicles (generally larger) than cars

Dangerous or hazardous cargos

Buses, public transit & rail

Buses (generally) and trains (always) have the priority/right-of-way

Others

Basics

Basic Traffic Controls

Speed Controls & Limits

Passing & Overtaking

Other

Autobahn

German Limited Access Highway – Blue Background[11]

Signs used on Autobahn

Signs leading to Autobahn

other signs

Signs of federal highways

Note: Though road design of Kraftfahrstraße is comparable to Autobahn, speed limit is mandatory, signposting is similar but has yellow background.

Bundesstraße – non-limited access highways or main roads – yellow background

Urban or built-up areas

Fahrtbahn/Streifen – driving lane controls

Roadway lanes delineated by lines for/of single vehicle width

Dedicated lane use required for ...

Special zones

Stopping, waiting, parking

Parking is considered any stop exceeding three minutes.

Absolutely no stopping or waiting on traffic lanes (emergency excepted)

No waiting/standing longer than 3 minutes on traffic lanes – "Loading/unloading & pick-up/drop-off zone"

Bus stop and taxi zones

Road markings/lines

Intersections & Crosswalks[12]

Driving Lanes

Information signs

Informational signs

Standardized traffic symbols

Arrows

Road equipment

Retired signs

Obsolete signs since 2017 [4]

Obsolete signs since 2013 [4]

Old signs

Warning signs

Regulatory signs

Information signs

Signs for traffic diversion

References

  1. "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO) § 39 Verkehrszeichen". Federal Ministry of Transport. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  2. "VzKat 2017" (in German). 5 July 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  3. "Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zur Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (VwV-StVO)". Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  4. "Änderungen im Verkehrszeichenkatalog 2017 zu 1992" [Changes in traffic signs 2017 to 1992]. Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen.
  5. "§ 40 StVO 2013 – Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
  6. de:Reißverschlussverfahren
  7. "§ 39 StVO 2013 – Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
  8. "German Road Signs: Guide to Parking & Road Signs in Germany". Auto Europe. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  9. "Personenkraftwagen". 11 April 2018 via Wikipedia.
  10. "Kraftfahrzeug". 20 April 2018 via Wikipedia.
  11. "Brian's Guide to Getting Around Germany – The Autobahn". www.gettingaroundgermany.info.
  12. de:Straßenmarkierung
  13. "§ 40 StVO 2013 – Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
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