Stadio Olimpico

In its first stages, the Stadio Olimpico was called the Stadio dei Cipressi.[4] It was designed and constructed within the larger project of the Foro Mussolini (Mussolini Forum) which was renamed Foro Italico after the war.

Construction work began in 1927 directed by the Turinese engineer Angelo Frisa and architect Enrico Del Debbio. The construction was completed in 1932, after a few variations to the original plan. For instance, the construction of masonry stands was not part of the initial plan as, originally, stands consisted of grassed terraces.

In 1937, the construction of a second tier of stairs was started but was interrupted in 1940 due to the outbreak of World War II.

Panoramic view of the stadium in the 1950s

In December 1950, the working site was reopened for the completion of the stadium. The project was entrusted to the engineer Carlo Roccatelli, a member of the Superior Council of Public Works. At first, the plan was for a stadium with a more complex structure than that actually realised. However, the scarcity of funds and the environmental characteristics of the area led to a less ambitious building. On the death of Roccatelli in 1951, the direction of the work was entrusted to architect Annibale Vitellozzi. The stadium now reached a capacity of about 100,000 people, hence the stadium was known as Stadio dei Centomila, until renamed for the 1960 Olympics. The building was inaugurated on 17 May 1953 with a football game between Italy and Hungary.

Opening Ceremony of the 1960 Olympic Games

During the 1960 Summer Olympics, the stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies and the athletics competitions. Seating at ground level was eliminated with the result of an actual capacity of 65,000 spectators.[5] Subsequently, the stadium hosted several editions of the Italian Championships of Athletics, the 1975 Summer Universiade (the stadium was the only venue for the Universiade) and the 1987 World Athletics Championships. It still hosts the annual meeting of the Golden Gala.

The Stadio Olimpico from above

For the 1990 FIFA World Cup, for which it was the main stadium, the facility underwent an extensive renovation. While that work was underway in 1989 the Capitoline teams Lazio and Roma had to play their Serie A games at Stadio Flaminio. The work was entrusted to a team of designers including the original architect Annibale Vitellozzi. From 1987 to 1990, the construction plan was amended several times, with a consequent rise in costs. Ultimately, the Olimpico was entirely demolished and rebuilt in reinforced concrete, with the exception of the Tribuna Tevere which was expanded with the addition of further steps and of the curves which were closer to the field by nine metres. All sectors of the stadium were provided with full coverage in tensostructure white. Backless seats in blue plastic were installed and two giant screens built in 1987 for the World Athletics Championships were also mounted inside the curve. In the end the new version of the Olimpico had 82,911 seats. It was the 14th stadium in the world for number of seats among the football stadiums, the 29th among all stadiums and the second in Italy, just behind the San Siro Stadium of Milan.

The Stadio Olimpico was host to five matches in which the Italian national team took part and the final between West Germany and Argentina. West Germany won the final match 1–0.

With the same layout from 1990, the Stadio Olimpico hosted on 22 May 1996 the UEFA Champions League Final between Juventus and Ajax which saw the Bianconeri prevail in a penalty shoot-out.

Exterior of the stadium.

An internal panoramic view of the Stadio Olimpico in May 2017.

In 2007, a vast plan of restyling the internal design of the stadium was laid out, to conform to UEFA standards for the 2009 UEFA Champions League Final which was held in Rome. The work was performed and completed in 2008. It included the establishment of standard structures with improvements in security, the fixing of dressing rooms and of the press room. It also included the replacement of all seats, the installation of high definition LED screens, the partial removal of plexiglas fences between spectators and the field and a reduction of seating to the current capacity of 70,634. In order to enhance the comfort of the audience, part of the modernisation of the stadium involved increasing the number of restrooms and fixing the toilets. As a result of these improvements, the Stadio Olimpico was classified a UEFA Elite stadium.

The Stadio Olimpico di Roma before the match AS Roma vs HJK Helsinki (2022)

The stadium was one of the venues of the UEFA Euro 1968, and held three matches.

Date	Time (UTC+02)	Team #1	Res.	Team #2	Round	Attendance
8 June 1968	15:00	England	2–0	Soviet Union	Third place play-off	68,817
	21:15	Italy	1–1 (a.e.t.)	Yugoslavia	Final	68,817
10 June 1968	21:15	Italy	2–0	Yugoslavia	Final replay	32,886

The stadium was one of the venues of the UEFA Euro 1980, and held four matches.

Date	Time (UTC+02)	Team #1	Res.	Team #2	Round	Attendance
11 June 1980	17:45	Czechoslovakia	0–1	West Germany	Group 1	10,500
14 June 1980	20:30	Greece	1–3	Czechoslovakia		7,614
18 June 1980	20:30	Italy	0–0	Belgium	Group 2	42,318
22 June 1980	20:30	Belgium	1–2	West Germany	Final	47,860

The stadium was one of the venues of the 1990 FIFA World Cup, and held six matches.

Date	Time (UTC+02)	Team #1	Res.	Team #2	Round	Attendance
9 June 1990	21:00	Italy	1–0	Austria	Group A	73,303
14 June 1990			1–0	United States		73,423
19 June 1990			2–0	Czechoslovakia		73,303
25 June 1990			2–0	Uruguay	Round of 16	73,303
30 June 1990		Republic of Ireland	0–1	Italy	Quarter-finals	73,303
8 July 1990	20:00	West Germany	1–0	Argentina	Final	73,603

The stadium was one of the venues of the UEFA Euro 2020, and hosted four matches.

Date	Time (UTC+02)	Team #1	Res.	Team #2	Round	Attendance
11 June 2021	21:00	Turkey	0–3	Italy	Group A	12,916[8]
16 June 2021		Italy	3–0	Switzerland		12,445[9]
20 June 2021	18:00		1–0	Wales		11,541[10]
3 July 2021	21:00	Ukraine	0–4	England	Quarter-finals	11,880[11]