Stenosis

A stenosis (from Ancient Greek στενός, "narrow") is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture).[3]

Stenosis
Other namesStenoses
CT scan of a bronchial stenosis (arrow) that resulted from tracheobronchial injury
Pronunciation

Stricture as a term is usually used when narrowing is caused by contraction of smooth muscle (e.g. achalasia, prinzmetal angina); stenosis is usually used when narrowing is caused by lesion that reduces the space of lumen (e.g. atherosclerosis).[4] The term coarctation is another synonym,[5] but is commonly used only in the context of aortic coarctation.[6][7]

Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis after a procedure.[8]

Types

The resulting syndrome depends on the structure affected.

Examples of vascular stenotic lesions include:

The types of stenoses in heart valves are:

  • Pulmonary valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the pulmonary valve, therefore causing narrowing
  • Mitral valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the mitral valve (of the left heart), therefore causing narrowing
  • Tricuspid valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the tricuspid valve (of the right heart), therefore causing narrowing
  • Aortic valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the aortic valve, therefore causing narrowing

Stenoses/strictures of other bodily structures/organs include:

Causes

Diagnosis

Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with unusual blood sounds resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. This sound can be made audible by a stethoscope, but diagnosis is generally made or confirmed with some form of medical imaging.

See also
  • Atresia

References
  1. OED 2nd edition, 1989, as /stɪˈnəʊsɪs/.
  2. Entry "stenosis" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
  3. "Dorlands Medical Dictionary:stenosis". www.mercksource.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  4. "What Is Atherosclerosis? - NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  5. "coarctation" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  6. "Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)". heart.org.
  7. Groenemeijer, BE; Bakker, A; Slis, HW; Waalewijn, RA; Heijmen, RH (2008). "An unexpected finding late after repair of coarctation of the aorta". Netherlands Heart Journal. 16 (7–8): 260–3. doi:10.1007/bf03086158. PMC 2516290. PMID 18711614.
  8. Forgos, Richard N. (August 2004). "Restenosis After Angioplasty and Stenting".
  9. "Carotid Artery Stenosis". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. 15 March 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
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