Abdul Halim of Kedah

Al-Sultan Al-Mu’tassimu Billahi Muhibbuddin Tuanku Al-Haj Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah (Jawi: المرحوم السلطان المعتصم بالله محب الدين توانکو الحاج عبدالحليم معظم شاه ابن المرحوم سلطان بدلي شاه; 28 November 1927 – 11 September 2017) was the 28th Sultan of Kedah, reigning from 1958 to 2017. He served as the fifth Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia from 1970 to 1975, and as the 14th Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 2011 to 2016. He was the first and only ruler to reign as Yang di-Pertuan Agong twice, as well as the oldest elected to the office. Immediately prior to his death, he was the second longest-reigning living monarch in the world after Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.

Abdul Halim
عبدالحليم‎
Al-Mu'tassimu Billah (He who seeks refuge in God)
Yang di-Pertuan Agong V & XIV
Abdul Halim in 2012
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1st Reign21 September 1970 – 20 September 1975
Installation20 February 1971
PredecessorIsmail Nasiruddin Shah of Terengganu
SuccessorYahya Petra of Kelantan
Prime MinistersTunku Abdul Rahman
Abdul Razak Hussein
2nd Reign13 December 2011 – 12 December 2016
Installation11 April 2012
PredecessorMizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu
SuccessorMuhammad V of Kelantan
Prime MinisterNajib Razak
Sultan of Kedah
Reign14 July 1958 – 11 September 2017
Installation20 February 1959
PredecessorBadlishah
SuccessorSallehuddin
Chief Ministers
See list
  • Ismail Yahaya
    Omar Abdullah Shahabuddin
    Ahmad Mahmud Shahabuddin
    Nahar Sheh Shahabuddin
    Osman Aroff
    Sanusi Junid
    Syed Razak Syed Zain Barakbah
    Mahdzir Khalid
    Azizan Abdul Razak
    Mukhriz Mahathir
    Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah
Born(1927-11-28)28 November 1927
Istana Anak Bukit, Alor Setar, Kedah, Unfederated Malay States, British Malaya (now Malaysia)
Died11 September 2017(2017-09-11) (aged 89)
Istana Anak Bukit, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
Burial12 September 2017
Langgar Royal Mausoleum, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
Spouse
    Sultanah Bahiyah
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1956; died 2003)​
      Sultanah Haminah
      ​
      ​
      (m. 1975⁠–⁠2017)​
      Issue
      Detail
      • Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz
      • Tunku Soraya
      • Tunku Sarina
      Names
      Tunku Abdul Halim ibni Tunku Badlishah
      Regnal name
      Al-Sultan Al-Mu’tassimu Billahi Muhibbuddin Tuanku Al-Haj Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah
      HouseMahawangsa
      FatherSultan Badlishah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah
      MotherTunku Sofiah binti Tunku Mahmud
      ReligionSunni Islam

      Biography

      Early career

      Born at Istana Anak Bukit near Alor Setar as Tunku Abdul Halim ibni Tunku Badlishah, he was the second, but eldest surviving son, of Sultan Badlishah (1894–1958; reigned 1943–1958), who later became the 28th Sultan of Kedah.[1] Of Malay and Thai descent, his mother was the Kedah-born princess Tunku Sofiah binti Tunku Mahmud (born 29 April 1899), who died in an automobile accident on 28 February 1934. Abdul Halim's maternal grandfather, Tunku Mahmud, was once Raja Muda (heir presumptive) to the throne of Kedah.[2]

      He was educated at Alor Merah and Titi Gajah Malay schools and Sultan Abdul Hamid College in Alor Star between 1946 and 1948. He went on to Wadham College, Oxford and obtained a Diploma in Social Science and Public Administration. He subsequently joined the Kedah Administrative Service, serving in the Alor Star district office and later, the state treasury.[3]

      Reign as Sultan of Kedah

      On 6 August 1949, Tuanku Abdul Halim was appointed Raja Muda or heir apparent, and acceded as the twenty-eighth Sultan of Kedah on his father's death on 14 July 1958.[4] He was installed at the Balai Besar, Kota Star Palace in Alor Star on 20 February 1959, in a ceremony not held since 1710.[5]

      Silver Jubilee Celebrations

      Tuanku Abdul Halim celebrated his silver jubilee on 15 August 1983 with his royal consort, Sultanah Bahiyah. To commemorate this occasion the Kedah government opened Jubli Perak Park at Sungai Petani, Kedah's second largest town.

      Golden Jubilee celebrations

      On 15 July 2008, Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah celebrated his Golden Jubilee as the Sultan of Kedah. He was only the fourth sultan in a line of 28 who reigned in Kedah for at least 50 years.[6]

      In conjunction with the Golden Jubilee, 15 July 2008 was declared as a public holiday for the state of Kedah.[7] A ceremony of handing over the contributions in conjunction with the Golden Jubilee was held at the Istana Anak Bukit on 6 July 2008 by Kedah Chief Minister Azizan Abdul Razak. Throughout the week of the Golden Jubilee, various events were held to commemorate the Sultan.

      Reign as the Yang-di Pertuan Agong of Malaysia

      First election as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong

      Tuanku Abdul Halim served as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 21 September 1965 to 20 September 1970.

      First election as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
      Abdul Halim in a carriage with Elizabeth II on a state visit to London, 1974.

      In July 1970, Tuanku Abdul Halim was elected as the fifth Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and served his term in office from 21 September 1970 to 20 September 1975. He was the third youngest monarch to ascend the throne of Yang di-Pertuan Agong after Tuanku Syed Putra of Perlis and Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu.

      During his kingship, Tuanku Abdul Halim presided over the first transfer of power of the civilian government when his uncle, Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman resigned in favour of his deputy Tun Abdul Razak. Tunku Abdul Rahman had felt that he should not serve under a nephew, given strict Malay royal protocol, but agreed to stay on as prime minister for one day of Tuanku Abdul Halim's reign.[8]

      Second election as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong

      On 2 November 2006, Tuanku Abdul Halim was elected for the second time to serve a five-year term as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He was the first person to have been elected to this office twice.

      Second election as Yang di-Pertuan Agong

      In October 2011, Abdul Halim was elected to a second term as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, which commenced on 13 December 2011. He was the first and only regnant sultan to hold the position twice.[9] He was also the oldest Malay Ruler to be installed as Yang di-Pertuan Agong at 84 years and 15 days old, surpassing the previous record holder, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz of Selangor, who was installed at 73 years and 49 days old. He was installed on 11 April 2012 at Istana Negara.

      During his tenure as Yang Di Pertuan Agong, a Council of Regency consisting of his brothers Tunku Annuar (d. May 2014), Tunku Sallehuddin, Tunku Abdul Hamid Thani, and daughter Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz was assigned to discharge Abdul Halim's duties as Sultan of Kedah.[10] His tenure as Yang Di Pertuan Agong ended on 12 December 2016.

      Family life

      Tuanku Abdul Halim had two wives:

      1. Sultanah Bahiyah, daughter of Tuanku Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan, married 1956. She served as Sultanah of Kedah (1958–2003) and Raja Permaisuri Agong (1970–1975). She died on 26 August 2003 at Istana Kuala Cegar in Alor Star.[11] They had only daughter:

      • Her Highness (Yang Teramat Mulia) Brigadier General Tunku Puteri Dato' Seri Diraja Tan Sri Intan Safinaz binti Tuanku AlHaj Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, The Tunku Temenggong of Kedah (previously Tunku Panglima Besar) (born 22 July 1966).

      They also adopted the twin daughters of his eldest sister, Tunku Hamidah, before the birth of their only child:

      • Her Royal Highness (Duli Yang Amat Mulia) Tunku Dato' Seri Diraja Tan Sri Soraya, The Raja Puan Muda of Perak (born 30 April 1960).
      • Her Highness (Yang Teramat Mulia) Tunku Sarina (30 April 1960 – 31 August 1991).

      Through Tunku Soraya, who married Raja Dato' Seri Diraja Tan Sri Iskandar Zulkarnain, son of Almarhum Sultan Idris Shah II and current Raja Di-Hilir Perak (the second heir apparent of Perak), they gave him three grandsons and two granddaughters:

      • His Highness (Yang Teramat Mulia) Raja Nabil Imran Aziz (born 1987)
      • His Highness (Yang Teramat Mulia) Raja Idris Shah (born 1989)
      • Her Highness (Yang Teramat Mulia) Raja Sarina Intan Bahiyah (born 1992)
      • Her Highness (Yang Teramat Mulia) Raja Safia Azizah (born 1997)
      • His Highness (Yang Teramat Mulia) Raja Siffudin Muadzam Shah (born 1999)

      2. Sultanah Haminah, married in 1975. A commoner from Perak, she was titled Che Puan Kedah until 9 January 2004 when she was installed as Sultanah.[12] She served as Raja Permaisuri Agong during his second term as Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

      Issue
      NameBirth DateBirth PlaceDeath DateDeath PlaceMarriage DateSpouseTheir childrenTheir grandchildren
      HRH Tunku Soraya binti Almarhum Tengku Abdul Aziz30 April 1960NoneNone24 August 1986DYAM Raja Iskandar Zulkarnain ibni Almarhum Sultan Idris Al-Mutawakkil Alallahi Shah IIHH Raja Nabil Imran
      HH Raja Idris Shah
      HH Raja Sarina Intan Bahiyah
      HH Raja Safia Azizah
      HH Raja Sifuddin Muadzam Shah      		None
      HH Tunku Sarina binti Almarhum Tengku Abdul Aziz30 April 196031 August 1991Kedah Royal Mausoleum198XHH Tunku Abdul Karim bin Tunku Ziauddin al-HajNoneNone
      HH Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz binti Almarhum Sultan Abdul Halim22 July 1966NoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNone

      Death

      Sultan Abdul Halim died on at 2:30 pm 11 September 2017, at the age of 89 (about 3 months shy of his 90th birthday), at Istana Anak Bukit in Alor Setar.[13][14] He was laid to rest next to grave of his late wife, Sultanah Bahiyah at Langgar Royal Mausoleum in Alor Setar, Kedah on the day after his death.[15]

      Ancestry

      Military grades

      Tuanku Abdul Halim held the rank of Marshal of the Royal Malaysian Air Force[16] in his previous constitutional duties as Commander-in-Chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces as well as the ranks of Field Marshal of the Malaysian Army and Admiral of the Fleet of the Royal Malaysian Navy. Since 1972 he was the Royal Malay Regiment's Colonel-in-Chief, and also performed the same functions for the Malaysian Army's Royal Service Corps.

      Awards and recognitions

      National and State honours
      •  Kedah:[17]
        • Grand Master of the State of Kedah Star of Valour (since 15 July 1958)
        • Founding Grand Master and Member of the Royal Family Order of Kedah (since 21 February 1964)
        • Founding Grand Master and Member of the Halimi Family Order of Kedah (since January 1973)
        • Grand Master of the Kedah Supreme Order of Merit (since 15 July 1958)
        • Founding Grand Master of the Supreme Order of Sri Mahawangsa (since 2005)
        • Grand Master of the State of Kedah Star of Gallantry (since 15 July 1958)
        • Founding Grand Master and Knight Grand Commander (SPMK) of the Exalted Order of the Crown of Kedah (since 21 February 1964)
        • Founding Grand Master and Knight Grand Companion (SSDK) of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah (since 21 September 1973)
        • Founding Grand Master of the Order of Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (since 2008)
        • Founding Grand Master and Knight Commander (DHMS) of the Order of Loyalty to Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (since 15 July 1983)
        • Founding Grand Master of the Glorious Order of the Crown of Kedah (since January 2001)
      •  Malaysia (twice as Yang di-Pertuan Agong):
        • Recipient of Order of the Royal House of Malaysia (1970 & 2012)
        • Member (DMN, 1959) and Grand Master of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (1970–1975 & 2011–2016)
        • Grand Master of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (1970–1975 & 2011–2016)
        • Grand Master of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (1970–1975 & 2011–2016)
        • Founding Grand Master of the Order of Merit of Malaysia (in 1975 & 2011–2016)
        • Grand Master of the Order for Important Services (2011–2016)
        • Grand Master of the Order of the Royal Household of Malaysia (1970–1975 & 2011–2016)
      •  Johor:
        • First Class Member of the Royal Family Order of Johor (DK I, September 1983)
      •  Kelantan:
        • Recipient of the Royal Family Order (Al-Yunusi Star) (DK, July 1959)
      •  Negeri Sembilan:
        • Member of the Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS, August 1982)
      •  Pahang:
        • First Class Member of the Family Order of the Crown of Pahang (DK I, 14 July 1987)
      •  Perak:
        • Member of the Royal Family Order of Perak (DK) (May 1986)[18]
      •  Perlis:
        • Member of the Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK, June 1980)
      •  Selangor:
        • First Class Member of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK I) (1978)[19]
      •  Terengganu:
        • First Class Member of the Royal Family Order of Terengganu (DK I) (1985)
      •  Malacca:
        • Grand Commander of the Premier and Exalted Order of Malacca (DUNM) - Datuk Seri Utama
      •  Sarawak:
        • Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP) - Datuk Patinggi (April 1977)

      Foreign honours

      Places named after him

      Several places were named after him, including:

      Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Gallery
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Highway in Alor Setar, Kedah
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Gallery, a museum in Alor Setar, Kedah
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Stadium in Alor Setar, Kedah
      • SK Tunku Abdul Halim, a primary school in Alor Setar, Kedah
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal in Penang
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital in Sungai Petani, Kedah
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Mosque in Sungai Petani, Kedah
      • Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Sultan Abdul Halim in Sungai Petani, Kedah
      • Sekolah Menengah Sultan Abdul Halim, a secondary school in Jitra, Kedah
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge, also known as the Penang Second Bridge, was named after him on 1 March 2014.
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Airport in Kepala Batas, Kedah
      • Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (POLIMAS) in Jitra, was also given in honour of his name.
      • Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim in Kuala Lumpur, formerly known as Jalan Duta
      • Kompleks Penerangan & Penyiaran Sultan Abdul Halim in Alor Setar, Kedah
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah International Islamic University in Kuala Ketil, Kedah
      • Kem Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (formerly known as Kem Tok Jalai), a military camp in Jitra, Kedah
      • Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Football Cup

      Notes and references
      1. Information Malaysia. Berita Publ. Sdn. Bhd. 1985.
      2. Finestone, Jeffrey and Shaharil Talib (1994) The Royal Families of South-East Asia Shahindera Sdn Bhd
      3. Ibrahim Ismail (1987) Sejarah Kedah Sepintas Lalu p209 Penerbit UUM
      4. (3 November 2006) Bernama
      5. Ibrahim Ismail (1987) Op Cit pp 214–218
      6. (July 14, 2008) Bernama Online
      7. (July 6, 2008) Bernama Online
      8. Tunku Abdul Rahman (1977) Looking Back p346 Pustaka Antara, Kuala Lumpur
      9. "Sultan of Kedah to be next Yang di-Pertuan Agong, for second time". The Malaysian Insider. 14 October 2011. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
      10. "Kedah Sultan Reminds Council of Regency To Carry Out Duties With Honesty". Bernama. 12 December 2011. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
      11. ( 26 August 2003) Utusan Malaysia
      12. (10 January 2004) Bernama
      13. Mohd. Rafie Azimi (11 September 2017). "Sultan Kedah mangkat" [The sultan of Kedah passed away]. Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
      14. "Kedah's Sultan Tuanku Abdul Halim passes away". The Star. 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
      15. "Almarhum Sultan Kedah Dimakamkan Di Makam Diraja Langgar". Addin (in Malay). 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
      16. "Photographs of Tuanku Abdul Halim, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia". Janus. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
      17. Photo of Sultan Abdul Halim and Sultanah Haminah
      18. "DK 1986". pingat.perak.gov.my.
      19. "DK I 1978". awards.selangor.gov.my.
      20. List of Malay rulers (as of January 2013) with details of orders
      21. Badraie Archived 2 March 2004 at the Wayback Machine
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