778

Year 778 (DCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 778 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
778 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar778
DCCLXXVIII
Ab urbe condita1531
Armenian calendar227
ԹՎ ՄԻԷ
Assyrian calendar5528
Balinese saka calendar699–700
Bengali calendar185
Berber calendar1728
Buddhist calendar1322
Burmese calendar140
Byzantine calendar6286–6287
Chinese calendar丁巳年 (Fire Snake)
3474 or 3414
     to 
戊午年 (Earth Horse)
3475 or 3415
Coptic calendar494–495
Discordian calendar1944
Ethiopian calendar770–771
Hebrew calendar4538–4539
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat834–835
 - Shaka Samvat699–700
 - Kali Yuga3878–3879
Holocene calendar10778
Iranian calendar156–157
Islamic calendar161–162
Japanese calendarHōki 9
(宝亀9年)
Javanese calendar673–674
Julian calendar778
DCCLXXVIII
Korean calendar3111
Minguo calendar1134 before ROC
民前1134年
Nanakshahi calendar−690
Seleucid era1089/1090 AG
Thai solar calendar1320–1321
Tibetan calendar阴火蛇年
(female Fire-Snake)
904 or 523 or −249
     to 
阳土马年
(male Earth-Horse)
905 or 524 or −248
The death of Roland (Battle of Roncevaux)
Olifant, Roland's horn (Aachen Cathedral)

Events

Arab Caliphate and Byzantine Empire

  • Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Leo IV ("the Khazar") repulses an Abbasid invasion in Anatolia. A Byzantine expeditionary force under Michael Lachanodrakon, military governor (strategos) of the Thracesian Theme, defeats the Muslim-Arabs at the fortress city of Germanikeia in Cilicia (modern Turkey). He plunders the region and takes many captives, mostly Jacobites, who are resettled in Thrace.
Silver dirham of Arab caliph al-Mahdi, minted at Baghdad in 778/9

Europe

  • A Frankish army (supported by Burgundians, Bavarians, Bretons, Lombards, and Visigoths) under King Charlemagne invades Al-Andalus (modern Spain), and conquers the cities of Pamplona and Barcelona. However, the Franks are halted at Zaragoza, in the thughur or frontier zone of the Emirate of Córdoba. During the retreat, Charlemagne is defeated by the Basques at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass (Pyrenees; August 15). Among those killed is Roland, governor of the Breton March, who will be immortalized in the 11th century epic The Song of Roland. This marks the beginning of medieval French literature.
  • Saxon Wars: Widukind and his close followers return to Saxony from Denmark. He probably makes alliances with the Danes and the northwestern Slav tribes. Saxon rebels destroy the fortress of Karlsburg and sack Deutz (near Cologne), but are unable to cross the Rhine. They are driven back by the garrison of Koblenz, but then ambush and defeat the Frankish pursuers. Counter-attacking Frankish forces pursue the Saxons up the Lahn Valley, and defeat them near Leisa.[1]

Britain

  • Unrest in Northumbria leads to King Æthelred I ordering the execution of three of his dukes. This considerably weakens his position (approximate date).

Religion

Births

  • Ali ibn al-Madini, Muslim scholar (d. 849)
  • Bernard, bishop of Vienne (d. 842)
  • Ermengarde of Hesbaye, queen of the Franks (d. 818)
  • Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, Muslim scholar and imam (or 777)
  • Li Gongzuo, Chinese writer (d. 848)
  • Li Shigu, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 806)
  • Liu Gongquan, Chinese calligrapher (d. 865)
  • Louis the Pious, king of the Franks (d. 840)
  • Rotrude, Frankish princess, daughter of Charlemagne (or 775)
  • Xian Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 820)
  • Zhaozhou, Chinese Zen Buddhist master (d. 897)

Deaths

  • August 15 Roland, Frankish military leader
  • Áed Find, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)
  • Alpín II, king of the Picts
  • Berhthun, bishop of Lichfield (approximate date)
  • Congalach mac Conaing, king of South Brega (Ireland)
  • Eterscél mac Áeda, king of the Uí Cheinnselaig (Ireland)
  • Mac Flaithniadh, abbot of Clonfert (Ireland)
  • Niall Frossach, High King of Ireland
  • Sufyan al-Thawri, Muslim scholar and jurist (b. 716)

References

  1. David Nicolle (2014). The Conquest of Saxony AD 782–785. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-78200-825-5
  2. David Nicolle (2014). The Conquest of Saxony AD 782–785, p. 17. ISBN 978-1-78200-825-5
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