UEFA Euro 2000

The 2000 UEFA European Football Championship, also known as Euro 2000, was the 11th UEFA European Championship, a football tournament held every four years and organised by UEFA, the sport's governing body in Europe.[1]

UEFA Euro 2000
Europees Voetbalkampioenschap
België/Nederland 2000 (in Dutch)
Championnat d'Europe de football
Belgique/Pays Bas 2000 (in French)
Fußball-Europameisterschaft
Belgien/Niederlande 2000 (in German)
Football without frontiers
Tournament details
Host countriesBelgium
Netherlands
Dates10 June – 2 July
Teams16
Venue(s)8 (in 8 host cities)
Final positions
Champions France (2nd title)
Runners-up Italy
Tournament statistics
Matches played31
Goals scored85 (2.74 per match)
Attendance1,122,833 (36,220 per match)
Top scorer(s) Savo Milošević
Patrick Kluivert
(5 goals each)
Best player(s) Zinedine Zidane

The finals tournament was played between 10 June and 2 July 2000, and co-hosted by Belgium and the Netherlands, the first time the tournament had been held in more than one nation. Spain and Austria also bid to host the event.[2] The finals tournament was contested by 16 nations; with the exception of the hosts, Belgium and the Netherlands, the finalists had to go through a qualifying tournament to reach the final stage. France won the tournament by defeating Italy 2–1 in the final, via a golden goal.[3]

The finals saw the first major UEFA competition contested in the King Baudouin Stadium (formerly the Heysel Stadium) since the events of the 1985 European Cup Final and the Heysel Stadium disaster, with the opening game being played in the rebuilt stadium.

A high-scoring tournament with many exciting matches and a very high standard of play, Euro 2000 is often named by football writers as one of the greatest international tournaments ever.[4][5][6][7]

Bid process

Belgium and the Netherlands were selected as co-hosts on 14 July 1995 by the UEFA Executive Committee at a meeting in Geneva, Switzerland.[8][9]

Hooliganism concerns

Football hooliganism was a significant problem in the Netherlands in the 1990s, especially the fierce rivalry between Ajax and Feyenoord. There were concerns that hooliganism would overshadow the finals. Many instances of violence occurred, including several football riots in Rotterdam between 1995 and 1999, which would host the Euro 2000 final. One of the most infamous incidents was the Battle of Beverwijk in 1997. Although the violence is normally associated with domestic clubs, there were concerns that it could attach to the Dutch national team.[10][11]

Violence did eventually occur during the Euro 2000 finals, albeit not involving the Dutch team. On 17 June 174 England fans were arrested in Brussels, Belgium, following violence with Germans ahead of an England v Germany match.[12]

Summary

One of the biggest surprises of the tournament was Portugal, winning Group A with three wins, including a 3–0 win against Germany, with Sérgio Conceição scoring a hat-trick,[13] and a 3–2 win over England, in which they came back from 2–0 down.[14] Romania was the other qualifier from the group, beating England with a late penalty in their last group game.[15]

Belgium had a surprise exit in the group stage, winning the tournament's first game against Sweden,[16] but losing to Turkey and Italy.[17][18] They finished third in Group B, behind Italy and Turkey. The other co-host and favourite, the Netherlands, progressed as expected from Group D, along with World Cup winners France. The Netherlands won the group, by beating France in their last group match.[19] Also in Group D, Denmark's three losses with eight goals conceded and none scored set a new record for the worst team performance in the group stages of a Euros. Group C was memorable for the match between FR Yugoslavia and Spain. Spain needed a win to ensure progression, but found themselves trailing 3–2 after Slobodan Komljenović scored in the 75th minute. The Spanish side rescued their tournament by scoring twice in injury time to record a 4–3 victory.[20] FR Yugoslavia managed to go through as well, despite losing because Norway and Slovenia played to a draw.[21]

France and Italy before the final on 2 July

Italy and Portugal maintained their perfect records in the quarter-finals, beating Romania and Turkey, respectively, and the Netherlands started a goal-avalanche against FR Yugoslavia, winning 6–1. Spain fell 2–1 to France; Raúl missed a late penalty that ended Spanish hopes.

Italy eliminated the Netherlands in the semi-finals, despite going down to ten men and facing two penalty kicks. Italian goalkeeper Francesco Toldo, who had been drafted into the starting XI as Gianluigi Buffon missed the tournament through injury, made two saves in the penalty shootout (in addition to his penalty save in normal time) to carry the Italians to the final.

In the other semi-final, Portugal lost in extra time to France after Zinedine Zidane converted a controversial penalty kick. Several Portuguese players challenged the awarding of the penalty for a handball and were given lengthy suspensions for shoving the referee.[22] France won the tournament, defeating Italy 2–1 in the final with a golden goal by David Trezeguet after equalising with a last-minute goal, and became the first team to win the European championship while being world champion.[23]

In Britain, Match of the Day named Stefano Fiore's goal against Belgium the Goal of the Tournament, ahead of Patrick Kluivert's against France and Zinedine Zidane's against Spain.[24]

Qualification
Nationale-Nederlanden building in Rotterdam with "breakthrough" featuring Edgar Davids

Qualification for the tournament took place throughout 1998 and 1999. Forty-nine teams were divided into nine groups and each played the others in their group, on a home-and-away basis. The winner of each group and the best runner-up qualified automatically for the final tournament. The eight other runners-up played an additional set of play-off matches to determine the last four qualifiers. Belgium and the Netherlands automatically qualified for the tournament as co-hosts.

Qualified teams
Team Qualified as Qualified on Previous appearances in tournament[upper-alpha 1]
 BelgiumCo-host14 July 19953 (1972, 1980, 1984)
 NetherlandsCo-host14 July 19955 (1976, 1980, 1988, 1992, 1996)
 Czech Republic[upper-alpha 2]Group 9 winner9 June 19994 (1960, 1976, 1980, 1996)
 NorwayGroup 2 winner8 September 19990 (debut)
 SwedenGroup 5 winner8 September 19991 (1992)
 SpainGroup 6 winner8 September 19995 (1964, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1996)
 ItalyGroup 1 winner9 October 19994 (1968, 1980, 1988, 1996)
 Germany[upper-alpha 3]Group 3 winner9 October 19997 (1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996)
 FranceGroup 4 winner9 October 19994 (1960, 1984, 1992, 1996)
 RomaniaGroup 7 winner9 October 19992 (1984, 1996)
 FR Yugoslavia[upper-alpha 4]Group 8 winner9 October 19994 (1960, 1968, 1976, 1984)[upper-alpha 5]
 PortugalBest runner-up9 October 19992 (1984, 1996)
 DenmarkPlay-off winner17 November 19995 (1964, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996)
 EnglandPlay-off winner17 November 19995 (1968, 1980, 1988, 1992, 1996)
 SloveniaPlay-off winner17 November 19990 (debut)
 TurkeyPlay-off winner17 November 19991 (1996)
  1. Bold indicates champion for that year. Italic indicates host for that year.
  2. From 1960 to 1980, the Czech Republic competed as Czechoslovakia.
  3. From 1972 to 1988, Germany competed as West Germany.
  4. From 1960 to 1984, FR Yugoslavia competed as Yugoslavia.
  5. FR Yugoslavia were initially to appear in 1992 (after qualifying as Yugoslavia), but were replaced after being banned by the United Nations from all international sport.

Final draw

The finals draw took place 15:00 CET on 12 December 1999, at the Brussels Expo in Belgium; and was streamed live on UEFA's official website.[25]

The composition of pots 1 to 4 was based on the teams' UEFA national team coefficient ranking at the end of 1999,[26] with the exception of pot 1 automatically top seeding Germany as holders along with co-hosts Belgium and Netherlands.[27][28][25]

Pot 1
TeamCoeffRank
 Germany (holders)[lower-alpha 1]2.2787
 Belgium (co-hosts)[lower-alpha 2]2.3755
 Netherlands (co-hosts)[lower-alpha 3]2.2508
 Spain[lower-alpha 4]2.6111
Pot 2
TeamCoeffRank
 Romania2.6002
 Norway2.5003
 Sweden2.3894
 Czech Republic2.3006
Pot 3
TeamCoeffRank
 FR Yugoslavia2.2229
 Portugal2.10011
 France2.10012
 Italy2.06313
Pot 4
TeamCoeffRank
 England2.00015
 Turkey1.93818
 Denmark1.93819
 Slovenia1.00037
  Automatically selected as a top-seeded team into pot 1, irrespectively of their ranking position.
  1. Defending champions Germany (coefficient 2.278; rank 7th) were automatically assigned to position A1.
  2. Co-hosts Belgium (coefficient 2.375; rank 5th) were automatically assigned to position B1.
  3. Co-hosts Netherlands (coefficient 2.250; rank 8th) were automatically assigned to position D1.
  4. Highest ranked Spain (coefficient 2.611; rank 1st) were automatically assigned to position C1.

Prior to the draw, the seeded teams in Pot 1 were assigned positions: Germany (defending champion) to A1, Belgium (co-host) to B1, Spain (highest coefficient) to C1, and the Netherlands (co-host) to D1. Teams were drawn consecutively from Pots 2 to 4 into a group, with each team then being assigned a specific position (for the purposes of determining the match schedules in each group).[25]

The draw resulted in the following groups:[29][30]

Group A
PosTeam
A1 Germany
A2 Romania
A3 Portugal
A4 England
Group B
PosTeam
B1 Belgium
B2 Sweden
B3 Turkey
B4 Italy
Group C
PosTeam
C1 Spain
C2 Norway
C3 FR Yugoslavia
C4 Slovenia
Group D
PosTeam
D1 Netherlands
D2 Czech Republic
D3 France
D4 Denmark

Venues

Capacity figures are those for matches at UEFA Euro 2000 and are not necessarily the total capacity that the stadium is capable of holding.[31]

Belgium Netherlands
Brussels Bruges Amsterdam Rotterdam
King Baudouin Stadium Jan Breydel Stadium Amsterdam Arena Feijenoord Stadion
Capacity: 50,000 Capacity: 30,000 Capacity: 52,000 Capacity: 51,000
Liège Charleroi Eindhoven Arnhem
Stade Maurice Dufrasne Stade du Pays de Charleroi Philips Stadion GelreDome
Capacity: 30,000 Capacity: 30,000 Capacity: 33,000 Capacity: 30,000

Team base camps

The 16 national teams each stayed in their own "team base camp" during the tournament.[32]

Team Base camp Ref.
Belgium Lichtaart [33][34]
Czech Republic Knokke-Heist [35]
Denmark Brunssum [36]
England Spa/Waterloo [32][37]
FR Yugoslavia Edegem [34][38]
France Genval [39]
Germany Vaals [40]
Italy Grobbendonk [41][42]
Netherlands Hoenderloo [34][43]
Norway Knokke-Heist [34][44]
Portugal Ermelo [34][45]
Romania Grimbergen/Arnhem [46]
Slovenia Soestduinen [47][48]
Spain Tegelen [49]
Sweden Oisterwijk [50]
Turkey Delden [51]

Squads

Each national team had to submit a squad of 22 players, three of whom must be goalkeepers.

Match officials

On 15 February 2000, UEFA appointed 12 referees, 16 assistant referees and four fourth officials for the competition, including a referee and an assistant referee from the Confederation of African Football.[52] The event saw assistant referees being allowed to intervene an ongoing game, in particular to help the match official apply the 10-metre rule when deciding free-kicks – as well as warn the referee instantly if he had booked or ejected the wrong player, something that was not possible in previous tournaments.[53] Also, fourth officials were given a larger role in assisting to take command of the match if any decisions are gone unnoticed by the referee or an assistant referee.[53]

The German referee Markus Merk was selected to referee the opening game between Belgium and Sweden.[54]

Referees Assistant referees Fourth officials
Günter Benkö Yuri Dupanov Michel Piraux
Kim Milton Nielsen Roland Van Nylen Kyros Vassaras
Gamal Al-Ghandour Ivan Lekov Terje Hauge
Graham Poll Jens Larsen Ľuboš Micheľ
Gilles Veissière Philip Sharp
Markus Merk Jacques Poudevigne
Pierluigi Collina Kurt Ertl
Dick Jol Sergio Zuccolini
Vítor Melo Pereira Dramane Dante
Hugh Dallas Emanuel Zammit
José María García-Aranda Jaap Pool
Anders Frisk Eddie Foley
Urs Meier Nicolae Grigorescu
Igor Šramka
Carlos Martín Nieto
Leif Lindberg
Turgay Güdü

Group stage
UEFA Euro 2000 finalists and their results

The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the four groups progress to the quarter-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated.

All times are local, CEST (UTC+2).

Tiebreakers

If two or more teams finished level on points after completion of the group matches, the following tie-breakers were used to determine the final ranking:[55]

  1. greater number of points in the matches between the teams in question;
  2. greater goal difference in matches between the teams in question;
  3. greater number of goals scored in matches between the teams in question;
  4. greater goal difference in all group games;
  5. greater number of goals scored in all group games;
  6. higher coefficient derived from Euro 2000 and 1998 World Cup qualifiers (points obtained divided by number of matches played);
  7. fair play conduct in Euro 2000;
  8. drawing of lots.

Group A
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Portugal 3 3 0 0 7 2 +5 9 Advance to knockout stage
2  Romania 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 4
3  England 3 1 0 2 5 6 −1 3
4  Germany 3 0 1 2 1 5 −4 1
Source: UEFA
Germany 1–1 Romania
  • Scholl 28'
 Report
  • Moldovan 5'
Stade Maurice Dufrasne, Liège
Attendance: 28,500
Referee: Kim Milton Nielsen (Denmark)
Portugal 3–2 England
 Report
Philips Stadion, Eindhoven
Attendance: 31,500
Referee: Anders Frisk (Sweden)
Romania 0–1 Portugal
Report
  • Costinha 90+4'
GelreDome, Arnhem
Attendance: 28,400
Referee: Gilles Veissière (France)
England 1–0 Germany
 Report
Stade du Pays de Charleroi, Charleroi
Attendance: 29,000
England 2–3 Romania
 Report
  • Chivu 22'
  • Munteanu 48'
  • Ganea 89' (pen.)
Stade du Pays de Charleroi, Charleroi
Attendance: 30,000
Referee: Urs Meier (Switzerland)
Portugal 3–0 Germany
 Report
Attendance: 44,000
Referee: Dick Jol (Netherlands)

Group B
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Italy 3 3 0 0 6 2 +4 9 Advance to knockout stage
2  Turkey 3 1 1 1 3 2 +1 4
3  Belgium (H) 3 1 0 2 2 5 −3 3
4  Sweden 3 0 1 2 2 4 −2 1
Source: UEFA
(H) Host
Belgium 2–1 Sweden
  • Goor 43'
  • É. Mpenza 46'
 Report
  • Mjällby 53'
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels
Attendance: 46,700
Referee: Markus Merk (Germany)
Turkey 1–2 Italy
  • Okan 62'
 Report
GelreDome, Arnhem
Attendance: 22,500
Referee: Hugh Dallas (Scotland)
Italy 2–0 Belgium
 Report
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels
Attendance: 44,500
Referee: José María García-Aranda (Spain)
Sweden 0–0 Turkey
Report
Philips Stadion, Eindhoven
Attendance: 27,000
Referee: Dick Jol (Netherlands)
Turkey 2–0 Belgium
 Report
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels
Attendance: 48,000
Referee: Kim Milton Nielsen (Denmark)[note 1]
Italy 2–1 Sweden
 Report
Philips Stadion, Eindhoven
Attendance: 30,000
Referee: Vítor Melo Pereira (Portugal)

Group C
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Spain 3 2 0 1 6 5 +1 6 Advance to knockout stage
2  FR Yugoslavia 3 1 1 1 7 7 0 4[lower-alpha 1]
3  Norway 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 4[lower-alpha 1]
4  Slovenia 3 0 2 1 4 5 −1 2
Source: UEFA
Notes:
  1. Head-to-head result: Norway 0–1 FR Yugoslavia.
Spain 0–1 Norway
Report
  • Iversen 65'
Attendance: 41,000
Referee: Gamal Al-Ghandour (Egypt)
FR Yugoslavia 3–3 Slovenia
  • Milošević 67', 73'
  • Drulović 70'
 Report
  • Zahovič 23', 57'
  • Pavlin 52'
Stade du Pays de Charleroi, Charleroi
Attendance: 18,500
Referee: Vítor Melo Pereira (Portugal)
Slovenia 1–2 Spain
  • Zahovič 59'
 Report
Attendance: 51,300
Referee: Markus Merk (Germany)
Norway 0–1 FR Yugoslavia
Report
  • Milošević 8'
Stade Maurice Dufrasne, Liège
Attendance: 28,750
Referee: Hugh Dallas (Scotland)
FR Yugoslavia 3–4 Spain
  • Milošević 30'
  • Govedarica 50'
  • Komljenović 75'
 Report
  • Alfonso 38', 90+5'
  • Munitis 51'
  • Mendieta 90+4' (pen.)
Jan Breydel Stadium, Bruges
Attendance: 26,611
Referee: Gilles Veissière (France)
Slovenia 0–0 Norway
Report
GelreDome, Arnhem
Attendance: 21,000
Referee: Graham Poll (England)

Group D
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Netherlands (H) 3 3 0 0 7 2 +5 9 Advance to knockout stage
2  France 3 2 0 1 7 4 +3 6
3  Czech Republic 3 1 0 2 3 3 0 3
4  Denmark 3 0 0 3 0 8 −8 0
Source: UEFA
(H) Host
France 3–0 Denmark
 Report
Jan Breydel Stadium, Bruges
Attendance: 28,100
Referee: Günter Benkö (Austria)
Netherlands 1–0 Czech Republic
  • F. de Boer 89' (pen.)
 Report
Attendance: 50,800
Czech Republic 1–2 France
  • Poborský 35' (pen.)
 Report
Jan Breydel Stadium, Bruges
Attendance: 27,243
Referee: Graham Poll (England)
Denmark 0–3 Netherlands
Report
Attendance: 51,425
Referee: Urs Meier (Switzerland)
Denmark 0–2 Czech Republic
Report
  • Šmicer 64', 67'
Stade Maurice Dufrasne, Liège
Attendance: 20,000
Referee: Gamal Al-Ghandour (Egypt)
France 2–3 Netherlands
 Report
Attendance: 50,000
Referee: Anders Frisk (Sweden)

Knockout stage

The knockout stage was a single-elimination tournament with each round eliminating the losers.[55] Any game that was undecided by the end of the regular 90 minutes, was followed by up to thirty minutes of extra time.[55] For the second time the golden goal system was applied, whereby the first team to score during the extra time would become the winner.[55] If no goal was scored there would be a penalty shoot-out to determine the winner.[55] For the second time the final was won by a golden goal.[55]

As with every tournament since UEFA Euro 1984, there was no third place play-off.

All times are local, CEST (UTC+2).

Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
25 June – Bruges
 
 
 Spain1
 
28 June – Brussels
 
 France2
 
 France (g.g.)2
 
24 June – Amsterdam
 
 Portugal1
 
 Turkey0
 
2 July – Rotterdam
 
 Portugal2
 
 France (g.g.)2
 
24 June – Brussels
 
 Italy1
 
 Italy2
 
29 June – Amsterdam
 
 Romania0
 
 Italy (p)0 (3)
 
25 June – Rotterdam
 
 Netherlands0 (1)
 
 Netherlands6
 
 
 FR Yugoslavia1
 

Quarter-finals
Turkey 0–2 Portugal
Report
Attendance: 42,000
Referee: Dick Jol (Netherlands)
Italy 2–0 Romania
 Report
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels
Attendance: 41,000
Referee: Vítor Melo Pereira (Portugal)
Netherlands 6–1 FR Yugoslavia
  • Kluivert 24', 38', 54'
  • Govedarica 51' (o.g.)
  • Overmars 78', 90+1'
 Report
  • Milošević 90+2'
Attendance: 44,000
Referee: José María García-Aranda (Spain)
Spain 1–2 France
  • Mendieta 38' (pen.)
 Report
Jan Breydel Stadium, Bruges
Attendance: 26,614

Semi-finals
France 2–1 (a.e.t.) Portugal
 Report
King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels
Attendance: 48,000
Referee: Günter Benkö (Austria)
Italy 0–0 (a.e.t.) Netherlands
Report
Penalties
 3–1
Attendance: 50,000
Referee: Markus Merk (Germany)

Final
France 2–1 (a.e.t./g.g.) Italy
 Report
  • Delvecchio 55'
Attendance: 50,000[56]
Referee: Anders Frisk (Sweden)

Statistics

Goalscorers

There were 85 goals scored in 31 matches, for an average of 2.74 goals per match.

5 goals

4 goals

3 goals

2 goals

1 goal

1 own goal

  • Dejan Govedarica (against Netherlands)

Source: UEFA[57]

Awards
UEFA Team of the Tournament[58]
Goalkeepers Defenders Midfielders Forwards
Fabien Barthez
Francesco Toldo		 Laurent Blanc
Marcel Desailly
Lilian Thuram
Fabio Cannavaro
Paolo Maldini
Alessandro Nesta
Frank de Boer		 Patrick Vieira
Zinedine Zidane
Demetrio Albertini
Edgar Davids
Rui Costa
Luís Figo
Pep Guardiola		 Savo Milošević
Thierry Henry
Francesco Totti
Patrick Kluivert
Nuno Gomes
Raúl

Golden Boot

UEFA Player of the Tournament

Prize money
Prize money
RankTeamCHFMillion[59]
1 France14.4
2 Italy13.2
3 Netherlands
 Portugal		10.2
5 Romania
 Spain
 Turkey
 FR Yugoslavia		7.8
9 Belgium
 Czech Republic
 England
 Norway		5.4
13 Denmark
 Germany
 Slovenia
 Sweden		4.8

A sum of CHF120 million was awarded to the 16 qualified teams in the competition.[59][60] France, the winners of the tournament, received a total prize money of CHF14.4 million.[59] Below is a complete list of the allocations:[60]

Extra payment based on teams performances:

  • Winner: CHF14.4 million
  • Runner-up: CHF13.2 million
  • Semi-finals: CHF10.2 million
  • Quarter-finals: CHF7.8 million
  • Group stage:
    • Third place: CHF5.4 million
    • Fourth place: CHF4.8 million

On 9 July 2000, UEFA refused to hand FR Yugoslavia their prize money of CHF7.8 million, because of alleged ties between the Football Association of FR Yugoslavia and Slobodan Milošević's government.[61] However, no connections were found and the Football Association of FR Yugoslavia later received their money with an additional bonus.[62]

Marketing

Slogan and theme song

The slogan of the competition was "Football without frontiers".[63][64] "Campione 2000" by E-Type was the official anthem of the event.[65]

Match ball
The Adidas Terrestra Silverstream, the match ball used at the tournament.

The Adidas Terrestra Silverstream was unveiled as the official match ball of the competition on 13 December 1999 at Constant Vanden Stock Stadium, Anderlecht's home arena by Alessandro Del Piero, Edwin van der Sar, Zinedine Zidane and Luc Nilis.[66][67]

Mascot
Benelucky, the Euro 2000 mascot

The official mascot for the tournament was Benelucky[68] (a pun on Benelux), a lion-devil hybrid with its mane having the flag colours of both host nations. The lion is the national football emblem of the Netherlands and a devil is the emblem of Belgium (the team being nicknamed "the Red Devils").[69]

Sponsorship

UEFA distinguishes between global sponsors and national sponsors. Global Euro sponsors can come from any country and have exclusive worldwide sponsorship rights for a UEFA Euro championship. National (event) sponsors come from a host country and only have sponsorship rights within that country.[70]

Global sponsorsEvent sponsors
Belgium Netherlands

Notes
  1. Nielsen suffered an injury in the 39th minute and was replaced by fourth official Günter Benkö (Austria).

References
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  2. Dietrich Schulze-Marmeling: Die Geschichte der Fußball-Europameisterschaft, Verlag Die Werkstatt, ISBN 978-3-89533-553-2
  3. "France add Europe to the world". The Guardian. 2 July 2000. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
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  5. "Soccernet.com Euro 2000 News: So, is this the best tournament we've ever seen?". www.espnfc.com.
  6. McNulty, Paul. "A Personal Account of Possibly The Best European Championships of All".
  7. Smyth, Rob (27 June 2008). "The Joy of Six: great international tournaments". The Guardian.
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  10. "Holland's hooligan horror". The Guardian. 2 May 1999.
  11. Brown, Sean (13 September 2013). Football Fans Around the World: From Supporters to Fanatics. ISBN 9781317997863.
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  15. "Late penalty breaks English hearts". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 20 June 2000. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  16. "Belgium kick off with fine win". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 June 2000. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  17. "Turks through as Belgium crash out". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 19 June 2000. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
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  19. "Group D goes Dutch". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 June 2000. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  20. "Spain survive in seven-goal classic". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 June 2000. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  21. "Norway crash out after Slovenia draw". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 June 2000. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  22. "UEFA suspends Portuguese trio". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2 July 2000. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
  23. Born, Matt; Bishop, Patrick (3 July 2000). "Golden goal gives France victory in Euro 2000". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  24. "Fiore strike scoops top spot". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 July 2000. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
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  26. "UEFA European National Team Ranking Table 1999". England Football Online. 21 December 2001. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
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