Demographics of Egypt

Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the fourth-most populous on the African continent, after Nigeria, Ethiopia and Democratic Republic of the Congo.[1][2] About 95%[3] of the country's 102 million people (July 2021)[4] live along the banks of the Nile and in the Nile Delta, which fans out north of Cairo; and along the Suez Canal. These regions are among the world's most densely populated, containing an average of over 1,540 per km2, as compared to 96 persons per km2 for the country as a whole.

Demographics of Egypt
Population pyramid of Egypt in 2020
Population103,376,607
Growth rate1.68% (2022 est.)
Birth rate21.46 births/1,000 population
Death rate4.32 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy74.45 years
 • male73.26 years
 • female75.72 years
Fertility rate2.63 children
Infant mortality rate17.7 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total1.06 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Language
OfficialArabic
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2010 population density

Small communities spread throughout the desert regions of Egypt are clustered around historic trade and transportation routes. The government has tried with mixed success to encourage migration to newly irrigated land reclaimed from the desert. However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the megacities in search of employment and a higher standard of living.

According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach (cliodynamics), the basic problem Egypt has is an unemployment rate driven by a demographic youth bulge: with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4% a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who comprised most of the people that were seen out in the streets during the Egyptian revolution of 2011. An estimated 51.2% of Egyptians are under the age of 25, with just 4.3% over the age of 65, making it one of the most youthful populations in the world.[5][6]

History

Population

Egypt has a population of 92,000,000 (2016).[7][8] According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Egypt from 1990 to 2008 was 23.7 million and 41%.[9]

Age distribution

Data taken from Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics.[10]

Percentage distribution of population in censuses (1976,1986,1996,2006) by age group

Percentage distribution of population in censuses by age group

Age group 2006 1996 1986 1976
0–4 10.6 11.6 15.3 13.9
5–9 10.5 12.9 13.2 12.8
10–14 10.6 13.3 11.6 13.4
15–19 11.8 11.6 10.6 10.9
20–24 10.8 8.6 8.9 8.4
25–29 8.8 7.4 7.7 7.3
30–34 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.8
35–39 6.4 6.5 6.1 5.6
40–44 5.6 5.3 4.4 5.1
45–49 5.1 4.5 4.0 4.2
50–54 4.2 3.4 3.5 4.0
55–59 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.4
60–64 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.7
65–69 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4
70–74 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2
75+ 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010):

Age group Male Female % Total
0–4 4,282 4,072 10.6 8,354
5–9 4,265 4,007 10.5 8,272
10–14 4,330 4,023 10.6 8,353
15–19 4,738 4,501 11.7 9,239
20–24 4,358 4,155 10.8 8,513
25–29 3,412 3,498 8.8 6,910
30–34 2,614 2,503 6.5 5,117
35–39 2,498 2,536 6.4 5,034
40–44 2,237 2,186 5.6 4,423
45–49 2,029 1,942 5.0 3,971
50–54 1,668 1,640 4.2 3,308
55–59 1,312 1,136 3.1 2,448
60–64 971 871 2.3 1 842
65–69 693 597 1.6 1 290
70–74 435 419 1.1 854
75+ 408 392 1.0 800
Total 40,250 38,478 100 78,728
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012):

Age group Male Female % Total
0–4 4,780 4,410 11.17 9,190
5–9 4,534 4,192 10.60 8,726
10–14 3,970 3,706 9.33 7,676
15–19 3,970 3,746 9.37 7,710
20–24 4,236 4,024 10.04 8,260
25–29 4,084 3,924 9.73 8,008
30–34 3,346 3,249 8.01 6,595
35–39 2,589 2,524 6.21 5,113
40–44 2,262 2,206 5.43 4,468
45–49 2,077 2,037 5.00 4,114
50–54 1,821 1,798 4.40 3,619
55–59 1,494 1,480 3.61 2,974
60–64 1,105 1,113 2.69 2,218
65–69 767 785 1.89 1,552
70–74 501 517 1.24 1,018
75+ 522 536 1.29 1,058
Total 42,058 40,247 100 82,305
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013):

Age group Male Female % Total
0–4 4,861 4,481 11.17 9,342
5–9 4,610 4,259 10.60 8,869
10–14 4,038 3,765 9.33 7,803
15–19 4,038 3,805 9.37 7,843
20–24 4,309 4,089 10.04 8,398
25–29 4,152 3,987 9.73 8,139
30–34 3,403 3,300 8.01 6,703
35–39 2,633 2,564 6.21 5,197
40–44 2,300 2,241 5.43 4,541
45–49 2,113 2,069 5.00 4,182
50–54 1,852 1,827 4.40 3,679
55–59 1,519 1,504 3.61 3,023
60–64 1,124 1,130 2.69 2,254
65–69 781 797 1.89 1,578
70–74 510 525 1.24 1,035
75–79 291 303 0.71 594
80+ 239 242 0.57 481
Total 42,773 40,888 100 83,661
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013):

Age group Male Female Total %
0–4 4 910 594 4 538 740 9 449 334 11,17
5–9 4 657 900 4 313 848 8 971 748 10,60
10–14 4 079 894 3 812 951 7 892 845 9,33
15–19 4 079 894 3 853 840 7 933 634 9,37
20–24 4 353 289 4 140 279 8 493 568 10,04
25–29 4 195 561 4 037 843 8 233 404 9,73
30–34 3 438 467 3 342 721 6 781 188 8,01
35–39 2 660 343 2 596 487 5 256 830 6,21
40–44 2 323 857 2 269 370 4 593 227 5,43
45–49 2 134 584 2 095 590 4 230 173 5,00
50–54 1 871 704 1 850 252 3 721 956 4,40
55–59 1 535 218 1 523 136 3 058 354 3,61
60–64 1 135 641 1 144 907 2 280 548 2,69
65–69 788 639 807 569 1 596 208 1,89
70–74 515 244 531 564 1 046 809 1,24
75–79 294 425 306 672 601 097 0,71
80+ 241 849 246 108 487 957 0,58
Total 43 217 105 41 411 877 84 628 982 100
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 13 648 388 12 665 539 26 313 927 31,09
15–64 27 728 560 26 854 425 54 582 985 64,50
65+ 1 840 157 1 891 913 3 732 070 4,41
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014)

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014) in thousands:

Age group Male Female Total %
0–4 5 102 4 728 9 830 11,3
5–9 4 729 4 398 9 127 10,5
10–14 4 225 3 959 8 184 9,4
15–19 4 312 4 077 8 389 9,7
20–24 4 565 4 365 8 930 10,4
25–29 4 280 4 119 8 399 9,7
30–34 3 413 3 319 6 732 7,8
35–39 2 678 2 604 5 282 6,1
40–44 2 391 2 349 4 740 5,5
45–49 2 194 2 156 4 350 5,0
50–54 1 898 1 877 3 775 4,3
55–59 1 547 1 536 3 083 3,6
60–64 1 130 1 131 2 261 2,6
65–69 789 801 1 590 1,8
70–74 515 535 1 050 1,2
75+ 537 555 1 092 1,3
Total 44 305 42 509 86 814 100
Age group Sex ratio Male Female Total Percent
0–14 107.4 14 056 13 085 27 141 31,26
15–39 104.1 19 248 18 484 37 732 43,46
40–64 101.2 9 160 9 049 18 209 20,97
65+ 97.4 1 841 1 891 3 732 4,30
Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014)

Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014).[11]

Total population in thousands: 114 428 (Males 56 926, Females 57 501)

Age Group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0–4 14,1 12,6 13,4
5–9 12,1 11,1 11,6
10–14 10,7 9,9 10,3
15–19 9,1 9,0 9,1
20–24 7,8 8,6 8,2
25–29 8,2 9,4 8,8
30–34 7,0 7,7 7,3
35–39 5,9 6,2 6,0
40–44 4,8 5,1 4,9
45–49 4,7 4,7 4,7
50–54 4,2 4,5 4,4
55–59 3,4 3,7 3,5
60–64 3,4 3,3 3,4
65–69 2,0 1,9 1,9
70–74 1,4 1,3 1,3
75–79 0,6 0,5 0,5
80+ 0,5 0,6 0,6
Age group Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
0–14 36,9 33,6 35,3
15–64 58,6 62,1 60,4
65+ 4,5 4,3 4,3
Historical population growth in Egypt; data from Our World in Data
Historical population over time
YearPop.±% p.a.
14,000,000—    
1000 8,000,000+0.07%
1500 7,300,000−0.02%
1805 4,000,000−0.20%
1882 6,712,000+0.67%
1897 9,669,000+2.46%
1907 11,190,000+1.47%
1917 12,718,000+1.29%
1927 14,178,000+1.09%
1937 15,921,000+1.17%
1947 18,967,000+1.77%
1960 26,085,000+2.48%
1966 30,076,000+2.40%
1976 36,626,000+1.99%
1986 48,254,000+2.80%
1996 59,312,000+2.08%
2006 72,798,000+2.07%
2017 93,287,000+2.28%
Source: Population in Egypt[12]

Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2015):

Age group Male Female Total %
0–4 5 168 230 4 791 812 9 960 042 11,3
5–9 4 790 338 4 456 493 9 246 831 10,5
10–14 4 279 072 4 013 008 8 292 080 9,4
15–19 4 367 988 4 131 991 8 499 979 9,7
20–24 4 623 621 4 424 043 9 047 664 10,3
25–29 4 334 645 4 175 258 8 509 903 9,7
30–34 3 456 601 3 364 004 6 820 605 7,8
35–39 2 711 932 2 639 282 5 351 214 6,1
40–44 2 422 954 2 379 682 4 802 636 5,5
45–49 2 222 893 2 184 980 4 407 873 5,0
50–54 1 922 803 1 903 745 3 826 548 4,4
55–59 1 567 139 1 557 610 3 124 749 3,6
60–64 1 144 789 1 146 574 2 291 363 2,6
65–69 800 241 811 254 1 611 495 1,8
70–74 522 379 540 837 1 063 216 1,2
75+ 544 608 562 470 1 107 078 1,3
Total 44 880 233 43 083 043 87 963 276 100
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 14 237 640 13 261 313 27 498 953 31,26
15–64 28 775 365 27 907 169 56 682 534 64,44
65+ 1 867 228 1 914 561 3 781 789 4,30

Historical and present population distribution:

Age group 1 January 2015 1 July 2013 1 January 2013 1 July 2012 1 July 2010 2006 1996 1986 1976
0–14 31.26 (27,498,953) 31.09 (26,313,927) 31.1 (26,014,000) 31.1 (25,592,000) 31.7 (24,979,000) 31.7 37.8 40.1 40
15–64 64.44 (56,682,534) 64.50 (54,582,985) 64.49 (53,959,000) 64.48 (53,085,000) 64.6 (50,805,000) 64.6 58.7 56.6 56.4
65+ 4.30 (3,781,789) 4.41 (3,732,070) 4.41 (3,688,000) 4.42 (3,628,000) 3.7 (2,944,000) 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.6

Egyptians abroad

Egyptians have a long history of mobility, primarily across the Arab world, but emigration became much more popular once it was recognised as a right in the 1971 Constitution.[13] According to the International Organization for Migration, an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia, 332,600 in Libya, 226,850 in Jordan, 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly North America (318,000 in the United States, 110,000 in Canada) and Europe (90,000 in Italy).[14]

Urban and rural population

Figures from CAPMAS:[15]

Midyear

Population

 Urban population (in thousands) Urban population (per cent) Rural population (in thousands) Rural population (per cent)
1990 51 911 22 519 43.4 29 392 56.6
1991 52 985 22 908 43.2 30 077 56.8
1992 54 082 23 366 43.2 30 716 56.8
1993 55 201 23 804 43.1 31 397 56.9
1994 56 344 24 276 43.1 32 068 56.9
1995 57 642 24 709 42.9 32 933 57.1
1996 58 835 25 053 42.6 33 782 57.4
1997 60 053 25 578 42.6 34 475 57.4
1998 61 296 26 104 42.6 35 192 57.4
1999 62 565 26 559 42.5 36 006 57.5
2000 63 860 27 132 42.5 36 728 57.5
2001 65 182 28 118 43.1 37 064 56.9
2002 66 628 28 554 42.9 38 074 57.1
2003 67 965 29 130 42.9 38 835 57.1
2004 69 304 29 653 42.8 39 651 57.2
2005 70 653 30 187 42.7 40 466 57.3
2006 72 009 30 585 42.5 41 424 57.5
2007 73 644 31 720 43.1 41 924 56.9
2008 75 194 32 249 42.9 42 945 57.1
2009 76 925 33 083 43.0 43 842 57.0
2010 78 685 33 804 43.0 44 881 57.0
2011 80 530 34 489 42.8 46 041 57.2
2012 82 550 35 373 42.9 47 177 57.1
2013 84 629 36 213 42.8 48 416 57.2
2014 86 814 37 095 42.7 49 719 57.3

Future population projections

The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) had released high/medium/low population projections for 2011–2031 based on Final Results of 2006 Population Census.[15] The 2020 high variant was 92.6 million, the medium – 91.0 million, the low – 90.0 million. The 2030 high variant is 104.4 million, the medium – 101.7 million, the low – 99.8 million. However the information could be misleading as the 2013 population figure of 84.6 million is higher than the projected high of 83 million. In fact, due to an unexpected rise in the fertility rate (from 3.0 to 3.5), the population already surpassed 91 million on 5 June 2016 while reaching 92 million on 30 November, average population age remaining stable despite a rising life expectancy.

Vital statistics

Vital statistics:[16][17][18]

Midyear population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1934 15,449,000 651,663429,851221,812 42.227.814.4
1935 15,624,000 645,760412,197233,563 41.326.414.9
1936 15,801,000 698,186455,832242,354 44.228.815.3
1937 16,009,000 694,086434,208259,878 43.427.116.2
1938 16,300,000 704,376429,248275,128 43.226.316.9
1939 16,598,000 696,746429,033267,713 42.025.816.1
1940 16,900,000 697,700444,448253,252 41.326.315.0
1941 17,208,000 695,016440,981254,035 40.425.614.8
1942 17,522,000 658,324494,358163,966 37.628.29.4
1943 17,842,000 689,771492,644197,127 38.727.611.0
1944 18,167,000 722,166472,234249,932 39.826.013.8
1945 18,498,000 787,502512,003275,499 42.627.714.9
1946 18,835,000 776,000484,000292,000 41.225.715.5
1947 19,197,000 834,557408,577425,980 43.521.322.2
1948 19,529,000 832,728397,976434,752 42.620.422.3
1949 19,989,000 831,310410,524420,786 41.620.521.1
1950 21,514,000 904,941388,944515,997 44.219.025.2
1951 22,020,000 934,584402,158532,426 44.619.225.4
1952 22,562,000 969,443380,633588,810 45.217.827.5
1953 23,138,000 934,830429,097505,733 42.619.623.0
1954 23,747,000 957,158401,306555,852 42.617.924.7
1955 24,387,000 926,500405,663520,837 40.317.622.7
1956 25,057,000 958,880384,974573,906 40.716.424.4
1957 25,756,000 914,494429,512484,982 38.017.820.1
1958 26,480,000 1,013,743409,197604,546 41.116.624.5
1959 27,228,000 1,078,947411,188667,759 42.816.326.5
1960 27,998,000 1,113,888437,822676,066 43.016.926.1
1961 28,786,000 1,166,620420,158746,462 43.915.828.1
1962 29,591,000 1,125,798486,699639,099 41.317.923.4
1963 30,410,000 1,196,388431,673764,715 42.815.427.4
1964 31,242,000 1,205,785449,375756,410 42.115.726.4
1965 32,084,000 1,220,658411,636809,022 41.514.027.5
1966 32,937,000 1,234,976477,021757,955 41.015.825.1
1967 33,799,000 1,210,214440,161770,053 39.214.224.9
1968 34,660,000 1,206,585509,430697,155 38.116.122.0
1969 35,511,000 1,197,245468,017729,228 36.814.422.4
1970 36,342,000 1,161,539500,626660,913 34.915.019.8
1971 37,152,000 1,186,350445,192741,158 34.813.121.8
1972 37,945,000 1,187,286499,628687,658 34.114.319.7
1973 38,734,000 1,259,004459,816799,188 35.312.922.4
1974 39,534,000 1,287,614457,620829,994 35.412.622.8
1975 40,359,000 1,331,799456,041875,758 36.012.323.7
1976 41,213,000 1,378,917444,228934,689 36.411.724.7
1977 42,094,000 1,447,402457,558989,844 37.311.825.5
1978 43,006,000 1,479,698415,6051,064,093 37.210.526.8
1979 43,951,000 1,633,674444,7531,188,921 40.010.929.1
1980 44,932,000 1,569,247421,2271,148,020 37.310.027.35.3
1981 45,946,000 1,593,698432,2641,161,434 36.810.026.8
1982 46,991,000 1,601,265441,6211,159,644 34.19.424.7
1983 48,072,000 1,666,915412,7001,254,215 34.78.626.1
1984 49,190,000 1,797,206400,6001,396,606 36.58.128.44.9
1985 50,347,000 1,903,022442,2581,460,764 37.88.829.0
1986 51,545,000 1,907,975455,8881,452,087 37.08.828.2
1987 52,777,000 1,902,604466,1611,436,443 36.08.827.2
1988 54,011,000 1,912,765427,0181,485,747 35.47.927.54.4
1989 55,207,000 1,722,934414,2141,308,720 31.27.523.7
1990 51,911,000 1,687,000393,2501,293,750 32.57.624.9
1991 52,985,000 1,636,551391,5881,244,963 30.97.423.54.1
1992 54,082,000 1,496,866382,4651,114,401 27.77.120.6
1993 55,201,000 1,600,549380,0001,220,549 29.06.922.1
1994 56,344,000 1,610,652385,2961,225,356 28.66.821.7
1995 57,642,000 1,604,835384,5481,220,287 27.86.721.23.6
1996 58,835,000 1,662,065379,9831,282,082 28.26.521.8
1997 60,053,000 1,654,695389,3011,265,394 27.66.521.13.3
1998 61,296,000 1,687,252399,7721,287,480 27.56.521.03.4
1999 62,565,000 1,693,025401,4331,291,592 27.16.420.6
2000 63,860,000 1,751,854404,6991,347,155 27.46.321.13.5
2001 65,182,000 1,741,308404,5311,336,777 26.76.220.5
2002 66,628,000 1,766,589424,0341,342,555 26.56.420.2
2003 67,965,000 1,777,418440,1491,337,269 26.26.519.73.2
2004 69,304,000 1,779,500440,7901,338,710 25.76.419.3
2005 70,653,000 1,800,972450,6461,350,326 25.56.419.13.1
2006 72,009,000 1,853,746451,8631,401,883 25.76.319.5
2007 74,828,000 1,949,569450,5961,498,973 26.56.120.4
2008 76,651,000 2,050,704461,9341,588,770 27.45.921.53.0
2009 78,522,000 2,217,409476,5921,740,817 28.86.222.6
2010 80,443,000 2,261,409483,3851,778,024 28.76.122.6
2011 82,410,000 2,442,094493,0861,949,008 30.36.124.2
2012 84,418,000 2,629,769529,2472,100,522 31.96.425.5
2013 86,460,000 2,621,902511,0002,110,719 31.06.025.0
2014 88,530,000 2,720,495531,8642,188,631 31.36.125.23.5
2015 90,624,000 2,685,276573,1292,123,102 30.26.523.7
2016 92,737,000 2,600,173556,1482,044,025 28.66.122.5
2017 95,203,000 2,557,400547,2001,971,115 26.85.621.23.1
2018 97,147,000 2,382,362560,3081,822,054 24.55.818.72.9
2019 98,902,000 2,304,800570,6001,734,200 23.35.817.52.77
2020 100,604,000 2,235,300664,8001,570,500 22.26.615.62.72
2021 102,674,145 2,147,133732,0861,415,047 21.07.213.82.63

Current vital statistics

[19]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January–June 2021 976,400 379,500 +596,900
January–June 2022 1,048,200 322,400 +725,800
Difference +71,800 (+7.35%) -57,100 (-14.05%) +128,900

Fertility rate (Demographic Health Survey)

Fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and CBR (crude birth rate):[20]

Year CBR (total) TFR (total) CBR (urban) TFR (urban) CBR (rural) TFR (rural)
1992 29,7 3,93 (2,7) 23,3 2,92 (2,0) 35,0 4,91 (3,4)
1995 28,0 3,63 (2,6) 23,9 3,01 (2,2) 31,4 4,19 (2,9)
1997 3,3 2,7 3,7
1998 27 3,4 23 2,8 31 3,9
2000 27,8 3,53 (2,9) 24,8 3,09 (2,6) 30,1 3,88 (3,1)
2003 26,3 3,2 (2,5) 21,7 2,6 (2,1) 29,8 3,6 (2,9)
2005 27,1 3,1 (2,3) 23,6 2,7 (2,1) 29,6 3,4 (2,5)
2008 26,6 3,0 (2,4) 23,3 2,7 (2,2) 29,1 3,2 (2,5)
2014 29,1 3,5 (2,8) 23,3 2,9 (2,4) 32,7 3,8 (3,0)

Life expectancy at birth
Development of life expectancy

Average Life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[21]

Period Life expectancy in
Years		 Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 41.1 1985–1990 63.5
1955–1960 46.4 1990–1995 65.4
1960–1965 49.3 1995–2000 68.0
1965–1970 51.6 2000–2005 69.0
1970–1975 53.0 2005–2010 69.9
1975–1980 56.8 2010–2015 70.8
1980–1985 59.9

Demographics by Governorate
Main article: Governorates of Egypt

Urban and Rural Population of Governorates

Data taken from CAPMAS:[22]

Governorate  % Urban Population (2017) Rural Urban
Alexandria 98.7 5,163,750 68,293 5,095,457
Aswan 41.1 1,473,975 868,820 605,155
Asyut 25.9 4,383,289 3,248,225 1,135,064
Beheira 18.2 6,171,613 5,050,630 1,120,983
Beni Suef 20.1 3,154,100 2,438,134 715,966
Cairo 100.0 9,539,673 0 9,539,673
Dakahlia 28.3 6,492,381 4,656,592 1,835,789
Damietta 39.4 1,496,765 907,542 589,223
Faiyum 23.0 3,596,954 2,768,329 828,625
Gharbia 28.1 4,999,633 3,594,336 1,405,297
Giza 61.1 8,632,021 3,365,818 5,266,203
Ismailia 44.5 1,303,993 724,046 579,947
Kafr el-Sheikh 23.9 3,362,185 2,557,058 805,127
Luxor 40.4 1,250,209 744,669 505,540
Matruh 62.7 425,624 158,546 267,078
Minya 18.0 5,497,095 4,507,931 989,164
Monufia 20.7 4,301,601 3,410,855 890,746
New Valley 46.0 241,247 130,253 110,994
North Sinai 62.9 450,328 167,217 283,111
Port Said 100.0 749,371 0 749,371
Qalyubia 42.7 5,627,420 3,224,929 2,402,491
Qena 18.8 3,164,281 2,569,795 594,486
Red Sea 96.5 359,888 12,516 347,372
Sharqia 24.9 7,163,824 5,422,698 1,741,126
Sohag 21.2 4,967,409 3,913,109 1,054,300
South Sinai 53.5 102,018 48,079 53,939
Suez 100.0 728,180 0 728,180
Total 42.2 94,798,827 54,558,420 40,240,407

Population density by governorate
Egyptian Population Density in pre-2013 administrative divisions

As of 1 July 2014; data taken from CAPMAS:[22] Information for population is in thousands, pop density – persons/km2 and area is in km2.

Governorate Population in thousands Pop. density (inhabited area) Pop. density (total area) % inhabited to total Inhabited area Total area
Alexandria 4,761 2,841.5 2,070.0 72.8 1,675.50 2,300.00
Aswan 1,412 13,477.1 22.5 0.2 104.77 62,726.00
Asyut 4,181 2,656.3 161.3 6.1 1,574.00 25,926.00
Beheira 5,720 806.3 582.1 72.2 7,093.84 9,826.00
Beni Suef 2,812 2,053.4 256.7 12.5 1,369.41 10,954.00
Cairo 9,184 48,235.3 2,976.8 6.2 190.40 3,085.12
Dakahlia 5,881 1,662.1 1,662.1 100.0 3,538.23 3,538.23
Damietta 1,316 1,968.7 1,445.7 73.4 668.47 910.26
Faiyum 3,118 1,680.0 513.8 30.6 1,856.00 6,068.00
Gharbia 4,698 2,418.7 2,418.7 100.0 1,942.34 1,942.34
Giza 7,487 6,286.3 567.9 9.0 1,191.00 13,184.00
Ismailia 1,162 229.3 229.3 100.0 5,066.97 5,066.97
Kafr el-Sheikh 3,132 903.5 903.5 100.0 3,466.69 3,466.69
Luxor 1,132 4,992.7 469.8 9.4 226.73 2,409.68
Matruh 437 111.4 2.6 2.4 3,921.40 166,563.00
Minya 5,076 2,104.8 157.3 7.5 2,411.65 32,279.00
Monufia 3,890 1,596.9 1,556.6 97.5 2,435.93 2,499.00
New Valley 222 205.1 0.5 0.2 1,082.24 440,098.00
North Sinai 428 203.7 14.8 7.2 2,100.84 28,992.00
Port Said 660 499.7 490.7 98.2 1,320.68 1,344.96
Qalyubia 5,044 4,702.1 4,486.4 95.4 1,072.72 1,124.28
Qena 3,001 1,724.1 277.9 16.1 1,740.63 10,798.00
Red Sea 341 4,794.0 2.9 0.1 71.13 119,099.13
Sharqia 6,402 1,343.7 1,303.6 97.0 4,764.28 4,911.00
Sohag 4,536 2,845.8 411.5 14.5 1,593.92 11,022.00
South Sinai 166 9.9 5.3 53.7 16,791.00 31,272.00
Suez 615 68.3 68.3 100.0 9,002.21 9,002.21
Total 86,814 1109.1 85.9 7.8 78272.98 1010407.87

Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups of Egypt (2006)[23]
Ethnic groups percent
Egyptians
 
 99.7%
Other
 
 0.3%

The CIA World Factbook lists Egyptians as 99.7%, and "other" as 0.3% (2006 census).[23] "Other" refers to people who are not citizens of Egypt, who come to Egypt to work for international companies, diplomats, etc.

The vast majority of the population of Egypt consists of Egyptians including Copts, Egyptians make up 95% of the population.[23] The vast majority of Egyptians are native speakers of Egyptian Arabic.

Minorities in Egypt include the Copts who represent around 10% of the entire population[lower-alpha 1] and live all over the country, the Berber-speaking community of the Siwa Oasis (Siwis) and the Nubian people clustered along the Nile in the southernmost part of Egypt. There are also sizable minorities of Beja and Dom. There are also refugees mainly composed of Sudanese, and the over all refugees are estimated to be around 3–5 million,[28] those from war-zone areas like Iraq, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, and Eritrea.[28]

The country was also host to many different communities during the colonial period, including Greeks, Italians, and also from war-torn areas; the Lebanese, Syro-Lebanese, and other minority groups like Jews, Armenians, Turks and Albanians, though most either left or were compelled to leave after political developments in the 1950s. The country still hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mostly Palestinians and Sudanese.

Other sources give more detailed statistics, including the Beja[29](ca. 1 million), the Nubians (ca. 300,000 in 1996), Dom (ca. 230,000 in 1996), Berbers (Siwis) (ca. 5,000).

Languages

Arabic is the official language of Egypt, with the vast majority of Egyptians speaking Egyptian Arabic. In The Upper Nile valley, Sa'idi Arabic is prevalent. The Coptic language is used in the Coptic church for the majority of prayers, hymns, masses, and meditations. English is widely understood. Siwa language is used in ethnic Berber tribal areas in the western desert (Siwa), and Nubian language is widely used among the ethnic Nubians in the southern areas.

Religions

Religion in Egypt (est. 2017)[30]

  Islam (90%)
  Christianity (10%)

According to the CIA World Factbook, approximately 90% of the population is Muslim and 10% is Christian (9% Coptic Orthodox Church, 1% other Christian).[lower-alpha 1]

[31][32][23]

Education

The literacy rate in modern Egyptian society is highly debated. Education is free through university and compulsory from ages six through 15, though enforcement may be lax. Rates for primary and secondary education have strengthened in recent years. The vast majority of children enter primary school though a significant number drop out. There are approx. 200,000 primary and secondary schools with some 10 million students, 13 major universities with more than 500,000 students, and 67 teacher colleges. Major universities include Cairo University (100,000 students), Ain Shams University, Alexandria University, the 1,000-year-old Al-Azhar University, one of the world's major centers of Islamic learning and the AUC (American University in Cairo), . The former first lady has created many project towards the advancement of Egyptian education and the efforts to force education to the remaining 7–9% of students who drop out illegally. Child labor is a contributing factor to these dropouts but it is considered a serious crime to work children under the legal age and charges are taken very seriously at this time.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[33]

  • One birth every 12 seconds
  • One death every 52 seconds
  • One net migrant every 13 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 17 seconds

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[34]

Population
107,770,524 (2022 est.)

Religions

Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10%

Age structure
Population pyramid in 2020
0–14 years: 33.62% (male 18,112,550/female 16,889,155)
15–24 years: 18.01% (male 9,684,437/female 9,071,163)
25–54 years: 37.85% (male 20,032,310/female 19,376,847)
55–64 years: 6.08% (male 3,160,438/female 3,172,544)
65 years and over: 4.44% (2020 est.) (male 2,213,539/female 2,411,457)

Median age
total: 24.1 years. Country comparison to the world: 166th
male: 23.8 years
female: 24.5 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate
1.68% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 56th

Birth rate
21.46 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 63rd

Death rate
4.32 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 208th

Total fertility rate
2.88 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 52nd

Net migration rate
-0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 120th

Mother's mean age at first birth
22.6 years (2014 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25–49

Life expectancy at birth
total population: 74.45 years. Country comparison to the world: 136th
male: 73.26 years
female: 75.72 years (2022 est.)
total population: 72.7 years
male: 71.4 years
female: 74.2 years (2016 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate
58.5% (2014)

Urbanization
urban population: 43% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)

Nationality
noun: Egyptian(s)
adjective: Egyptian

Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 71.2%
male: 76.5%
female: 65.5% (2017)
total population: 73.85%
male: 82.1% (2015 est.)[35]
female: 65.6% (2015 est.)[35]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2018)

Major infectious diseases
degree of risk: intermediate (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

Genetics

Y-Chromosome

Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups in Egypt.[36]

Haplogroup n A B E1a E1b1a E1b1b1 E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E1b1b1a1b E1b1b1a2 E1b1b1a3 E1b1b1a4 E1b1b1b E1b1b1c F G I J1 J2 K L O P,R Q R1a R1b1a R1b1b R2 T
MarkerM33M2M35M78V12V32V13V22V65M81M34M89M201V88M269M70
Egypt3701.35–0.542.433.240.817.031.620.819.192.4311.896.761.085.680.5420.816.750.270.810.270.540.272.162.972.970.546.22

See also
  • Health in Egypt
  • List of cities in Egypt
  • Population history of Egypt

Notes
  1. In 2017, the Wall Street Journal reported that "the vast majority of Egypt's estimated 9.5 million Christians, approximately 10% of the country's population, are Orthodox Copts."[24] In 2019, the Associated Press cited an estimate of 10 million Copts in Egypt.[25] In 2015, the Wall Street Journal reported: "The Egyptian government estimates about 5 million Copts, but the Coptic Orthodox Church says 15–18 million. Reliable numbers are hard to find but estimates suggest they make up somewhere between 6% and 18% of the population."[26] In 2004, BBC News reported that Copts were 5–10% of the Egyptian population.[27] The CIA World Factbook reported a 2015 estimate that 10% of the Egyptian population is Christian (including both Copts and non-Copts).[23]

References
  1. "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء". www.capmas.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  2. "Population - the World Factbook".
  3. "Egypt Facts". National Geographic.
  4. "population clock". Egypt Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics.
  5. Korotayev A., Zinkina J. Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis. Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar 13 (2011): 139–169.
  6. "The long-term economic challenges Egypt must overcome". Marketplace. 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
  7. "Egypt's Population Increases 1 Million in Six Months to Reach 92 Million". 24 November 2016.
  8. "Official Population Clock". Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  9. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Archived 21 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Population 1971–2008 (pdf Archived 6 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 p. 57)
  10. "Publication Name:Population". Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  11. "Demographic and Health Survey 2014" (PDF). DHS. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  12. "Population in Censuses by Sex & Sex Ratio (1882–2006)" (PDF). Egypt State Information Service.
  13. Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2019). The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt: Strategies for Regime Survival in Autocracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108475549. OCLC 1080638597.
  14. "IOM Migration and Development in Egypt Facts and Figures" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
  15. "Statistical Yearbook – Population". 20 May 2015.
  16. "Demographic Yearbook 2019". United Nations.
  17. "Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics".
  18. "Unknown". Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  19. "Informatics bulletin".
  20. "The DHS Program – Survey Search".
  21. "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  22. "Egypt in Figures 2017". CAPMAS. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  23. "Egypt". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 14 December 2021.
  24. Francis X. Rocca & Dahlia Kholaif, Pope Francis Calls on Egypt’s Catholics to Embrace Forgiveness, Wall Street Journal (April 29, 2017).
  25. Noha Elhennawy, Egyptian woman fights unequal Islamic inheritance laws, Associated Press (November 15, 2019).
  26. "Five Things to Know About Egypt's Coptic Christians". Wall Street Journal. 16 February 2015.
  27. "Egyptian Coptic protesters freed". BBC News. 22 December 2004.
  28. "Who are the 5 million refugees and immigrants in Egypt?". brookings.edu. 4 October 2016.
  29. "2.2 million and extend into Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea", refworld.com
  30. International Religious Freedom Report for 2014 US Department of State
  31. "International Religious Freedom Report 2006 – Egypt". 15 September 2006.
  32. "International Religious Freedom Report 2007 – Egypt". 14 September 2007.
  33. "Egypt Population 2012", World Population Review
  34. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "World Factbook AFRICA : BENIN", The World Factbook, 12 July 2018
  35. "Archived copy" (PDF). www.uis.unesco.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775
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