Universiade

The Universiade is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad".

Universiade
The flag of the International University Sports Federation.
Statusactive
Genresporting event
Frequencybiennial
Location(s)various
Inaugurated1959 (1959) (summer)
1960 (1960) (winter)
Organised byFISU

The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade will be officially branded as the FISU World University Games.[1]

The most recent games were held in 2019: the Winter Universiade was held in Krasnoyarsk, Russia while the Summer Universiade was held in Naples, Italy. The next Winter World University Games are scheduled to be held in Lake Placid, USA between 11–21 January 2023, after the 2021 edition scheduled to be held in Lucerne, Switzerland was cancelled due the COVID-19 pandemic.[2][3][4] The 2021 Summer World University Games were scheduled to be held in Chengdu, China, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been postponed three times and will now be held in 2023,[5] after the 2023 Summer World University Games, set to be held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, were cancelled after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[6]

Precursors

The idea of a global international sports competition between student-athletes pre-dates the 1949 formation of the International University Sports Federation (FISU), which now hosts the Universiade, and even the very first World University Games held in 1923. English peace campaigner Hodgson Pratt was an early advocate of such an event, proposing (and passing) a motion at the 1891 Universal Peace Congress in Rome to create a series of international student conferences in rotating host capital cities, with activities including art and sport. This did not come to pass, but a similar event was created in Germany in 1909 in the form of the Academic Olympia. Five editions were held from 1909 to 1913, all of which were hosted in Germany following the cancellation of an Italy-based event.[7]

Opening ceremony of the 2017 Summer Universiade

At the start of the 20th century, Jean Petitjean of France began attempting to organise a "University Olympic Games". After discussion with Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, Petitjean was convinced not to use the word "Olympic" in the tournament's name.[7] Petitjean, and later the Confederation Internationale des Etudiants (CIE), was the first to build a series of international events, beginning with the 1923 International Universities Championships. This was followed by the renamed 1924 Summer Student World Championships a year later and two further editions were held in 1927 and 1928. Another name change resulted in the 1930 International University Games. The CIE's International University Games was held four more times in the 1930s before having its final edition in 1947.[8][9]

A student football match held at the 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students
During the 1989 Summer Universiade
During the 2011 Summer Universiade

A separate group organised an alternative university games in 1939 in Vienna, in post-Anschluss Germany.[8] The onset of World War II ceased all major international student sport activities and the aftermath also led to division among the movement, as the CIE was disbanded and rival organisations emerged. The Union Internationale des Étudiants (UIE) incorporated a university sports games into the World Festival of Youth and Students from 1947 to 1962, including one separate, unofficial games in 1954. This event principally catered for Eastern European countries.[10]

After the closure of the CIE and the creation of the first UIE-organised games, FISU came into being in 1949 and held its own first major student sport event the same year in the form of the 1949 Summer International University Sports Week. The Sports Week was held biennially until 1955. Like the CIE's games before it, the FISU events were initially Western-led sports competitions.[8]

Division between the largely Western European FISU and Eastern European UIE eventually began to dissipate among broadened participation at the 1957 World University Games. This event was not directly organised by either group, instead being organised by Jean Petitjean in France (which remained neutral to the split), but all respective nations from the groups took part. The FISU-organised Universiade became the direct successor to this competition, maintaining the biennial format into the inaugural 1959 Universiade. It was not until the 1957 World University Games that the Soviet Union began to compete in FISU events. That same year, what had previously been a European competition became a truly global one, with the inclusion of Brazil, Japan and the United States among the competing nations. The increased participation ultimately led to the establishment of the Universiade as the primary global student sport championship.[7][8]

Precursor events

Not recognized by FISU as Universide:

Precursor events
Number Year Event Organiser Host city Host country
11923International Universities ChampionshipsCIEParis France
21924Summer Student World ChampionshipsCIEWarsaw Poland
31927Summer Student World ChampionshipsCIERome Italy
41928Summer Student World ChampionshipsCIEParis France
51930International University GamesCIEDarmstadt Germany
61933International University GamesCIETurin Italy
71935International University GamesCIEBudapest Hungary
81937International University GamesCIEParis France
91939International University GamesCIEMonte Carlo Monaco
101939International University GamesCIEVienna Germany
111947International University GamesCIEParis France
121947World Festival of Youth and StudentsUIEPrague Czechoslovakia
131949World Festival of Youth and StudentsUIEBudapest Hungary
141949Summer International University Sports WeekFISUMerano Italy
151951World Festival of Youth and StudentsUIEEast Berlin East Germany
161951Summer International University Sports WeekFISULuxembourg Luxembourg
171953World Festival of Youth and StudentsUIEBucharest Romania
181953Summer International University Sports WeekFISUDortmund West Germany
191955World Festival of Youth and StudentsUIEWarsaw Poland
201955Summer International University Sports WeekFISUSan Sebastián Spain
211957World Festival of Youth and StudentsUIEMoscow Soviet Union
221957World University GamesCIEParis France
231959World Festival of Youth and StudentsUIEVienna Austria
241962World Festival of Youth and StudentsUIEHelsinki Finland

Summer World University Games

Location map
Locations of host cities excluding those in Europe.
Locations of host cities in Europe.

Editions
Overview of Universiade events
Games Year Host country Host city Opened by Dates Nations Competitors Sports Events Top nation
1 1959  Italy Turin Giovanni Gronchi 26 August – 7 September 45985760  Italy
2 1961  Bulgaria Sofia Dimitar Ganev 25 August – 3 September 321270968  Soviet Union
3 1963  Brazil Porto Alegre Paulo de Tarso Santos 30 August – 8 September 27917970  Soviet Union
4 1965  Hungary Budapest István Dobi 20–30 August 321729974  Hungary
5 1967  Japan Tokyo Hirohito 27 August – 4 September 309371083  United States
6 1970  Italy Turin[lower-alpha 1] Giuseppe Saragat 26 August – 6 September 402080982  Soviet Union
7 1973  Soviet Union Moscow Leonid Brezhnev 15–25 August 72276510111  Soviet Union
8 1975  Italy Rome[lower-alpha 2] Giovanni Leone 18–21 August 38450138  Soviet Union
9 1977  Bulgaria Sofia Todor Zhivkov 17–28 August 78293910101  Soviet Union
10 1979  Mexico Mexico City José López Portillo 2–13 September 8529741097  Soviet Union
11 1981  Romania Bucharest Nicolae Ceauşescu 19–30 July 86291210133  Soviet Union
12 1983  Canada Edmonton Charles, Prince of Wales 1–12 July 73240010118  Soviet Union
13 1985  Japan Kobe Akihito 24 August – 4 September 106394911123  Soviet Union
14 1987  Yugoslavia Zagreb Lazar Mojsov 8–19 July 122642312139  United States
15 1989  West Germany Duisburg[lower-alpha 3] Helmut Kohl 22–30 August 791785466  Soviet Union
16 1991  Great Britain Sheffield Anne, Princess Royal 14–25 July 101334611119  United States
17 1993  United States Buffalo Bill Clinton 8–18 July 118358212135  United States
18 1995  Japan Fukuoka Naruhito 23 August – 3 September 118394912144  United States
19 1997  Italy Sicily Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 20–31 August 122358210129  United States
20 1999  Spain Palma de Mallorca Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo 3–13 July 114407612142  United States
21 2001  China Beijing Jiang Zemin 22 August – 1 September 165675712170  China
22 2003  South Korea Daegu Roh Moo-hyun 21–31 August 174718013189  China
23 2005  Turkey Izmir Ahmet Necdet Sezer 11–22 August 133781615195  Russia
24 2007  Thailand Bangkok Vajiralongkorn 8–18 August 1501200015236  China
25 2009  Serbia Belgrade Mirko Cvetković 1–12 July 145537915203  Russia
26 2011  China Shenzhen Hu Jintao 12–23 August 165799924306  China
27 2013  Russia Kazan Vladimir Putin 6–17 July 1621044227351  Russia
28 2015  South Korea Gwangju Park Geun-hye 3–14 July 1421288521274  South Korea
29 2017  Chinese Taipei[lower-alpha 4] Taipei Tsai Ing-wen 19–30 August 1451139722272  Japan
30 2019  Italy Naples[lower-alpha 5] Sergio Mattarella 3–14 July 112597118220  Japan
31 2023  China Chengdu 28 July – 8 August[lower-alpha 6] 18268
32 2025  Germany Rhine-Ruhr region 16–27 July 18225
33 2027 bid submissions accepted until 31 January 2022[11] 18
34 2029 bid submissions accepted until 31 January 2022[11] 18
  1. Originally scheduled for Lisbon, Portugal in 1969.
  2. Originally scheduled for Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
  3. Originally scheduled for São Paulo City, Brazil.
  4. The Republic of China (Taiwan) is recognised as Chinese Taipei by the FISU and the majority of international organisations it participates in due to political considerations and Cross-Strait relations with the People's Republic of China.
  5. Originally scheduled for Brasília, Brazil.
  6. Originally scheduled to be held on 16–27 August 2021 and 26 June – 7 July 2022, but was postponed twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With the eventual cancellation of the 2023 Games in Yekaterinburg due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, this edition will replace the 2023 event.

Top 20
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States5224394011362
2 China4443072551006
3 Russia4373674181222
4 Soviet Union407330250987
5 Japan3533374341124
6 South Korea245201237683
7 Italy195208260663
8 Ukraine178182178538
9 Romania145131144420
10 Hungary11696112324
11 Poland107118139364
12 France90127191408
13 Chinese Taipei89100120309
14 Cuba726973214
15 Great Britain69106120295
16 Germany6181117259
17 West Germany5680100236
18 Australia555276183
19 Canada51102127280
20 Belarus465568169
Totals (20 entries)37383488382011046

Winter World University Games

Location map
Locations of host cities excluding Europe.
1962
1964, 1978
1975
1987, 2015
1981, 1995
1999
2003
2005
2015
Locations of host cities in Europe.

Editions
Winter World University Games editions
Games Year Host country Host city Opened by Dates Nations Competitors Sports Events Top nation
1 1960  France Chamonix Charles de Gaulle 28 February – 6 March 16151513  France
2 1962   Switzerland Villars Paul Chaudet 6–12 March 22273612  West Germany
3 1964  Czechoslovakia Špindlerův Mlýn Antonín Novotný 11–17 February 21285515  West Germany
4 1966  Italy Sestriere Giuseppe Saragat 5–13 February 29434619  Soviet Union
5 1968  Austria Innsbruck Franz Jonas 21–28 January 26424723  Soviet Union
6 1970  Finland Rovaniemi Urho Kekkonen 3–9 April 25421724  Soviet Union
7 1972  United States Lake Placid Richard Nixon 26 February – 5 March 23351725  Soviet Union
8 1975  Italy Livigno Giovanni Leone 6–13 April 15143213  Soviet Union
9 1978  Czechoslovakia Špindlerův Mlýn Gustáv Husák 5–12 February 21260716  Soviet Union
10 1981  Spain Jaca Juan Carlos I 25 February – 4 March 28394719  Soviet Union
11 1983  Bulgaria Sofia Todor Zhivkov 17–27 February 28535721  Soviet Union
12 1985  Italy Belluno Sandro Pertini 16–24 February 34538730  Soviet Union
13 1987  Czechoslovakia Štrbské Pleso Gustáv Husák 21–28 February 21596625  Czechoslovakia
14 1989  Bulgaria Sofia Todor Zhivkov 2–12 March 21681840  Soviet Union
15 1991  Japan Sapporo Naruhito 2–10 March 34668840  Japan
16 1993  Poland Zakopane Lech Wałęsa 6–14 February 41668836  Japan
17 1995  Spain Jaca Juan Carlos I 18–28 February 41765935  South Korea
18 1997  South Korea Muju-Jeonju Kim Young-sam 24 January – 2 February 48877951  Japan
19 1999  Slovakia Poprad-Vysoké Tatry Rudolf Schuster 22–30 January 40926852  Russia
20 2001  Poland Zakopane Aleksander Kwaśniewski 7–17 February 411,007952  Russia
21 2003  Italy Tarvisio Renzo Tondo 16–26 January 461,2661059  Russia
22 2005  Austria Innsbruck-Seefeld Heinz Fischer 12–22 January 501,4491168  Austria
23 2007  Italy Turin George Killian 17–27 January 481,6381172  South Korea
24 2009  China Harbin Liu Yandong 18–28 February 441,5451281  China
25 2011  Turkey Erzurum Abdullah Gül 27 January – 6 February 521,5931166  Russia
26 2013  Italy Trentino Ugo Rossi 11–21 December [lower-alpha 1] 501,6981279  Russia
27 2015  Slovakia Štrbské Pleso–Osrblie [lower-alpha 2] Andrej Kiska 24 January – 1 February 431,5461168  Russia
 Spain Granada Felipe VI 4–14 February
28 2017  Kazakhstan Almaty Nursultan Nazarbayev 29 January – 8 February 571,6041285  Russia
29 2019  Russia Krasnoyarsk Vladimir Putin 2–12 March 583,0001176  Russia
30 2021   Switzerland Lucerne Cancelled, due to the COVID-19 pandemic
31 2023  United States Lake Placid[12] 12–22 January 1288
32 2025  Italy Turin 13–23 January
33 2027 bid submissions accepted until 31 January 2022[11]
34 2029 bid submissions accepted until 31 January 2022[11]
  1. Originally scheduled for Maribor, Slovenia.
  2. Due to environmental problems in Granada, the Nordic skiing events were transferred to Slovakia.

Top 20
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Russia208189174571
2 Soviet Union1119670277
3 South Korea1057771253
4 Japan9510597297
5 China786576219
6 Czechoslovakia524925126
7 Italy515759167
8 France515055156
9 Poland495864171
10 Austria494753149
11 Switzerland393239110
12 United States334856137
13 Ukraine334240115
14 Germany29232880
15 Kazakhstan28253285
16 Czech Republic25274193
17 Slovenia22252471
18 Belarus20242064
19 Slovakia20202767
20 Canada19303079
Totals (20 entries)1117108910813287

See also
  • International University Sports Federation
  • FISU World University Championships
  • FISU America Games
  • ASEAN University Games
  • International Children's Games

References
  1. Pavitt, Michael (28 July 2020). "FISU finalises naming system for events". insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  2. "Lucerne 2021 Winter Universiade postponed, will not take place in January 2021". FISU. 31 August 2020.
  3. Morgan, Liam (6 November 2020). "Lucerne 2021 Winter Universiade rescheduled for December". insidethegames.biz. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  4. "Omicron forces student winter games to cancel". SwissInfo. 29 November 2021.
  5. "Chengdu 2021 FISU World University Games postponed to 2022". www.fisu.net. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  6. "FISU suspends Yekaterinburg hosting rights for 2023 World University Games".
  7. Bell, Daniel (2003). Encyclopedia of International Games. McFarland and Company, Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN 0-7864-1026-4.
  8. World Student Games (pre-Universiade). GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2010-12-10.
  9. FISU History. FISU. Retrieved on 2014-12-09.
  10. World Student Games (UIE). GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-12-09.
  11. "FISU World University Games bidding process will again be open to all cities, worldwide". FISU. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  12. "Lake Placid set to host 2023 Winter Universiade after MoU signed with FISU". Inside the Games. 6 March 2018.
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