Ural Federal District

Ural Federal District (Russian: Ура́льский федера́льный о́круг, Uralsky federalny okrug) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its population was 12,080,523 (79.9% urban) according to the 2010 Census.[2]

Stone Gate on Iset River, Sverdlovsk oblast

Ural Federal District
Уральский федеральный округ
Federal district of Russia
Location of the Ural Federal District within Russia
Country Russia
Established18 May 2000
Administrative centreYekaterinburg
Government
 • Presidential EnvoyVladimir Yakushev
Area
[1]
 • Total1,818,500 km2 (702,100 sq mi)
 • Rank3rd
Population
 (2010)
 • Total12,080,526[2]
 • Rank6th
 • Density6.75/km2 (17.5/sq mi)
 • Urban
79.9%[2]
 • Rural
20.1%[2]
Federal subjects6 contained
Economic regions2 contained
HDI (2019)0.842[3]
very high · 2nd
Websitewww.uralfo.ru

The district was established on 13 May 2000 by a decree of the President of Russia.[4] It is located at the border of the European and Asian parts of Russia.[5] The administrative centre of the district is the city of Yekaterinburg.

The district contributes 18% to Russia's Gross Regional Product (GRP), although its population is only 8.5% of the Russian total.[6]

General information and statistics
Ethnic map of the Ural Federal District by urban and rural settlements, 2010 census

Ethnic composition, according to the 2010 census:

The district covers an area of 1,818,500 square kilometers (702,100 sq mi),[1] about 10% of Russia. According to the 2010 Census, the district had a population of 12,080,526,[2] of whom 82.74% were Russians (10,237,992 people), 5.14% Tatars (636,454), 2.87% Ukrainians (355,087) and 2.15% Bashkirs (265,586). The remainder comprises various ethnicities of the former Soviet Union. 79.9% of the district's population lived in urban areas.[2]

In 2006, the district provided 90% of Russian natural gas production, 68% of oil and 42% of metal products. Industrial production per capita in the district is about 2.5 times higher than the average value throughout Russia. The district provides about 42% of Russian tax incomes, mostly from industry. Its major branches are fuel mining and production (53%), metallurgy (24%) and metal processing and engineering (8.8%). The latter two are especially developed in Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk Oblast which, between them, constitute 83% of Russian metallurgy and 73% of metal processing and engineering. Whereas fuel and mineral mining has been providing a nearly constant outcome between 1990 and 2006, metal processing and engineering are declining, despite the fact that they employ up to 30% of industry workers of the district. Local ore processing plants can provide only 20% of required copper, 28% chromium, 35% iron and 17% coal, and many of these resources are nearly exhausted. Meanwhile, the average distance to import them to the Ural is 2,500 km.[7]

The district is governed by the Presidential Envoy, and individual envoys are assigned by the President of Russia to all the Oblasts of the district. Pyotr Latyshev was envoy to the Urals Federal District until his death on 2 December 2008. Nikolay Vinnichenko succeeded him on this post on 8 December 2008.[8] On 6 September 2011 Vinnichenko was appointed the envoy to the Northwestern Federal District, and Yevgeny Kuyvashev became the Presidential Envoy in the Urals Federal District.[9] On 18 May 2012 Vladimir Putin offered the tenure to Igor Kholmanskikh, an engineer without any previous political experience, and Kholmanskikh accepted the offer.[10] On 26 June 2018, Kholmanskikh was replaced by Nikolay Tsukanov.[11]

Federal subjects

The district comprises the Central (part) and West Siberian economic regions and six federal subjects:

# Flag Coat of Arms Federal subject Administrative
center		 Area in km2 Population Map of Administrative Division
1 Kurgan Oblast Kurgan 71,000 910,807
2 Sverdlovsk Oblast Yekaterinburg 194,226 4,297,747
3 Tyumen Oblast Tyumen 143,520 3,395,755
4 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra) Khanty-Mansiysk 534,800 1,532,243
5 Chelyabinsk Oblast Chelyabinsk 87,900 3,476,217
6 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Salekhard 750,300 522,904
Yekaterinburg

Source for names of federal subjects:[12] (note - source refers to 'regions' rather than Okrugs or Oblasts)

Religion
Religion in the Ural Federal District as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[13][14]
Russian Orthodoxy
 
 32.7%
Other Orthodox
 
 3.4%
Other Christians
 
 6.9%
Islam
 
 6.0%
Rodnovery and other native faiths
 
 1.1%
Spiritual but not religious
 
 31.2%
Atheism and irreligion
 
 12.8%
Other and undeclared
 
 5.9%

According to a 2012 survey[13] 32.7% of the population of the Ural Federal District adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6.9% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 3.4% is an Eastern Orthodox believer without belonging to any church or adheres to other (non-Russian) Eastern Orthodox churches, 6.0% is an adherent of Islam, and 1.1% adhere to some native faith such as Rodnovery. In addition, 31.2% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 12.8% is atheist, and 5.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[13]

Presidential plenipotentiary envoys to the Ural Federal District
  1. Pyotr Latyshev (18 May 2000 – 2 December 2008)[15]
  2. Vladimir Krupkin (2 December 2008 - 8 December 2008; acting)
  3. Nikolay Vinnichenko (8 December 2008 – 6 September 2011)[16][17]
  4. Yevgeny Kuyvashev (6 September 2011 – 14 May 2012)[18][19]
  5. Igor Kholmanskikh (18 May 2012 – 26 June 2018)[20][21]
  6. Nikolay Tsukanov (26 June 2018 – 9 November 2020)[22]
  7. Vladimir Yakushev (9 November 2020 – present)

References
  1. "1.1. ОСНОВНЫЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ в 2014 г." [MAIN SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS 2014]. Regions of Russia. Socioeconomic indicators - 2015 (in Russian). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  2. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  3. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  4. "Указ Президента РФ от 13 мая 2000 г. N 849 "О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе" (Decree #849 by the President of Russia of May 13, 2000)" (in Russian).
  5. "Ural Federal District". www.smsr-senclub.ru. Archived from the original on May 15, 2012.
  6. "5 Ural Federal District: The Backbone of the Nation's Economy". Russia's Regions: Goals, Challenges, Achievements (PDF). National Human Development Report. UNDP. July 2006. p. 68. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  7. Екатеринбург, 02 Декабря 2006 (in Russian). Official site of the Ural Federal District. Archived from the original on August 12, 2007.
  8. "Vinnichenko for Urals Federal District" (in Russian). interfax.ru.
  9. О назначении полпредов Президента в ряде федеральных округов (in Russian). Администрация Президента РФ. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
  10. "Предложение президента для Игоря Холманских стало неожиданностью". Vesti.ru. Russian. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
  11. "Игорь Холманских уволен с поста полпреда президента в Уральском федеральном округе" (in Russian). Meduza. June 26, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  12. "Ural region". Corporation of Development. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  13. "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  14. 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), August 27, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2017. Archived.
  15. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 18.05.2000 г. № 893" (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. May 18, 2000. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  16. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 08.12.2008 г. № 1749" (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. December 8, 2008. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  17. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 06.09.2011 г. № 1162" (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. September 6, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  18. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 06.09.2011 г. № 1164" (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. September 6, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  19. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 14.05.2012 г. № 619" (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. May 14, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  20. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 18.05.2012 г. № 626" (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. May 18, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  21. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 26.06.2018 г. № 366" (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. June 26, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  22. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 26.06.2018 г. № 371" (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. June 26, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2019.

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