Anexo:Tecnologías emergentes
Esta es una lista de las tecnologías emergentes en la actualidad, que contiene algunos de los más destacados desarrollos, avances e innovaciones en diversos campos de las modernas tecnologías. Las tecnologías emergentes son aquellas innovaciones técnicas que representan avances dentro de un determinado campo o área.[1]
Agricultura
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Tecnologías potencialmente desechadas | Aplicación potencial | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Robot agrícola[2] | Investigación y desarrollo, proyectos de prueba | |||
Sistema ecológico cerrados[3][4][5] | Investigación y desarrollo, trabajando en demostraciones (ej. Biosfera 2) | Agronomía | Agricultura, investigación científica, Colonización del espacio | Invernadero, Proyecto Eden, Bioshelter, Invernadero de agua marina, Sistema de invernadero de cosecha perpetua |
Carne cultivada | Investigación y desarrollo[6][7][8] | Ganadería, Pesca[8] | Protectora de Animales, recursos eficientes, carne más saludable y más barata.[8] | New Harvest |
Agricultura de precisión | Investigación y desarrollo, difusión | |||
Granja vertical | Investigación, desarrollo, experimentos, y difusiones[9][10][11] | Agricultura intensiva | Cultivos y producción de carne. |
Ingeniería del clima
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Tecnología potencialmente desechadas | Aplicación potencial | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eliminación del dióxido de carbono atmosférico | Investigación y desarrollo | Fuentes de fósiles | Mitigación del cambio climático, cerrando el ciclo del carbono, insumo para la producción de combustible de carbón neutral | Virgin Earth Challenge |
Construcción
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Tecnología potencialmente desechadas | Aplicación potencial | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Impresión 3D y Bioimpresión 3D | Producción comercial[12][13] | Producción de prototipos manuales, algunos métodos de producción en masa que carecen de capacidad de personalización | La rápida creación de prototipos y la producción de los objetos más baratos, con potencial para personalizar significativamente los productos para los consumidores individuales, ejemplo, edificios,[14] carros,[15] electrónicos,[16] muebles,[17] adornos o ropas[18] | Proyecto RepRap, Contour Crafting**, D-Shape |
Claitrónica | Hipotético, experimento | Impresión 3D, métodos y herramientas de fabricación tradicionales | ||
Ensamblador molecular | Hipotético, experimento | Impresión 3D, métodos y herramientas de fabricación tradicionales | Replicator (Star Trek), constructor universal Von Neumann | |
Niebla útil | Hipotético, experimento |
Arquitectura
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Tecnología potencialmente desechadas | Aplicación potencial | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arcología | Investigación, desarrollo, comercialización | |||
Ciudad abovedada | En progreso en Dubái[19] | Tiempo controlado por la ciudad, la colonización de otros órganos |
Ciencia de los materiales
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Tecnologías potencialmente desechadas | Aplicación potencial | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aerogel | Hipotéticos, experimentos, difusión, primeros usos.[20] | Aislamiento tradicional, Vidrio | Aislamiento mejorado, aislante de vidrio, conectores para oleoductos, aeroespacial, alta temperatura y aplicaciones de frío extremo. | |
Metal amorfo | Experimentos | Kevlar | Blindaje | |
Bioplástico | Algunos productos desarrollados | Plásticos de combustibles fósiles | ||
Polímero conductor | Investigación, experimentos, prototipos | Conductores | Alambres ligeros y más baratos, materiales antiestáticos, célula fotovoltaica orgánica. | |
Femtotecnología, Picotecnología | Hipotético | Presente nuclear | Nuevos materiales; armas nucleares, energía | |
Fullereno | Experimentos, difusión | Nanotubos de carbono y diamantes sintéticos (por ejemplo buckypaper) | Materia programable | |
Grafeno | Hipotéticos, experimentos, difusión, primeros usos[21][22] | Circuito integrado a base de silicio | Components with higher strength to weight ratios, transistors that operate at higher frequency, lower cost of display screens in mobile devices, storing hydrogen for fuel cell powered cars, sensors to diagnose diseases[23] | |
Superconductividad de alta temperatura | Cryogenic receiver front-end (CRFE) RF and microwave filter systems for mobile phone base stations; prototypes in dry ice; Hypothetical and experiments for higher temperatures[24] | Copper wire, semiconductor integral circuits | No loss conductors, frictionless bearings, magnetic levitation, lossless high-capacity accumulators, electric cars, heat-free integral circuits and processors | |
Fluidos magnetoreológicos o Ferrofluido | Desarrollado e investigado | Shock absorber | Magnetorheological damper heavy motor damping, operator seat/cab damping in construction vehicles, seismic dampers positioned in building absorbing detrimental shock waves and oscillations within the structure making them earthquake-proof, enhance body armour fluid bullet resistant, Humvees, and various other all-terrain vehicles employ dynamic MR shock absorbers/dampers. Magnetorheological finishing was used in the construction of the Hubble Space Telescope's corrective lens, shock absorbers of a vehicle's suspension are filled with magnetorheological fluid. | Electrorheological fluid |
Superfluidez | Superfluid gyroscopes already exist but work at very low temperatures | Mechanical gyroscope, flywheel | High-precision measure of gravity, navigation and maneuver devices, possible devices to emit gravitomagnetic field, frictionless mechanical devices | |
LiTraCon | Experimentos, already used to make Europe Gate | Glass | Construction of skyscrapers, towers, and sculptures like Europe Gate | |
Metamateriales | Hypothetical, experimentos, difusión[25] | Classical optics | Microscopes, cameras, metamaterial cloaking, cloaking devices | |
Espuma metálica | Investigación, commercialización | Hulls | Space colonies, ciudades flotantes | |
Multi-function structures[26] | Hypothetical, experimentos, algunos prototipos, few commercial | Composite materials mostly | Wide range, e.g., self health monitoring, self healing material, morphing | |
Nanomateriales: Nanotubo | Hypothetical, experimentos, difusión, early uses[27][28] | Structural steel and aluminium | Stronger, lighter materials, space elevator | Potential applications of carbon nanotubes, carbon fiber |
Materia programable | Hipotético, experimentos[29][30] | Coatings, catalysts | Wide range, e.g., claytronics, synthetic biology | |
Punto cuántico | Investigación, experimentos, prototipos[31] | LCD, LED | Quantum dot laser, quantum dot display, future use as programmable matter in display technologies (TV, projection), optical data communications (high-speed data transmission), medicine (laser scalpel) | |
Siliceno | Hipotético, investigación | Transistores y baterías | El siliceno permitirá fabricar circuitería electrónica cien veces más pequeña, en los transistores la reducción vertical del tamaño en una capa única 2D formada por átomos permitirá reducir las dimensiones lateralmente, lo que implicaría que la misma área del chip podría incorporar 25 veces más componentes electrónicos. [32]
Su uso en las baterías de ion-litio posee una gran resistencia, al igual que el grafeno, y eso hace que obtenga un buen rendimiento en los ánodos de las baterías. Esta característica permite paliar los cambios de volumen que se producen durante la carga.[33] |
|
Superaleación | Investigación, difusión | Aluminio, titanio, materiales compuestos | Aircraft jet engines | |
Diamante sintético | Investigación | Transistores de silicio | Electrónica | |
hypereutectic alloy | Investigación, comercialización | Casting | Metales | Hypereutectic piston |
super-plastic alloy | Investigación, comercialización | Casting | Metales | Superplasticity |
Polímero conductor | Investigación, comercialización | Circuitos orgánicos | Conducción eléctrica | Polímero conductor |
Pantallas
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Tecnologías potencialmente desechadas | Aplicación potencial | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pantalla 3D | Investigación, comercialización[34][35] | other display technologies, CRT, LCD | Television, computer interfaces, cinemas | Autostereoscopic display, stereoscopic display, volumetric display, Holographic display, Light Field display, Nintendo 3DS, HTC Evo 3D |
Ferro Liquid Display o FLCD | Algunos productos comerciales | |||
Field emission display o FED | Investigación | |||
Holografía (Holographic display, Computer-generated holography) | Difusión[36][37][38] | Display technologies | ||
Pantalla moduladora interferométrica | Desarrollo, comercialización[39] | Other display technologies, CRT, LCD, plasma, e-paper | Non-emissive displays with fast response times and potentially the most realistic colours of all display technologies | Interferometric modulator display, comparison of display technology |
Pantalla láser | first commercial Laser TV in 2008, Mitsubishi LaserVue TV | LCD and plasma displays | Displays with very wide colour gamut | Laser TV, Comparison of display technology |
Pantallas OLED | Difusión, comercialización[40][41][42] | LCD and plasma displays | Displays, lighting | OLED TV, Comparison of display technology |
Organic light-emitting transistor | Desarrollo | |||
Phased-array optics | Hypothetical[43][44] | Conventional display devices (e.g., television) | Mass production of 3-dimensional imagery | |
Screenless display (Virtual retinal display, Bionic contact lens), EyeTap | Hypothetical, experiments[45] | Traditional displays | Augmented reality, virtual reality, EyeTap could allow the user to reference the blue prints like in a construction yard, in a 3D manner, Delivers the user constant up to date information on the stock market, the user's corporation, and meeting statuses, visual disabilities | Head-mounted display, Head-up display, adaptive optics |
Telescopic pixel display | En desarrollo | |||
Time-multiplexed optical shutter | Comercializado | |||
Volumetric display | Working prototypes | 3-dimensional imagery | Swept-volume display |
Aplicaciones para el hogar
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Potentially marginalized technologies | Aplicaciones potenciales | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bead washing machine | Comercialización[46] | Lavadoras tradicionales | Lavar con menos consumo de agua, electricidad y detergentes | |
Magnetic refrigeration | Already used for achieving cryogenic temperatures in the laboratory setting (below 10K) | Conventional refrigerators | Refrigeration without the need for compression and with more energy efficient which may be in refrigerators, air conditioners and spacecraft | |
Qarnot | Comercialización[47] | Conventional heaters, supercomputers, datacenters | Computing and heating | |
V-tex | Comercialización[48] | Conventional refrigerators | Cooling drinks |
Electrónica
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Potentially marginalized technologies | Aplicaciones potenciales | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Biometrics | Difusión | Keys and ID documents | ||
Digital scent technology | Difusión | Smell-O-Vision, iSmell | ||
Electronic nose | Investigación, comercialización[49][50] | X-ray and MRI scans for detecting cancer | Detecting spoiled food, chemical weapons and cancer | |
E-textiles | Investigación, difusión[51] | |||
Flexible electronics | Investigación, desarrollo, algunos prototipos[52][53] | Flexible and folding electronic devices (such as smartphones), Flexible solar cells which are lightweight, can be rolled up for launch, and are easily deployable | Nokia Morph, Flexible organic light-emitting diode | |
Memristor | Working prototype[54][55] | Some current integrated circuits, many other electronics devices | Smaller, faster, lower power consuming storage, analogue electronics, programmable logic,[56] signal processing,[57] neural networks,[58] control systems,[59] reconfigurable computing,[60] brain-computer interfaces[61] and RFID,[62] pattern recognition[63] | |
Molecular electronics | Investigación y desarrollo | |||
Nanoelectromechanical systems | Investigación y desarrollo | |||
Spintronics | Working prototypes[64] | Mechanical magnetic hard disk drives | Data storage, computing devices | MRAM |
Thermal copper pillar bump | Working prototypes in discrete devices | Conventional thermal systems, heat sinks, bulk thermoelectrics | Electric circuit cooling; micro-fluidic actuators; small-device thermoelectric power generation | Ultra high definition holographic disc, Metal–insulator transition |
Energía
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Potentially marginalized technologies | Aplicaciones potenciales | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Airborne wind turbine | Research[65][66][67] | Fossil fuels | Producing electricity | KiteGen |
Fotosíntesis artificial | Investigación, experimentos[68] growing interest in a macroscience global project[69] | Fossil fuel or 'archived' photosynthesis | Improve natural photosynthesis, so roads buildings and vehicles convert sunlight and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates | Sustainocene, Renewable energy, Nanotechnology |
Biofuels | Diffusion[70] | Fossil fuels | Energy storage, more so for transport | Issues relating to biofuels |
Concentrated solar power | Growing markets in California, Spain, Northern Africa[71] | Fossil fuels, photovoltaics | Producing electricity | DESERTEC, BrightSource Energy, Solar Millennium |
Electric double-layer capacitor | Diffusion, continued development[72] | Chemical batteries | Regenerative braking; energy storage: generally faster charging, longer lasting, more flexible, greener | |
Energy harvesting | Experimentos | Batteries | Constant energy source for mobile, wearable and ubiquitous devices | |
Flywheel energy storage | Some commercial examples | |||
Fusion power | Hipotético, experimentos | Fossil fuels, energía renovable, nuclear fission power | Producing electricity, heat, fusion torch recycling with waste heat | ITER, NIF, Polywell, Dense plasma focus, Muon-catalyzed fusion |
Generation IV reactor | Research, experimentos | Traditional nuclear power reactors, fossil fuels | Producing electricity, heat, transmutation of nuclear waste stockpiles from traditional reactors | |
Grid energy storage | Increasing use | |||
Home fuel cell | Research, commercialisation[73][74][75] | Electrical grid | Off-the-grid, producing electricity | Autonomous building, Bloom Energy Server |
Hydrogen economy | Diffusion of hydrogen fuel cells; Hypothetical, experiments for lower cost hydrogen production[76] | Other energy storage methods: chemical batteries, fossil fuels | Energy storage | |
Lithium-air battery | Research, experiments[77] | Other energy storage methods: hydrogen, chemical batteries, some uses of fossil fuels | Laptops, mobile phones, long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid | |
Lithium-ion batteries | ||||
Lithium iron phosphate battery | Comercialización | |||
Lithium–sulfur battery | Investigación y desarrollo | |||
Molten salt battery | Aplicaciones and continuing research | |||
Molten salt reactor | Investigación, experimentos | Traditional nuclear power reactors, fossil fuels | Producir electricidad, alor | |
Nanowire battery | Experiments, prototypes[78][79] | Other energy storage methods: hydrogen, chemical batteries, some uses of fossil fuels | Laptops, mobile phones, long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid | |
Nantenna | Research[80][81][82] | Fossil fuels | Producing electricity | |
Ocean thermal energy conversion | Prototype | |||
Silicon–air battery | Experiments | |||
Smart grid | Research, diffusion[83][84][85] | Smart meter, SuperSmart Grid | ||
Solar roadway | Research[86][87][88] | Fossil fuels | Producing electricity | |
Space-based solar power | Hypothetical | |||
Thorium fuel cycle | Research started in the 1960s, still ongoing | Uranium based nuclear power, fossil fuels | Producing electricity, heat | |
Vortex engine | Chimney, Cooling tower, Solar updraft tower | Power generation. | ||
Wireless energy transfer | Prototypes, diffusion, short range consumer products[89] | Power cords, plugs, batteries | Wirelessly powered equipment: laptop, cell phones, electric cars, etc. | WiTricity, resonant inductive coupling |
Zero-energy building | Expansion | Electrical grid and power plants | All homes | Passive house |
Entretenimiento
Emerging technology | Status | Potentially marginalized technologies | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|---|
Computer-generated imagery | Developing | Photomodels, all film-related jobs (including public service announcements, music videos, viral videos, commercials and pornography), except for directors, screenwriters and graphic designers[90] | Films, photos | |
Immersive virtual reality | Hypothetical, limited commercialization | Consensus reality | An artificial environment where the user feels just as immersed as they usually feel in consensus reality. | Virtusphere, 3rd Space Vest, haptic suit, immersive technology, simulated reality, holodeck (fictional) |
TIs y comunicaciones
Tecnología emergente | Estado | Potentially marginalized technologies | Aplicaciones potenciales | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|---|
Comunicaciones celulares 5G | Investigación y desarrollo | 4G LTE | ||
Ambient intelligence | Hypothetical | |||
Cerebro artificial | Investigación[91] | Treatment of neurological disease, artificial intelligence | Blue Brain Project, Human Brain Project | |
Inteligencia artificial fuerte | Hypothetical, experimentos; limited uses in specialized domains[92][93][94] | Human decision, analysis, etc. | Creating intelligent devices and robots; AI can counsel (or even take charge) in scientific projects, government, army, corporate governance, film and books creation, inventions etc. | Progress in artificial intelligence, technological singularity, applications of artificial intelligence |
Atomtrónica | Hipotético | |||
Augmented Reality | Diffusion | |||
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor | Research and development | Silicon-based transistors | Extending moore's law | |
Counterparty (technology) | Diffusion | Bookmaker, stock exchange, central banking | Decentralized financial instruments,[95] betting, free market | Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, Digital currency |
Cryptocurrency | Diffusion | Central banking | Money supply, World reserve currency | Bitcoin, Digital currency |
Cybermethodology | ||||
Exascale computing | Projects | |||
Internet cuántica | ||||
Internet de las cosas | Difusión | |||
Tecnologías en memorias emergentes T-RAM, Z-RAM, TTRAM, CBRAM, SONOS, RRAM, Racetrack memory, NRAM, Phase-change memory, FJG, Millipede memory | In development | Current memory technologies | ||
Fourth-generation optical discs (3D optical data storage, Holographic data storage) | Research, prototyping[96] | Some mass storage methods/devices, magnetic tape data storage, optical data storage | Storing and archiving data previously erased for economic reasons | Blu-ray Disc, Optical storage |
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units | Diffusion of non standardized methods | CPU for a few specialized uses | Order of magnitude faster processing of parallelizable algorithms | |
Exocortex | Diffusion of primitive amplifications; working prototypes of more; Hypothetical, experimentos on more substantial amplification | Libraries, schools, training, pocket calculators | ||
Machine translation | Diffusion[97][98] | Human translation of natural languages, in areas where misunderstanding is non-critical and language is formalized | Easier and cheaper cross-cultural communication | |
Machine vision | Research, prototyping, commercialization[91] | Biotic vision and perception, including humans | Biometrics, controlling processes (e.g., in driverless car, automated guided vehicle), detecting events (e.g., in visual surveillance), interaction (e.g., in human-computer interaction), robot vision | Computer vision, pattern recognition, digital image processing |
Mobile collaboration and e-learning | Development, commercialization[99] | Transport of humans, traditional video-conferencing systems | Extends the capabilities of video conferencing for use on hand-held mobile devices in real-time over secure networks. For use in diverse industries such as manufacturing, energy, healthcare.[100] Telework | |
Optical computing | Hypothetical, experimentos; some components of integrated circuits have been developed[101] | Many electronics devices, integrated circuits | Smaller, faster, lower power consuming computing | |
Computación cuántica | Hypothetical, experimentos,[102] commercialization[103] | Atomtronics, Electronic computing, optical computing, quantum clock |
Much faster computing, for some kinds of problems, chemical modeling, new materials with programmed properties, Hypothetical of high-temperature superconductivity and superfluidity | |
Criptografía cuántica | Commercialization[104] | Secure communications | ||
Radio-frequency identification | Diffusion of high cost[105][106][107] | Barcode | Smartstores - RFID based self checkout (keeping track of all incoming and outgoing products), food packaging, smart shelves, smart carts. See: potential uses | |
Semantic Web or answer machine | Research, limited use | Web 2.0 | Making the web machine-readable by annotating data on the web based on its meaning | Corporate Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, Semantic Web Stack, Web 3.0 |
Software-defined radio | Development, commercialization | Traditional, frequency-specific radio circuits, dedicated signal processing hardware | Cognitive radio, Mesh networks, Software defined antenna | GNU Radio, Universal Software Radio Peripheral |
Speech recognition | Research, Development, Commercialization | Mechanical input devices | ||
Three-dimensional integrated circuit | Development, commercialization[108][109] | Conventional integrated circuit | ||
Virtual Reality | Diffusion | Entertainment, education | Oculus Rift | |
Wearable computer | Diffusion |
Medicina
Emerging technology | Status | Potentially marginalized technologies | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|---|
Artificial uterus | Hypothetical, research | Incubator, in vivo pregnancy, including host motherhood | space travel, extracorporeal pregnancy, Reprogenetics, same-sex procreation | |
Implantes de cuerpo, prótesis | Trials, from animal (e.g., brain implants) to human clinical (e.g., insulin pump implant), to commercial production (e.g. pacemaker, joint replacement, cochlear implant) | Various fields of medicine, warfare | Implante de cerebro, retinal implant | Prosthetics, prosthetics in fiction, cyborg |
Criónica | Hypothetical, research, commercialization (e.g. Cryonics Institute) | Cemeterios | Extensión de la vida | |
De-extinction | Research, development, trials | Animal husbandry, pets, zoos | ||
Ingeniería genética de organismos y virus | Research, development, commercialization[110][111] | Other medical procedures (including aesthetic medicine and contraception), traditional warfare (genetically modified soldiers, ethnic bioweapon),[112] traditional animal husbandry and plant and fungus breeding, tattoo artism and fitness clubs and cosmetics and nutrition (because of new genes humans will be able to change on demand their look), gardening (because of new genes there will be no need to nurture plants), species-saving efforts (because of new genes they can adapt to new environments), traditional fuel production[113][114] | Creating and modifying species (mainly improving their physical and mental capabilities), bio-machines, eliminating genetic disorders (gene therapy), new materials production,[115] healthier and cheaper food, creating drugs and vaccines, research in natural sciences, bioremediation,[116] detecting arsenic[117] | Genetically modified food, superhuman, human enhancement, transhumanism, gene doping, designer baby, genetic pollution |
Hibernation or suspended animation | Research, development, animal trials[118] | Surgical anaesthesia | Organ transplantation, space travel, prolonged surgery, emergency care | |
Life extension, Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence | Research, experiments, animal testing[119][120][121] | Existing treatments for age-related diseases[121] | Increased life spans[121] | Immortality, biological immortality |
Male contraception and 100%-effective birth control methods[122][123] | Research and Development | Other birth control methods, abortion | ||
Nanomedicines | Research, experiments, limited use[124][125] | |||
Nanosensors | Research and Development | |||
Oncolytic Virus | Human trials (Talimogene laherparepvec, reolysin, JX-594), commercialisation (H101) | Cancer therapy, imaging | Oncolytic virus | |
Genómica_personalizada, Secuenciación del genoma | Research, experiments[126] | Non-personalized medical procedures, including aesthetic medicine | Personalized medical procedures, genome sequencing during drug trials | Personal genomics |
Plantibody | clinical trials | |||
Medicina regenerativa | Some laboratory trials[127] | Prolongación de la vida | ||
Robotic surgery | Research, diffusion[128][129][130] | Surgeons untrained in robotic surgery | ||
Terapia con células madre | Research, experiments, phase I human trial spinal cord injury treatment (GERON), cultured cornea transplants[131][132] | Other therapies | Treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries | Stem cell, stem cell treatments, Skin cell gun, |
Biología sintética, synthetic genomics | Research, development, first synthetic bacteria created May 2010[133][134] | Chemical industry, petroleum industry, process manufacturing | Creating infinitely scalable production processes based on programmable species of bacteria and other life forms | BioBrick, iGEM, synthetic genomics |
Ingeniería de tejidos | Research, diffusion[135][136][137][138] | Organ printing, Tooth regeneration | ||
Tricorder | Research and Development | Medical examinations | Diagnosing medical conditions | Medical tricorder |
Virotherapy | Research, human trials | Gene therapy, cancer therapy | Virotherapy, Oncolytic Virus | |
Vitrification or cryoprotectant | Hypothetical, some experiments[139] | Ischemic damages | Organ transplantation, cryonics |
Neurociencia
Emerging technology | Status | Potentially marginalized technologies | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ampakine | Enhance attention span and alertness, and facilitate learning and memory | |||
Interfaz cerebro-computadora | Research and commercialization | Video games, television, movies and current communication devices and transport of humans. | Faster communication and learning and "more real" entertainment (generation of feelings and informations in brain on demand). Control emotions in the mentally ill[140] | Experience machine |
Brain-reading, Neuroinformatics | Research[141][142][143] | Mind uploading, enabling individuals with brain damage to communicate[144] | ||
Electroencephalography | Research, diffusion[145][146] | Keyboards and other interfaces | Controlling electronic devices via brain waves | |
Neuroprosthetics | Visual prosthesis, brain implant, exocortex, retinal implant |
Militar
Emerging technology | Status | Potentially marginalized technologies | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antimatter weapon | Hypothetical | Nuclear weapons | ||
Caseless ammunition | Field tests and some niche markets | Cartridges | Lightweight Small Arms Technologies | |
Cloak of invisibility | Successful experiments cloaking small objects under some conditions[147][148] | Camouflage[148] | Cloaking microscope tips at optical frequencies[148] | Metamaterial cloaking |
Directed energy weapon | Research, development, some prototypes[149] | Firearms | Warfare | Laser Weapon System |
Electrolaser | Research and development | Taser | ||
Electromagnetic weapons | Research and development[150][151] | Firearms | Warfare | Coilgun, Railgun |
Electrothermal-chemical technology | Research and development | Conventional ammunition | Tank, artillery, and close-in weapon systems | |
Force field | Hypothetical, experiments[152] | Armor | Military and law enforcement, space travel | Plasma window |
Green bullet | Development | Current ammunition | Environment-friendly ammunition | |
Laser weapon | Research and development, trials | Missile defense, anti-drone defense | Tracking and destruction of rockets, bombs, drones etc.[153] | Advanced Tactical Laser, High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System |
Particle beam weapon | Research and development | Firearms | Warfare | Strategic Defense Initiative |
Plasma weapon | Research | |||
Pure fusion weapon | Hypothetical | |||
Sonic weapon | Research and development | |||
Stealth technology | Research and development | Camouflage | Electronic countermeasures | Plasma stealth, Stealth aircraft, Radar-absorbent material |
Vortex ring gun | Research and development | tear gas | Crowd control | |
Wireless long-range electric shock weapon | Expansion | Firearms | Law enforcement guns |
El espacio exterior
Tecnología emergente | Estatus | Potentially marginalized technologies | Aplicaciones potenciales | Artículos relacionados |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antigravedad | Hipotética y experimentos[154][155] | |||
Gravedad artificial | Investigación, desarrollo | Viaje espacial | ||
Asteroid mining | Hipotética, la NASA ha anunciado planes para capturar y redirigir un asteroide[156] | |||
Domed city | La NASA desarrolla una cúpula geodésica para una base lunar | Weather-controlled city, colonización de la Luna | ||
Galileo | In progress | Older satellite navigation systems | Localizing things with the accuracy of few centimeters: vehicles and ships and planes (even driverless ones), objects (like wallet or car keys) and people (e.g. it will navigate people, even blind ones, in buildings and cities). Also Gallileo will provide better charging systems on toll motorways and air traffic control[157] | |
Hipertelescopio | Hipotético | Astronomía | ||
Inflatable space habitat | Desarrollado, prototypes built and tested | Traditional "aluminium can" space habitat modules | Space habitats | Bigelow Aerospace |
Satélite miniaturizado | Investigación, desarrollo, algunos prototipos | Satélites convencionales | Inexpensive satellites, constellations for low data rate communications, using formations to gather data from multiple points, in-orbit inspection of larger satellites. |
Robótica
Emerging technology | Status | Potentially marginalized technologies | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|---|
Androide, ginoide | Research, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing[158] | Disabled, infant and older people care, housekeeping, sex-worker, flight-attendant, model, hostess, waiter, security guard | ||
Nanotecnología molecular, nanorobotics | Hypothetical, experiments[159] | Products and parts production, retail distribution | Machines (desktop, industrial) that can make anything given the materials, cheap planetary terraforming | |
Powered exoskeleton | Research, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing[160] | Electric wheelchairs, forklifts | Heavy lifting, paralysis, muscle related diseases, warfare, construction, firefighting, care for the elderly and disabled. | LOPES (exoskeleton), ReWalk, Human Universal Load Carrier, fictional armor Iron Man's armor, Future Force Warrior |
Self-reconfiguring modular robot | Hypothetical, experiments, early prototypes | Other ways to form physical structures and machines | As a universal physical machine, SRCMR may change the way we make many physical structures and machines | Robot, swarm robotics, autonomous research robot |
Swarm robotics | Hypothetical, experiments[161] | Distributed computing, complexity in behavior by simplicity in architecture | Autonomous construction, space construction | Swarm intelligence, autonomous robotics, nanorobotics, particle swarm optimization, multi-agent systems, behavior-based robotics |
Unmanned vehicle | Research and development, diffusion, commercial | Manned vehicles, human spying, shops, kitchens, restaurants (thanks to unmanned transport of goods) | Transport of goods (e.g. food), mass surveillance, eavesdropping, oceanography, commercial aerial livestock monitoring, wildfire mapping, pipeline security, home security, road patrol and anti-piracy, patrol the nation's borders, scout property, and hunt down fugitives, oil, gas and mineral exploration and production, geophysical surveys, geomagnetic surveys, scientific research in areas too dangerous for pilots like a hurricane tornado hunter, firefighting,[162] military operations and peacekeeping operations, search and rescue, explosives and bomb disposal, gatekeeper and checkpoint operations, urban street presence, police raids in urban settings. | Unmanned aerial vehicle, AeroVironment, AeroVironment Global Observer, AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird, Unmanned combat air vehicle, Unmanned ground vehicle, Unmanned space vehicle, Unmanned surface vehicle, Unmanned underwater vehicle, Autonomous underwater vehicle |
Transporte
Emerging technology | Status | Potentially marginalized technologies | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aeroscraft | Prototype | Heavy-lift, high altitude platform | ||
Neumático sin aire | Research, development, early prototypes[163][164][165] | Conventional tire[165] | Safer tires[165] | Tweel |
Métrica de Alcubierre | Attempting to create a warp field in lab tests[166] | Conventional space propulsion | Interstellar exploration and colonization | Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program |
Vehículo de combustible alternativo | Commercialization, diffusion | Internal combustion engine | Reducing air pollution, decreasing oil consumption | Vehículo eléctrico, Hydrogen vehicle, Compressed air vehicle |
Beam-powered propulsion | Hypothetical | Laser propulsion | ||
Vehículo autónomo | Research, development, prototypes[167][168][169] | Driver's licenses, rules of the road, traffic lights, traffic sign, highway patrols, vehicle insurances | Reducing traffic collision, increasing road capacity, reducing air pollution, reducing traffic congestion | Google driverless car, General Motors EN-V, CityCar, MIT Car |
Automóvil eléctrico | Commercialization | Internal combustion engine | ||
Flexible wings (X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing, Adaptive Compliant Wing), fluidic flight controls | Experiments, prototypes[170][171][172][173][174] | Other flight control systems: ailerons, elevators, elevons,
flaps, flaperons |
Controlling aircraft, ships | Aircraft flight control system, BAE Systems Demon, fluidics |
Automóvil volador | Early commercialization, prototypes[175][176] | Automobile, road | More effective transportation | Terrafugia Transition, Moller M400 Skycar, Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk, AeroMobil |
Fusion rocket | Research, development[177] | Chemical rockets | Fast Interplanetary Travel, with limited Interstellar applications | |
Hovertrain, Ground effect train | Research, development[178][179] | Conventional trains | Trains with higher speed | Aérotrain, Duke Hospital PRT, Hovercraft |
High Altitude Platforms | Experimentation | Most satellites, cell phone towers | Communications | |
Propulsor iónico | In use | |||
Mochila propulsora o backpack helicopter | Early commercialization, prototypes[180][181] | Automobile | More effective transportation | |
Tren de levitación magnética, Vactrain | Research, early commercialization[182][183][184] | Conventional trains, the wheel | Trains with higher speed | Transrapid, Shanghai Maglev Train, Linimo |
Levitación magnética | Research, development, Commercialization (Maglev Train) | Wheels, tires, conventional transportation systems | High temperature superconductivity, cryogenics, low temperature refrigerators, superconducting magnet design and construction, fiber reinforced plastics for vehicles and structural concretes, communication and high power solid-state controls, vehicle design (aerodynamics and noise mitigation), precision manufacturing, construction and fabrication of concrete structures,[185] maglev car, maglev based spacecraft launch | Vactrain, Levicar |
Catapulta electromagnética | Prototypes | |||
Float to Orbit | Hypothetical | Conventional space launch | Space launch | |
Transporte rápido personal | Early commercialization, diffusion[186][187] | Automobile | More effective transportation | Morgantown PRT, ULTra |
Physical Internet | Research[188] | Conventional logistics | ||
Vactrain | Research, development | High-speed rail | Faster way to get somewhere | ET3 Global Alliance, Hyperloop |
Propulsión nuclear de pulso | Hypothetical | Chemical rockets | Fast Interplanetary Travel, with some possible Interstellar Travel applications | |
Propellant depot | Research, development | Heavy lift rockets | enabling deep-space missions with more massive payloads, satellite life extension, ultimately lowering the cost per kg launched to space | |
Motor de detonación por pulsos | Testbed demos | |||
Sistema de lanzamiento reutilizable | Research, development | Expendable launch system | Surface-to-orbit transport | SpaceX reusable launch system development program |
Scramjet | Research, development[189][190][191] | Conventional jet engine | Hypersonic aircraft | NASA X-43 |
Vela solar | In 2010, IKAROS was the world's first spacecraft designed to use solar sailing propulsion to be successfully launched | Space travel | ||
Ascensor espacial | Research, development[192] | Non-rocket spacelaunch, Orbital ring, Sky hook, Space fountain | ||
Spaceplane | Research, development[193][194][195] | Conventional airliners | Hypersonic transport | A2, Skylon |
Avión supersónico | Commercialization existed, diffusion | Conventional airliners | Airliner with higher speed | Concorde, Túpolev Tu-144 |
Sistema de comunicación vehicular | Research and development, some diffusion | Automobile safety | vehicle safety obstacle inform others warnings on entering intersections, Traffic management Accommodating ambulances, fire trucks, and police cars to a specific situation such as hot pursuits and bad weather, Driver assistance systems, Automated highways. | Artificial Passenger, Dedicated short-range communications, Sistemas inteligentes de transporte |
Véase también
Portal:Technology and applied sciences. Contenido relacionado con Technology and applied sciences.
- General
- Disruptive innovation, Industrial Ecology, List of inventors, List of inventions, Sustainable development, Technology readiness level, Anthropogenics
- Ethics
- Casuistry, Computer ethics, Engineering ethics, Nanoethics, Bioethics, Neuroethics, Roboethics
Otras lecturas que se recomiendan
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- «Terrafugia Transition flying car to go into proudction after US approval». The Australian. 1 de julio de 2010. Consultado el 6 de diciembre de 2011.
- «Stuck in traffic? Turn your car into a plane in 30 secs». The Times of India. 2 de julio de 2010. Consultado el 6 de diciembre de 2011.
- http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/04/04/rocket-powered-by-nuclear-fusion-could-send-humans-to-mars/
- «Flying train unveiled by Japanese scientists». CNN. 13 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
- «Robot plane-train uses ground-effect principle to levitate». Wired. 12 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
- «Going up in the world? Beat the rush hour with first commercial jetpack for £50,000». Daily Mail. 26 de febrero de 2010. Consultado el 6 de diciembre de 2011.
- «Flying into the future: New Zealand company to make personal jet packs». The Telegraph. 24 de febrero de 2010. Consultado el 6 de diciembre de 2011.
- «China scientists claim 1,200 kph train». CNN. 1 de febrero de 2011. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
- «Laboratory working on train to run at 1,000 kph». Shanghai Daily. 3 de agosto de 2010. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
- «How vactrains work». The Seattle Times. 16 de agosto de 2010. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
- «The Potential for Maglev Applications». about.com.
- «Pod Cars Start to Gain Traction in Some Cities». The New York Times. 20 de septiembre de 2010. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
- «Are driverless pods the future?». BBC News. 18 de diciembre de 2007. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
- Physical Internet would increase profits, reduce carbon emissions, study finds. Phys.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.
- «China Developing Scramjet Propulsion». Aviation Week. 2 de septiembre de 2007. Consultado el 6 de diciembre de 2011.
- «X-51A Scramjet Fails On Second Attempt». Aviation Week. 15 de junio de 2011. Consultado el 6 de diciembre de 2011.
- «On hybrid, space travel will not cost the earth». The Times of India. 23 de marzo de 2010. Consultado el 6 de diciembre de 2011.
- «Robot passes test in space elevator contest». The Washington Post. 5 de noviembre de 2009. Consultado el 19 de noviembre de 2011.
- «Plans to develop space-plane are go». The Australian. 20 de octubre de 2008. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
- «UK Skylon spaceplane passes key review». BBC News. 24 de mayo de 2011. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
- «Air Force says it's extending mission of mysterious X-37B». Los Angeles Times. 29 de noviembre de 2011. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2011.
Enlaces externos
- Esta obra contiene una traducción derivada de «List of emerging technologies» de Wikipedia en inglés, publicada por sus editores bajo la Licencia de documentación libre de GNU y la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
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