Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregnum: Harosa
Infraregnum: Rhizaria
Clade: Retaria
Phylum: Radiozoa
Classis: Acantharea
Ordines: Acanthonida – Arthracanthida – Chaunacanthida – Holacanthida – Symphyacanthida

Familia (incertae sedis): Astrolophidae –

Genera (incertae sedis): Acantholonche – Astrocapsa – Belonaspis – Belonostaurus – Cannopcapsa – Cenocapsa – Ceriaspis – Cribrosphaera – Cruciforma – Diplocolpus – Diporaspis – Dodecaspis – Doracantha – Echinaspis – Globispinum – Hexacolpus – Hexonaspis – Hylaspis – Litholophus – Octopelta – Orophaspis – Pantopelta – Phatnaspis – Phractacantha – Phractaspis – Porocaspa – Quadrilonche – Rosetta – Sphaerocapsa – Stegaspis – Stellacantha – Tessarapelma – Tessaraspis – Thoracaspis – Trizona – Xiphoptera – Zonaspsis – Zygacantha – Zygolonche

Name

Acantharea Levine et al., 1980 [?]

Synonyms

  • Acantharia Haeckel, 1881, emend. Mikrjukov, 2000 [sic!]
  • Acantharina Campbell, 1954

Homonym:

References

  • Bernstein, R., Kling, S.A., Boltovskoy, D. (1999). Acantharia. In: South Atlantic Zooplankton (D. Boltovskoy, ed.), Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 75-147, .
  • Cavalier-Smith, T. (2003). Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa, Europ. J. Protistol. 39: 338–348.
  • Decelle, J. About the Acantharia, .
  • Korsun, S. (2012). Acantharia, Phaeodaria, Taxopodida. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint-Petersburg State University, .
  • Decelle J. et al. 2012. Molecular Phylogeny and Morphological Evolution of the Acantharia (Radiolaria) PDF
  • Protist classification at micro*scope (CC)
  • Acantharea in the World Register of Marine Species


Alternative classifications

Schewiakoff (1926)

Schewiakoff, W. (1926). Die Acantharien des Golfes von Neapel. Fauna Flora Golfes Neapel 37:1–755, .

Acantharia

Campbell (1954)

Campbell, A. S. Radiolaria. In: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part D Protista 3 (Chiefly Radiolarians And Tintinnines), 1954, .

Protista

  • Subphylum Sarcodina
    • Class Actinopoda Calkins, 1909
      • Subclass Radiolaria Müller, 1858
        • Order Porulosida Haeckel, 1887
          • Suborder Acantharina Haeckel, 1862
            • Division Astrolophi Campbell, nov
              • Superfamily Astrolophicae Haeckel, 1882
              • Superfamily Actinastricae Popofsky, 1904
              • Superfamily Astrolonchicae Haeckel, 1882
            • Division Acanthophracti Hertwig, 1879
              • Superfamily Dorataspidicae Haeckel, 1862
              • Superfamily Belonaspidicae Haeckel, 1887

Honigberg et al. (1964)

In Classis Actinopodea
Subclass Acantharia

  • Ordo Acanthometrida
  • Ordo Acanthophractida

John O. Corliss (1984)

From The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla

In Regnum Protista, Assemblage "Actinopods"
Phylum Acantharia Haeckel, 1876

Febvre in Margulis et al. (1990)

Febvre, J., 1990. 20c. Phylum Actinopoda, Class Acantharia. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 363-379. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .

Kingdom Protoctista

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Regnum Protozoa and its 18 phyla

In Phylum Radiozoa, Subphylum Spasmaria
Classis Acantharea Haeckel, 1881 stat. nov.

David J. Patterson (1999)

From The Diversity of Eukaryotes

In Eukaryotes
Clade Acantharea

Febvre-Chevalier, Febvre & Michaels, in Lee et al. (2000)

Febvre-Chevalier, C., Febvre, J. & Michaels, A. 2000. Acantharia Haeckel, 1881. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 783-803, . See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .

In “protozoa”, “amoeboid protists”

  • Class Acantharea (= Acantharia Haeckel)
    • Order Holacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926
    • Order Symphyacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926
      • Family Amphilithidae Haeckel, 1887
        • Genus Amphilithium Haeckel, 1881
        • Genus Amphibelone Haeckel, 1862
      • Family Astrolithidae Haeckel, 1887
        • Genus Heliolithium Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Genus Acantholithium Haeckel, 1887
        • Genus Astrolithium Haeckel, 1861
        • Genus Astrolonche Haeckel, 1881
      • Family Pseudolithidae Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Genus Pseudolithium Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Genus Dicranophora Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Genus Haliommatidium Müller, 1858
    • Order Chaunacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926
      • Family Stauraconidae Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Genus Heteracon Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Genus Amphiacon Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Genus Stauracon Schewiakoff, 1926
      • Family Conaconidae Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Genus Conacon Schewiakoff, 1926
      • Family Gigartaconidae Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Genus Gigartacon Schewiakoff, 1926
    • Order Arthracanthida Schewiakoff, 1926
      • Suborder Sphaenacantha Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Family Acanthometridae Haeckel, 1887
        • Family Dorataspidae Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Pleuraspis Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Stauraspis Haeckel, 1881
          • Genus Lychnaspis Haeckel, 1881
          • Genus Icosaspis Haeckel, 1881
          • Genus Dorataspis Haeckel, 1861
          • Genus Coscinaspis Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Craniaspis Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Siphonaspis
          • Genus Aconthaspis
          • Genus Hystrichaspis Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Dictyaspis Haeckel, 1887
        • Family Phractopeltidae Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Phractopelta Haeckel, 1887
        • Family Diploconidae Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Diploconus Haeckel, 1860
        • Family Lithopteridae Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Lithoptera Müller, 1858
        • Family Hexalaspidae Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Coleaspis Haeckel, 1881
          • Genus Hexalaspis
          • Genus Hexaconus Haeckel, 1885
      • Suborder Phyllacantha Schewiakoff, 1926
        • Family Phyllostauridae Schewiakoff, 1926
          • Genus Phyllostaurus Haeckel, 1862
          • Genus Amphistaurus Schewiakoff, 1926
          • Genus Acanthostaurus Haeckel, 1862
          • Genus Lonchostaurus Haeckel, 1862
          • Genus Zygostaurus Haeckel, 1887
        • Family Stauracanthidae Schewiakoff, 1926
          • Genus Phatnacantha Haeckel, 1882[1881]
          • Genus Stauracantha Haeckel, 1881
          • Genus Xiphacantha Haeckel, 1887
          • Genus Pristacantha Haeckel, 1887
        • Family Dictyacanthidae Schewiakoff, 1926

Adl et al. (2012)

Adl, S.M. et al. (2012). The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, .

Eukaryota Chatton, 1925

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