Primary references

• Gray, J.E. 1844. Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbænians, in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum: London. viii + 80 pp. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Kearney, M. 2003. Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from recent and fossil forms. Herpetological Monographs 17(1): 1–74. DOI: 10.1655/0733-1347(2003)017[0001:SOTALB]2.0.CO;2 Reference page. 

• Kearney, M. & Stuart, B.L. 2004. Repeated evolution of limblessness and digging heads in Worm Lizards revealed by DNA from old bones. Proceedings of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences 271(1549): 1677–1683. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2771 Reference page. 

• Macey, J.R., Papenfuss, T.J., Kuehl, J.V., Fourcade, H.M. & Boore, J.L. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships among amphisbaenian reptiles based on complete mitochondrial genomic sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33(1): 22–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.003 Reference page. 

• Gans, C. 2005. Checklist and bibliography of the Amphisbaenia of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 289: 1–130. hdl: 2246/457 Reference page. 

• Hembree, D.I. 2006 Amphisbaenian biogeography: evidence of vicariance and geodispersal patterns. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 235: 340–354.DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.006 Reference page. 

• Vidal, N., Azvolinsky, A., Cruaud, C. & Hedges, S.B. 2008. Origin of tropical American burrowing reptiles by transatlantic rafting. Biology Letters 4(1): 115–118. DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0531 Reference page. 

• Vidal, N. & Hedges, S.B. 2009. The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Comptes Rendus Biologies 332(2-3): 129–139. DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.010 Reference page.