Primary references

• Lindsey, A.W. 1921. The Hesperioidea of America North of Mexico. University of Iowa City, Studies in Natural History, IX(4): 114 pp, 31 figs, 2 pls. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Bell, E.L. & Comstock, W.P. 1948. A new genus and some new species and subspecies of American Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum Novitates 1379: 1–23. PDF. Reference page. 

• Hemming, A. F., 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 1967, Suppl. 9: 1-509.Reference page. 

• Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page. 

• Li, W., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Zhang, J., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns. PNAS 116(13): 6232–6237. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821304116. Text. SI Appendix. Reference page.