Synonyms

• Pyrrhopygini Mabille, 1877 sensu Warren et al., 2008: 14; Warren et al., 2009; Toussaint et al., 2018.

Primary references

• Hayward, K.J., 1948. Genera et Species Animalium Argentinorum. Vol. 1. Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyrrhopyginae et Pyrginae. Buenos Aires. G. Kraft Ltd. 389pp, 27pls. Reference page. 

• Mabille, P. 1877. Descriptions de Lépidoptères nouveaux du groupe des Hespérides. Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques 2(167): 114; 2(179): 161–162. Reference page. 

• Warren, A.D., Ogawa, J.R. & Brower, A.V.Z. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics 24(5): 642–676. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x PDF Reference page. 

Additional references

• Ackery, P.R., de Jong, R. & Vane-Wright, R.I. 1999. The Butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea. in Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology 4(35): 263–300 (ed. N.P. Kristensen). Berlin: de Gruyter. Reference page. 

• Bell, E.L. 1933. Studies in the Pyrrhopyginae, With Descriptions of New Species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 41: 265–295; 481–510; 42: 393–421. Reference page. 

• Evans, W.H. 1951–55. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Pt.1 (1951): x+92pp, pls.1–9; Pt.2 (1952): v.+178pp, pls.10–25; Pt.3 (1953): v+246pp, pls.26–53; Pt.4 (1955): v+499pp, pls. 54–88. Reference page. 

• Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page. 

• Li, W., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Zhang, J., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns. PNAS 116(13): 6232–6237. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821304116. Text. SI Appendix. Reference page. 

• Mielke, O. 1994. Revisão de Elbella Evans e gêneros afins (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrrhopyginae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 11: 395–586. PDF Reference page. 

• Mielke, O.H.H. 2001. Estudo cladístico e descrições de tribos em Pyrrhopyginae (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 18(3): 897–905. PDF. Reference page. 

• Mielke, O.H.H. 2002. Pyrrhopyginae: gêneros novos e revalidados (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 19(1): 217–228. PDF. Reference page. 

• Toussaint, E.F.A., Breinholt, J.W., Earl, C., Warren, A.D., Brower, A.V.Z., Yago, M., Dexter, K.M., Espeland, M., Pierce, N.E., Lohman, D.J. & Kawahara, A.Y. 2018. Anchored phylogenomics illuminates the skipper butterfly tree of life. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 101. DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1216-z Reference page. 

• Warren, A.D., Ogawa, J.R. & Brower, A.V.Z. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics 24(5): 642–676. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x PDF Reference page. 

• Warren, A.D., Ogawa, J.R. & Brower, A.V.Z. 2009. Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic entomology 34(3): 467–523. Reference page. 

• Zhang, J., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Brockmann, E. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomes reveal drastic and recurrent phenotypic divergence in firetip skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae: Pyrrhopyginae). Proc. R. Soc. B 286: 20190609. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0609. Appendix. Reference page. 

• Zhang, J., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Brockmann, E. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 861: 91–105. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.861.34686 Reference page. 

Links

• Butterfly Net International, Higher Classification of Hesperiidae

For more multimedia, look at Category:Pyrrhopyginae on Wikimedia Commons.