Basionym

• Lichen pinastri Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 382 (1771) ["1772"]   [Mycobank #373579]

Homotypic synonyms

• Squamaria pinastri (Scop.) Hoffm., Descr. Adumbr. Pl. Lich. 1(2): 33 (1789) [‘1790’]. [MycoBank #405775]

• Lobaria pinastri (Scop.) Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. Bot. Taschenb. 2: 140 (1796). [MycoBank #394889]

• Cetraria juniperina β.(=var.) pinastri (Scop.) Ach., Meth. Lich. 2: 298 (1803). [MycoBank #454454]

• Physcia pinastri (Scop.) DC., in Lam. & DC. Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 2: 400 (1805). [MycoBank #400774]

• Lichen juniperinus β.(=var.) pinastri (Scop.) Wahlenb., Fl. Lapp.: 432 (1812). [MycoBank #618116]

• Platysma pinastri (Scop.) Frege, Deutsch. Botanisch. Taschenb. 2: 164 (1812). [MycoBank #401605]

• Cetraria pinastri (Scop.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 1: 432 (1821). [MycoBank #382446]

• Parmelia pinastri (Scop.) Sommerf., Suppl. Fl. Lapp.: 113 (1826). [MycoBank #398059]

• Platysma juniperinum var. pinastri (Scop.) Nyl., Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 3: 172 (1855). [MycoBank #618577]

• Tuckermanopsis pinastri (Scop.) Hale in Egan, Bryologist 90(2): 164 (1987). [MycoBank #132256]

• Tuckermannopsis pinastri (Scop.) Hale (1987). [MycoBank #539352] (orthographical variant)

References

• Binder, M.D. and Ellis, C.J. (2008) Conservation of the rare British lichen Vulpicida pinastri: changing climate, habitat loss and strategies for mitigation. The Lichenologist 40 (1): 63–79.   (RLL List # 210 / Rec.# 29870 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (doi:10.1017/S0024282908007275)

• Brodo, I.M., Sharnoff, S.D. and Sharnoff, S. (2001) Vulpicida (pp. 729-733) In, Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, 795 pages. (Description of V. pinastri and distribution map for North America: p. 731; color photo: p. 731, plate 900)

• Flenniken, D. (1999) Vulpicida J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai (pp. 214-216) In The Macrolichens In West Virginia, 231 pages, 26 plates. (Published by D. Flenniken, 2273 Blachleyville Rd, Wooster, Ohio 44691) (Description of V. pinastri: p. 215; color photo: plate 24, J)

• Goward, T., McCune, B. & Meidinger, D.V. 1994. The lichens of British Columbia - Illustrated Keys - Part 1 - Foliose and Squamulose Species. Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests Research Program, 181 pp. (RLL List # 156 / Rec.# 6950 - Recent Literature on Lichens) Reference page. : Vulpicida (pp. 134-135) (Description of V. pinastri: p. 134)

• Hinds, J.W. and Hinds, P.L. (2007) Vulpicida Mattsson & M.J. Lai, 1993 (pp. 511-513) In, The Macrolichens of New England. - Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden No. 96. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, New York. 584 pp. (Description of V. pinastri: pp. 511-512; color photo: p. 512, fig. 333)

• Mattsson, J.-E. (1993) A monograph of the genus Vulpicida (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes). - Opera Botanica 119: 1–61.   (RLL List # 155 / Rec.# 12483 - Recent Literature on Lichens)

• McCune, B. and Geiser, L. (2009) Vulpicida (pp. 375-377) Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest. (Second Edition) Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, 464 pp. (Description of V. pinastri and color photo: p. 377)

• Root, H.T.; McCune, B. and Jovan, S. 2014: Lichen communities and species indicate climate thresholds in southeast and south-central Alaska, USA. The Bryologist 117 (3): 241–252. (DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745-117.3.241)   [Species: 1) Hypogymnia bitteri,   2) Hypogymnia duplicata,   3) Hypogymnia physodes,   4) Parmelia sulcata,   5) Parmeliopsis ambigua, 6)   Ramalina dilacerata,   7) Ramalina farinacea,   8) Ramalina roesleri,   9) Sphaerophorus globosus,   10) Tuckermannopsis sepincola,   11) Vulpicida pinastri,   12) Xanthoria candelaria]

• Ryan, B. D. (2002) Vulpicida (pp. 505-507) In: Nash III, T.H., Ryan, B.D, Gries, C. and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 1. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 532 pages. (Description of V. pinastri: pp. 506-507; distribution map for the Sonoran region: p. 507)

• St. Clair, L.L. (1999) Vulpicida J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai (p. 208-211) In, A color guidebook to common Rocky Mountain lichens. M.L. Bean Life Science Museum of Brigham Young University Publisher, 242 pp.   (RLL List # 180 / Rec.# 21417 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Description of V. pinastri and color photo: p. 210)

• Thomson, J.W. (2003) Vulpicida J. E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai (p. 245) In, Lichens of Wisconsin. Wisconsin State Herbarium, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 386 pages.   (RLL List # 190 / Rec.# 24161 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Description of V. pinastri: p. 245)

• van Herk, K. and Aptroot, A. (2004) Vulpicida J.-E. Mattsson & M.-J. Lai (pp. 392-393) In, Veldgids Korstmossen. Koninkliijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, 423 pages; in Dutch.   (RLL List # 196 / Rec.# 26085 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Description of V. pinastri: p. 392; color photo: p. 393)

• Wirth, V. (1995) Vulpicida Mattsson & Lai (pp. 970-971) - Teil 2) In, Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1 & 2. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart. 1006 pp.; in German.   (RLL List # 159 / Rec.# 20405 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Description of V. pinastri: pp. 970-971; color photo: p. 971)

Links

• USDA Plants Database

• North American Lichen Checklist, Version (#14) 8 Oct 2008

• Index Fungorum

• MycoBank

Links to photos

• Stephen Sharnoff's Lichen Photos - Vulpicida pinastri

• The Lichen Herbarium, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway (Photo Gallery) - Vulpicida pinastri

• Lichen gallery of Leif & Anita Stridvall - Vulpicida pinastri