íílééh
Navajo
Etymology
ʼá- (“thus”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -Ø- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -nééh (imperfective stem of root -YAA, “to make”).
Classifier and stem-initial merge as follows:
- ł + -nééh > -Ø-lééh
- ł + -yaa > -Ø-laa
The stem initial reappears under d-effect (1st person duoplural and passives):
- d + ł + -nééh > -l-nééh
- d + ł + -yaa > -l-yaa.
Verb
íílééh
Usage notes
Conjugation
Paradigm: Momentaneous (Ø/yi), with some irregularities.
IMPERFECTIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | áshłééh | íilnééh | ádeiilnééh |
2nd person | ánílééh | óhłééh | ádaahłééh |
3rd person | íílééh | ádeilééh | |
4th person | ájílééh | ádajilééh | |
Unspecified | — | Passive A | Passive B |
Spatial | — | álnééh | ábiʼdilnééh |
PERFECTIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | áshłaa, íishłaa | íilyaa | ádeiilyaa |
2nd person | íinilaa | óohłaa | ádaoohłaa |
3rd person | áyiilaa | ádayiilaa | |
4th person | ájiilaa | ádajiilaa | |
Unspecified | — | Passive A | Passive B |
Spatial | — | ályaa | ábiʼdiilyaa |
FUTURE | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | ádeeshłííł | ádiilnííł | ádadiilnííł |
2nd person | ádíílííł | ádoohłííł | ádadoohłííł |
3rd person | íidoolííł | ádeidoolííł | |
4th person | ázhdoolííł | ádazhdoolííł | |
Unspecified | — | Passive A | Passive B |
Spatial | — | ádoolnííł | ábidiʼdoolnííł |
ITERATIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | ánéishʼįįh | ánéiilʼįįh | áńdeiilʼįįh |
2nd person | ánéilʼįįh | ánáoołʼįįh | áńdaoołʼįįh |
3rd person | ánáyiilʼįįh | áńdayiilʼįįh | |
4th person | áńjiilʼįįh | áńdajiilʼįįh |
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