◌̌

Obtained by rotating the circumflex: (ˆ) 180°.

◌̌

1. háček
   1. (in the Czech alphabet, as well as in other Latin alphabets and systems of Cyrillic Romanisation derived from it) generally marking palatalisation
      1. (historically; i.e., in Old Czech) marking palatalisation when written atop a consonant; marking palatalisation of the preceding consonant when written atop ě
      2. (currently; i.e., in Modern Czech) marking partial palatalisation in the case of the postalveolar consonants, full palatalisation in the case of the palatal consonants, and — when written atop ě (arising from the historical confusion of the now-obsolete yat: Ѣ, which Ě transcribes, with the iotified A: Ꙗ) — variously, palatalisation of the preceding consonant, iotation, or idiosyncratically mě = /mɲɛ/
   2. (in the Romanisation of tonal languages, employed on account of the diacritic’s shape):
      1. indicating the dipping third tone in pinyin
      2. indicating a rising tone in the transliteration of Thai, in the International Phonetic Alphabet, and in the African reference alphabet

◌̌

1. háček
   1. marking partial palatalisation:
      1. C, [ts] → Č, [tʃ]
      2. R, [r] → Ř, [r̝] (before 1989: [ɼ])
      3. S, [s] → Š, [ʃ]
      4. Z, [z] → Ž, [ʒ]
   2. marking full palatalisation:
      1. D, [d] → Ď, [ɟ]
      2. N, [n] → Ň, [ɲ]
      3. T, [t] → Ť, [c]
   3. E, [ɛ] → Ě:
      1. marking palatalisation of the preceding consonant:
         1. de, [dɛ] → dě (not *ďe), [ɟɛ]
         2. ne, [nɛ] → ně (not *ňe), [ɲɛ]
         3. te, [tɛ] → tě (not *ťe), [cɛ]
      2. marking iotation:
         1. be, [bɛ] → bě, [bjɛ]
         2. pe, [pɛ] → pě, [pjɛ]
         3. ve, [vɛ] → vě, [vjɛ]
      3. me, [mɛ] → mě (not *mňe), [mɲɛ]

◌̌

1. háček
   1. marking partial palatalization:
      1. C, [t͡s] → Č, [t͡ʃ]
      2. S, [s] → Š, [ʃ]
      3. Z, [z] → Ž, [ʒ]

Letters with háček are considered as separate letters with different names, and listed in the alphabet after the same letters without macron (i.e., č after c, š after s, and ž after z), and also in alphabetized lists (e.g., in dictionaries), like letters with cedilla (ģ, ķ, ļ, ņ), and unlike letters with macrons (ā, ē, ī, ū), which are treated, for alphabetizing purposes, as the same as letters without macrons.

◌̌

1. (pinyin) háček, indicating the dipping third tone

   Ǎ, ǎ, Ě, ě, Ǐ, ǐ, Ǒ, ǒ, Ǔ, ǔ, Ǚ, ǚ

◌ˇ

1. A tone in the Zhuyin alphabet, it represents the third tone.

• ˊ (“second tone”), ˋ (“fourth tone”), ˙ (“neutral tone”)

◌̌

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called ćiriklo (“bird”) in Romani, and found on Ǎ/ǎ, Č/č, Čh/čh, Ď/ď, Dž/dž, Ě/ě, Ǧ/ǧ, Ǐ/ǐ, Ǩ/ǩ, Ľ/ľ, Ň/ň, Ǒ/ǒ, Ř/ř, Š/š, Ť/ť, Ǔ/ǔ and Ž/ž.
   1. (International Standard) marking palatalization of the preceding consonant.
   2. (Pan-Vlax) marking patalization of the consonant below.

• “Phonemic Values”, in ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project‎, 2000, archived from the original on February 26, 2005
• Marcel Courthiade (2009), “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in Hungarian; English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
• “Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, in R.E.D-RROM‎, accessed September 27, 2021
• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, OCLC 1267332830, page 16

◌̌

1. háček
   1. marking partial palatalisation:
      1. C, [t͡s] → Č, [t͡ʃ]
      2. Dz, [d͡z] → Dž, [d͡ʒ]
      3. S, [s] → Š, [ʃ]
      4. Z, [z] → Ž, [ʒ]
   2. marking full palatalisation:
      1. D, [d] → Ď, [ɟ]
      2. L, [ɫ] → Ľ, [ʎ]
      3. N, [n] → Ň, [ɲ]
      4. T, [t] → Ť, [c]

The native Slovak term for this diacritic is mäkčeň.

◌̌

1. (obsolete) A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called àmì ohùn ẹlẹ́yọ̀ọ́ròkè (“rising-tone mark”). Formerly used to indicate falling-tone, now written as ◌̀ followed by ◌́

• ìró ohùn ẹlẹ́yọ̀ọ́ròkè (“rising tone”)